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Copper’s contribution to the energy transition
Andrea J. Vaccari
Director, Health, Environment & Sustainable Development
International Copper Association
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Where does copper come from?
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What are major end uses of copper?
Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
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Energy transition vocabulary is copper rich
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25 Mt Cu would be needed, in EU by 2050, to build
a new, 100% renewable electricity system
System
Energy Storage
Demand
Network
Supply
| Payne Institue, Nov 7 20185
Wind and Solar: up to
12 times more Cu
intensive
Smart buildings:
+10% Cu
Smart homes:
+43% Cu
Electric vehicles:
+28 kg Cu
Heat pumps:
+8 kg Cu
Lithium batteries:
+0.6 kg Cu/KWh
Efficient grids, interconnectors,
subsea grids…
(400 kt Cu over next decade)Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
Source: ECI 2018
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Copper use is accelerating in the air-conditioning
and refrigeration market
| Payne Institue, Nov 7 20186 Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
Source: MetalsPlus 2017
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Solar and wind power will account for 0.35 Mt
of annual copper demand in 2035
| Payne Institue, Nov 7 20187 Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
Source: WoodMcKenzie 2017
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Copper demand in energy efficiency sectors almost
doubles from 4.7 Mt in 2017 to reach 9.7 Mt by 2035
| Payne Institue, Nov 7 20188 Copper. Makes the World Work Better.Source: WoodMcKenzie 2017
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The energy efficiency sector will contribute most to copper
demand but electromobility grows faster
| Payne Institue, Nov 7 20189 Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
Source: WoodMcKenzie 2017
Where is the copper in an electric vehicle?
40 kg10 kg
Harness: 30 kg
Others: 5 kg
| Payne Institue, Nov 7 201810 Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
Source: IDTechEx 2017
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Cu content by type of vehicle
(kg per vehicle)
23
39
60
83
Fuel based (ICE) Hybrid EV (HEV) Plug-in hybrid EV(PHEV)
Battery EV (BEV)
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Source: IDTechEx 2017
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Copper demand: 1.9 million tonnes by 2035
| Payne Institue, Nov 7 201812 Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
Source: WoodMcKenzie 2017
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| Payne Institue, Nov 7 201813
But how sustainable is copper?
Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
How is copper produced?
| Payne Institue, Nov 7 201814
Source: ICA 2018
Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
The copper life cycle is circular
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Understanding & reducing upstream impacts
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Acidifica-
tion
Climate
ChangeSmog EnergyOzone
Depletion
Eutroph-
ication
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Investment in sustainable operations*
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851 M1,169 M 1,249 M
999 M1,193 M
1,391 M
834 M
873 M 677 M
570 M454 M
413 M
296 M
323 M351 M
380 M 297 M289 M
0.0 B
0.5 B
1.0 B
1.5 B
2.0 B
2.5 B
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sum of Environmental protection expenditure ($US) Sum of R&D expenditure ($US)
Sum of Occupational health and safety expenditure ($US)
* = (Capital + R&D + Environmental protection + Occupational health and safety) expenditures
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Reducing carbon emissions
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Antofagasta announces first mine to
use 100 percent renewable energy
through agreement with a Chilean
electric power utility company.
Zaldívar copper mine in Chile (image courtesy of Antofagasta PLC)
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Replacing fossil fuels
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Solar plant for Gabriel Mistral (image courtesy of Codelco)
Codelco installed a 43,920 m2 solar plant to replace petroleum
use at the Gabriela Mistral mine. The solar plant produces 80%
of the energy required for the electrowinning process, avoiding
13,600 tonnes of CO2 emitted to the environment each year.
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Improving energy efficiency
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Freeport McMoRan’s Cerro Verde concentrator expansion was completed in 2016.
This included a High Pressure Grinding Roll circuit that is approximately 40 percent
more energy efficient than a traditional Semi-Autogenous Grinding mill circuit.
(© Cerro Verde/Lance Lundstrom)
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Using industrial heat to warm cities
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Industrial heat from Aurubis’s Hamburg Copper Smelter will provide heat to the district
of Hafencity East.
This is the first time that an entire district will be almost completely supplied with
industrial heat from industry and is estimated to save 140,000 tonnes of CO2 each
year.
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BHP’s $3.4 billion desalination plant
Largest
desalination plant
in Latin America
Two 42-inch
pipelines transport
water from the sea
to 3,200 m above
sea level
Four high-pressure
pumping stations
45 million person-
hours of work
Copper. Makes the World Work Better.| Payne Institue, Nov 7 201822
“In Chile, we aspire to cease using fresh water altogether
from 2030.” - Daniel Malchuk, President of BHP Minerals Americas
Minera Escondida
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Maximum 2 lines Anglo American uses tech to reduce water use
| Payne Institue, Nov 7 201823
Anglo developed “Pervasive Sensing”
technology with partner Silix
Fiber-optic circuit measures mine water
flows in real time and maximizes
conservation at multiple points
Ability to monitor a region equal in size
to Lower Manhattan, NY
Cost efficient and environmentally
sound
Supports better process control, water
conservation and, ultimately, improved
metal recovery
Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
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Mapping copper stocks & flows
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Global copper stocks and flows 2006 - 2015 (ICA/Fraunhofer ISI, 2017)
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Keeping it in the loop
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Copper abounds…
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Available at copperalliance.org
Copper. Makes the World Work Better.| Payne Institue, Nov 7 201827
Thank you
| Payne Institue, Nov 7 2018
Director, Health, Environment & Sustainable Development
Copper. Makes the World Work Better.
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