copy of كتاب التصميم العمراني7-1-2010
TRANSCRIPT
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العمران علوم 1سلسلة
وو نشأةتطور
العمراني التصميمم٢٠٠٦-١٩٥٦
حترير
ساندرز كرووليام جيرأليكس
ترمجة
اهلذلول علي بن صاحل
١٤٣١/٢٠١٠
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وو نشأةتطور
العمراني التصميمم٢٠٠٦-١٩٥٦
ال هارفاردجملة جامعة ، تصميمو الربيع ٢٠٠٦الصيفعدد
ترمجةعليصاحل اهلذلولبن
م٢٠١٠/هـ١٤٣١
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،) ح( ان ا م د ا ،١٤٣١ا م٢٠١٠هـو( ا ا ، )ا
ردر) ح( ر ه .م٢٠٠٦وو ا .م٢٠٠٦ا
رد ر ه و ـ ا . قأو ، وا ت ا ن م أي أو ب ا ا ه ء أي
ا آ اء و أو ه أوأ ، أو ا أو وا،ا آ ذن ا ه أو ، .أو
ا ء أ ا ا
م و ، رزا ا ا ر و رز/ م٢٠٠٦-١٩٥٦ة م و
ل ا ؛ آ ا ض–؛ هـ١٤٣١،ا
٢٣٢، ٢٤×١٧ص
٩٧٨-٩٩٦٠-٩٤٢٧-١-١: رد
أ-١ ا ا ا-ا ، )رك(آ،-ب ل ان-ج) (ا ا
ي ٧٢٩٢٤٩٩/١٤٣١: د
اع ا ٢٤٩٩/١٤٣١:ر٩٧٨-٩٩٦٠-٩٤٢٧-١-١:رد
ز ان: ا ا م د ا اض١٧٠٢٥ب.ص ا ،١١٤٨٤
د ا ا ا٩٦٦١٢٩٣١٦٤٩: آ
ان ا م و ان ا م د ا ا ب ا ا هان ا ت .وه
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ا ر
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ا ذه ر ٩........................ .......................................إآ ا
ا ا ول ا ا ١٥.................................ت
ل إ ا ا ا ٣١.......................مررد إ
ا ا ا دور: ة و ز ا ٧١....... ال ر رد ر
وااا ١٠١................... ةااون ت د
و فا ا( ا ت ا)و ات ١٤٥.............. آآ
ب ا ة ا ل ا ١٦٥...................................أداو ري أ
ة: ا ١٦٧............................ ١٩٥٦هرو
آ ؟آ أ نوآ ا ر وا ١٩١.......ا١٩٥٦م
ر ن
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ا ا ا ث وآ ٢٠٣...............................................أآ ا
رآ ا ٢٢٩......................................................................ة
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::
CIAM :: JLS
.
SP :.UPB :-19181967
.
:AC:ل-١ documentos de astividad contemporaneaIgnasi: أ de Sola-Morales," La nueva arquitecturay el asimetrico dialogo enter
. Csic.es/ bol/num8/estrabismo.htm>.www.residenciaBarcelonay Madrid,"<
٢-Josep Lluis Sert, Fernand Leger, and Sigfried Giedion, ``Nine Points onMonumentality,``
، ا ا ا ك١٩٤٣آ وه:
Joan Ockman and Edward Eigen, eds., Architecture Culture :1943-1968(NewYork:Clombia Books on Architecture / Rizzoli , 1993),29-30.
٣-Jose Luis Sert, " The Human Scale in city Planning," and city Planning (NewYork Philosophical Libarry, 1944),392-412 .
م ر ان١٩٤٣ل ة ت ن انا" آ ي ا انا ه" ا ز ا. ر و ا ا ه ن ر
ر ت ه( ح ر١٩٤٣) ٢(٣٥ت،-ر ،
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JLS-E2 (ت١٩٤٣م)اا" ل سا."ا رة ا ذ ن روآر ر ي .ا
(Mardges Bacon, forthcoming essay in Eric Mumford & Hashim Sarkis,eds., JoseLuis Sert( The Architect of Urban Design, 1953-1969).
٤-Jose Luis Sert,`` Urban Design,`` October 23,1953 ( Folder D91,JLS).ا ا ت ا د ش وة . ا
إ ا أن ي ا ا م إ ت أن ؟( و ) ادأ ا ت ر ا ن وك ا آ د ر) ١٩٤٠( آ ا ا ه ،) .AIA( ا
٥-Letter, Louis Justment to Gorge Howe, October7.1953(UP8.41,Box9,Folder,Dean Perkins Correspondence ``Whither Cities?``Architectural Record,December 1953,10. 1953-1954) .
ث ا آ
٦-``Urban Design,`` October23,1953 Folder091,JLS), 2 .
٧-Jose Luis Sert,`` The Theme of the Congress: The Core,`` in the unpublishedCIAM 8 pro- ceedings(CIAM JT-6- 16-36/41).
٨-``Whither Cities?``10.
٩-Tracy Augur, ``The Dispersal of Cities as a Defense Measure,`` Bulletin of theAtomic Scientists, April 1948,131-134.
١٠-``Whither Cities?``10.ر ا اآ ا ء دة وإ ء إ ب أ ل ا ت ت اآ ه ن ا
اا رآ ا ت أو ت أي آ ري، . ا
١١-Sert,`` Human Scale,`` 392-394, 407-409
د أآ ر إ ف أ ا ا ا س ا ر أا تآ ا ن ذ. ١٩٥٠م١٩٣٠`وك : ل
Gyo Obata,St.Louis:A Study in Urban Design( Cran- brook Academy of Art ,1946).
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-٦٤-
١٢-Le Corbusier and P.Jeanneret, Oever complete, 1934-1938, 7th ed. ( Zurich:Editions d`Architecture Zurich,1964),26-29 .
١٣-Sigfried Giedion,`` Brauchen wir noch kunstler? `` plastique,Printemps 1937 ,19-21.
آ ا ا ا آ إ إ : ن
architecture, you and me ( Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1958),2-5.
١٤-Sigfried Giedion, Space , Time and Architecture ( Cambridge,MA: HatvardUniversity Press , 1941),569-580.
ا ة ا ازي ، ا آ وا ا ا ه ا ن إن،:"وه ا رة ات" و م. ة درا١٩٤٢م
،ا" ا ة وا ا إي" اآ د أ وام رخ ز م١٩٤٩إ ي إم ر. ١٩٥١و ا ق ا ا ت ا ه
، ا اآ ر ر أ وذ ، م ا س از آ ب وآ ر إ ا
Camillo sitte, Der Stadtebau(1889)
١٥-Sean d`ouverture,`` CIAM 7 Bergamo 1949 Documents ( Nendein /Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1979),1-2.
ا ا ب .ا
١٦-Letter, Sert to Godfrey Samuel, March, 5,1950ا ه
Jos Bosman, `` CIAM After the War: A Balance of the Modern Movement,``Rassegna, Decem - ber 1992,11.
رة-١٧ ا در ، أ ب دة ا ، رو ا را)AA (ت ا ا در آ ، دي ا ا ن ا ت ا ن
ر ـ. ا ة أ ت سإ: ا و وه روس،ا. : ـ ر روس أدار او ، ا ا ا
دة وإ ا و أت و ، ك ه و در ، م ا ر روس ك ا ر م. ١٩٣٨إ ا إدارة و
ه١٩٤١ ن ا اد ا ش، ا اا ا ب ا ل ء .ا
(Volker Wel- ter,``Postwar CIAM , TeamX, and the influence of PatrickGeddes,`` in CIAM Team 10 , the English Context ,D`Laine Camp, et al., eds.( Delft: Faculty of Architecture, TU-Delft,2002),87-110;
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Ines Zalduendo,``Jaqueline Tyrwhitt`s Correspondence Courses : Town Planningin the Trenches,``forthcoming).
١٨-Jose Luis Sert,`` The Theme of the Congress: The Core.``د ا ت ح س ا ا ه
Centres of, in J.Tyrwhitt,J.L.Sert, and E.N.Rogers,CIAM8: The Heart of the City(New York: Pellegrini and Cudahy, 1952),3-16.Community Life
١٩-``Text of MARS Group Invitation. The Core,`` In unpublished CIAM 8proceedings (CIAM JT-6-16-6-7).
ا ت د ا" أ ة ا " اآRogers.CIAM 8, 6.Tyr- whitt,Sert,and .ت١٩٤٤م م
ا ، ت إ ، و" ا ا ا ا أو " ا " ودي ا "ا
( Sert ,`` The Human Scale in City Planning, ``in Zucker,398).
٢٠-Tyrwhitt,sert,and Rogers, CIAM 8,3.، ا و آ د أا ن اآ ة آ ذو واي أور ز ا ف
ا ا ب ا ـ) ا( ة دون ا" أ" واأور. ا ت و
James Salon Allen, The Romance of Commerce and Culture: Capitalism,Modernism, and the Chicago Crusade for Cultural Reform ( Boulder,CO:University Press of Colorado,2002),180-192. Aspen
٢١-J.L.Sert,``The Human Factor in Architecture and city Planning,`` December18,1952(Folder D69,JLS)
٢٢-Sigfried Giedion,`` Spatial Imagination,`` in S.Giedion, architecture, you and me(Cam-bridge, MA: Harvard University Press,1958),178. Sigfried Giedion,Adecaade of New Architecture ( Zurich: Girsberger,1951).
ا-٢٣ ن ا ر و إن ."ا" ا
رس-٢٤ ورف ز ل ا. أ ة ع ا و
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ا ء ا
Carter Wiseman ,I.M. Pei: A Profile in American Archi- tecture ( NewYork:Harry Abrams, 1990), 46-71
ا-٢٥ ا رك را دآ ، م رو ل آ ـ اا رام رد ر م٢٠٠٤ه ي ا و، ت ت . ا
J.I.Sert and J.Tywhitt, `` The Shape of the American City ,`` in ContemporaryArchitec-ture of the World-25 1961(Tokyo:Shokokusha Publishing, 1961), 101-
106;``The Future of the American Out- of- Town Shopping Center,``Ekistics16:93 ( Augest 1963),96-105.
ـ-٢٦ ر م ار ا ا إ ر أ ن و ن أن :"وآ و آ ، ،٢٨" آ دت( ١٩٥٦رس ا
ت" ١٩٥٥رس٢٨" أ ا ه
Alison Smithson , The Emergence of Team 10 out of CIAM [ London:Architectural Association, 1982],n.p.).
٢٧-Team 10, `` Doom Manifesto,``1954, in Joan Ockman and Edward Eigen, eds.,Architec- ture Culture: 1943-1968( New York: Columbia Books on Architecture /Rizzoli, 1993),183.
و-٢٨ ة، ا ه ي ا ، ا م ع ا م ل ح إع ا
Rassegna, December 1992, 43-45.
٢٩-Design 1-3a, History of Urban design. Official Register of Harvard University;The Graduate School of Design LI(May 19,1954), No. 11,30
دةو اد" أاا ربوإ تاا اااا تا."ا ةا ردندراا ر ،ه
كأن دةأرتأيه .ا
٣٠--Siegfried [ sic] Giedion ,`` Space and the Elements of the Renaissance City,``Magazine of Art, J anuary 1952,3-10.
٣١-S. Giedion, ``The Humanization of Urban Life,`` Architectural Record 111( April1952), 121-129, reprinted in Giedion, architecture, you and me, 125-137
ا-٣٢ و و و ، ا ر ي ا ا ه ن ولآ ا ل
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-٦٧-
أ. م ا ا ه م إ :لJill Peariman, ``Breaking Common Ground: Joseph Hudnut and the Pre- historyof Urban,`` forthcoming in Eric Numford & Hashim Sarkis, eds., Jose Luis Sert:The Architect of UrabanDesign
م-٣٣ ا ة ا ت ا إ إ ب ا ل ر ت . ١٩٤٦هو أن إ ، رد ر ه ا ت ور ل ت د و
أآ أن ر ا ار ا ر م ى وأ ب ا ل وم .ا( Martin Hammer and Christina Lodder, Constructing Modernity: The art andcareer of Naum Gabo [ New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000] , 351).
٣٤-Typed course listing,`` Harvard University `` ( September 1953).زا ارو ا م ا ر ودرس وزو. ا ه ب ه و
ـ ، وار د م: ا و ز ر آ و إ١٩٥١ل أـ ، ة ا ت م: ا و وو ر١٩٥٣ت ا ر ه
رده( ا م) ر ك ه ،. ١٩٧٥ودرس ت ا أ ه ن آم ر و ن ،١٩٥٨آ ا ر آ و
رة ا وع و) ا( ت ا و ، وع و ، اد.
( ``Joseph Zalewsk undated obituary, folder SA113, JLS).ـ ا: ا ي و دا رى
٣٥-Official Register of Harvard University: The Graduate School of Design LI ( May19,1954), 32.
ا ، ا م ع إ ل ز رو ت م ةأ ا ،٣٠-٢٣يرد. ١٩٤٩ ر ه أول ن ت أو ي ا ، رو ه أ
ت١٩٥٨م و ز رو درس ،١٩٥٤-١٩٥٣.
٣٦-Ernesto Rogers, `` Resume of open Session, Wednesday July 11,``in npublishedCIAM 8 Proceedings ( CIAM JT-6-16-75).
م ن آ ا ، ا م ه ،١٩٤٦رو إء إ ح ري" وإ وا ر ا ا إ"آ ري ا آ ا و ، ة آ
ا ق آ( اا ا).ا ر ا دة ز رو وء١٩٥١و ا ,Rovira( و Sert , 315. (
٣٧-Ernesto Rogers, `` Continuita/ Continuity,`` 1992 (1952)2.
٣٨-Design 1-3b .Urban Design. Offical Register of Harvard University: TheGraduate School of Design LI ( May 19, 1954),No. 11,30-31.
أ-٣٩ ت دة ل ا ر م ا آ م رض" إ " اCammie McAtee, `` From Landscape Architecture to Urban Design : The Critical
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-٦٨-
Thinking of Hideo Sasaki, 1950-1961,`` forthcoming in Jose Luis Sert :TheArchitect of Urban Design .
٤٠-Sert, Sasaki, Carlhian, Seminar on Urban Design ( Folder D119-JLS).
٤١-Rovira, Sert, 177-181; Tim Hyde,`` Planos, Planesy Planificacion: Jose Luis Sertand the Idea of Planning,`` forthcoming in Jose Luis Sert ; The Architect of UrbanDesign.
آ ا و ، ا و ا رة ا و آ ا وو ت ول.١٩٥٩رس
٤٢-umihiko Maki,`` J.L.Sert: His Beginning Years at Harvard,`` Process:Architecture (1982), 13-14.
ا ر ا ت آ و١٩٥٤-١٩٥٣درسوا١٩٥٤زا ر ه وذ ،
م١٩٥٦م ك ه ج ا. ١٩٥٨و ر د وا ا ا .١٩٦٢١٩٦٥رس
٤٣-CIAM ,`` To all CIAM Groups, Delegates, and Members,`` May30,1956(Box12,SP CO845)
آ ا م ت ك ه آ ا ا ده و ، ،،ت رو ة ا ا وو ، و آ رج ة، أ
رة ا ت ه . د
٤٤-CIAM ,`` To members of Group USA Omnibus,`` June 11, 1956( Box12,SP CO845).
ا ر ا و ، و ، و ، و ، ت آ ع ا ا ره اوه رس إ ري وا ، ا ت أ ر ا
ك و رآ . أ
٤٥-Jola Gola, ed.; Jerzy Soltan : A Monograph ( Cambridge, MA: HarvardUniversity Graduate School of Design, 1995).
٤٦-J.L. Sert,`` Opening talk, August 6th, 1956,`` in unpublished documents titled ``CIAM 10 Dubrovnik 1956`` ( CIAM 42-X-14-19).J.L.Sert, `` General Assembly to receive report on the future of CIAM," addressby J.L. Sert, President,August11,1956,
ان رة CIAM``و 10 Dubrovnik 1956`` ( CIAM42-X-38-40)."، ز رو إ آ ت ه ذآ ا م ا و ا ة ا
و،ن د ن و ر ، ن ، ن زي ، ن إ ن ر .آ
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و ، ة ا ت ا و ، ن ا أو ، رس ،إ ا آو ، آ ش رو ر و ، ر ا وأ ، آ ن .و
٤٩-Bosman, ``CIAM. After the War,``14
ا-٥٠ ا وا ول ا رد ر ه وRichard Marshal,`` Shaping the City of Tomorrow : Jose Luis Sert`s UrbanDesign Legacy,`` Jose Luis Sert : The Architect of Urban Design, 1953-1969.forthcoming in
٥١-``Meeting at 2 Buckingham Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, April 15, 1957``( CIAM 42-JT-22-11). These minutes have numerous misspelled names, and ``
Max Bells`` in the original almost certainly refers to Max Bill .و ، ء ا آ ا ء ا ا ا Max``ه Bells``آ
ـ آ ا Maxت Bill.
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:-١Can Our Ccities Survive? An ABC of urban problems, their analysis,
their solutions; based on the proposals formulated by the C.I.A.M.,International Congresses for Modern Architecture, Congressinternationaux d` architecture moderne ( Cambridge, MA: HarvardUniversity Press,1942
ق( تا و) ا ت ا ا ، ت ا دة اتا و ا ا ول Progressiveا Architectureم
١٩٥٦.-٢World Bank,2006,< www.worldbank.org/-٣Can Our Cities Survive?, 229.-٤Jose Lluis Sert (1956a) Opening remarks to the Urban Design
Conference, April9,1956 Loeb Library, Graduate School ofDesign, Rare NAC461Iarv 1956. Hereafter referred to as ``Sert, 1956a.``
-٥Can Our Cities Survive?,222.-٦، ا ٢٢٤ا-٧، ا ٢٣٤ا-٨The Heart of the City; Towards the Humanism of Urban
Life(London: Humphries,1952).
-٩Sert,``Centers of Community Life`` in The Heart of The City:Towards the Hummanism of Urban Life ( London: Humphries,1952),3.
-١٠، ا ١١ا
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١١-Urban Design Conferences, Proceedings of Spring 1956Conference. Transcripts, Notes, etc, Harvard UniversityArchive, 1956a, UA V433. 7. 4. Subseries IIB,Box19,
و ت ت و تيدات .ر. تو
-١٢``Urban Design,``Progressive Architecture, August 1956, 97-112.-١٣Harvard University Archive, 1956a.-١٤``Urban Design,``97.-١٥، ا .٩٩ا-١٦، ا .٩٩ا
-١٧Harvard University Archive, 1956a.
-١٨Harvard University Archive,1957a,2nd Urban DesignConference Announcement and Program, dated April 1957..Loeb Library, Graduate School of Design, Rare NAC46, Harv1957.
-١٩Harvard University Archives,1959.-٢٠Harvard University Archive, 1959 . 3rd Urban Design
Conference Program, April25, 1959. Loeb Library, GraduateSchool of Design, Rare HT107.U712x1959( loose leaf files inthe archive).
ا٢١- .ا-٢٢Harvard University Archive, 1966. 10th Urban Design
Conference Proceedings,
April 17 and 18, 1966. Loeb Library, Graduate School ofDesign, NAC46Har1966:14.
-٢٣Synthesis, Graduate School of Desgn, Apri 1957(loose leaffiles in the archive ).
ا٢٤- .اا٢٥- .اا٢٦- .ا-٢٧Far Eastern Economic Review, Asia1998 Yearbook,63.-٢٨See Mike Davis , `` Planet of Slums: Urban Involution and the
Informal Proletariat,`` New Left Review 26( March / April2004):5-43.
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١-``Urban Design,`` Progressive Architecture, August1956,101.٢-، ا ١٠٤ا٣-، ا ١٠٨ا٤-، ا ١٠٦ا٥-، ا ١١١-١١٠ا٦-، ا ١٠٤ا٧-، ا ١٠١ا٨-، ا ١٠١-١٠٠ا٩-، ا ٩٩.١٠٠ا١٠-، ا ٩٩ا،ا-١١ ١٠٥ا١٢-، ا ١٠٧اأن-١٣ ا ا و اءة ا ا ا آ
ه و ن. زه ر ت أ ا ات ا أن ا و.ا
ا-١٤ ق و ر ا آ اأن د ر أ``Paralipomena in Urban Design`` ( 1989), Urban Concepts:Denise Scott Brown (London: Academy Editions, 1990) , andin`` Between Three Stools: A Personal view of Urban DesignPractice and pedagogy,`` Education for Urban Design (Purchase,NY: Institute for Urban Design, 1982),132-172 ,
ت Urbanأ Concepts .ا ل آ ا ا ى اا ادوا : ا
<www.vsba.com>
١٥-``Urban Design,``100-101.
١٦-``The Public Realm, the Public Sector and the PublicInterest in Urban Design, ``a paper presented for asymposium, `` The Public Realm: Architecture andSocity,``1985, at the College of Architecture of theUniversity of Kentucky.
ت و Urbanو Concepts
١٧-Peter Shedd Reed, ``Towards Form : Louis l.kahn``sUrban Designs for Philadelphia,1939-1962
رة را دآ :Philadelphiaر Fisher Fine Arts Library,University of Pennsylvania, April 1989,passim.
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-١٤٢-
١٨-Walter lsard, Location and Space Economy: A General TheoryRelating to I Theory Relating to Industrial Location , MarketAreas, Land-Use, Trade, and Urban Structure ( Cambridge :MIT Press, 1956).
١٩-Patrick Geddes n India, Jacqueline Tyrwhitt, ed.(extracts fromofficial reports on Indian cities, 1915-1919)(London:Lund,Humphries,1947).
٢٠-``The Meaningful City,`` Journal of the American Institute ofArchitects, January 1965,27-32, reprinted in Harvard’sConnection, Spring 1967.
٢١-Kevin Lynch, `` Environmental Adaptability, `` AIP Journal1(1958).
٢٢-David A. Crane, ``The City Sumbolic,`` Journal of the AmericanInstitute of Planners, May 1960,32-39. `` ChandigarhReconsidered : The Dynamic City, ``Journal of the AmericanInstitute of Planners, November 1960,280-292.
٢٣-Denise Scott Brown,`` Learning from Brutalism, ``TheIndependent Group: Postwar Britain and the Aesthetics ofPlenty, David Robbins, ed.( Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1990),203-206.
٢٤-``Between Three Stools,`` and ``Team10, Perspecta 10, and thePresent State of Architectural Theory,`` Journal of the AmericanInstitute of Planners, January 1967,42-50.
٢٥-Robert Venturi, Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture( New York: Museum of Modem Art and Graham Foundation ,
1966).
٢٦-Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown , and Steven Izenour,Learning from Las Vegas,( Cambridge, MA : MIT Press , 1972 ,rev. edition 1977).
٢٧-Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. Learning fromLas Vegas, ``On Architectural Formalism and Social Concern : A discourse
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for Social Planners and Radical Chic Architects ,`` Oppositions 5,Summer 1976,99-112,``On Pop Art, Permissiveness andPlanning,`` Journal of the American Institute of Planners, May1969,184-186.
٢٨-Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, Architecture as Signsand Systems: For a Mannerist Time ( Cambridge, MA : BelknapPress of Harvard University Press, 2004), 103-217.
٢٩-``Between Three Stools,``19.
٣٠-، ا .١٩ا
٣١-``The Public Realm,The Public Sector and the Public Interest inUrban Design,`` Urban Concepts: Denise Scott Brown, 28 .
أ With``أ the Best Intentions: On Design Review,``Harvard Design Magazine, Winter/ Spring 1999,37-42.
٣٢-Architecture as Signs and Systems: For a Mannerist Time, 216.
٣٣-The Oxford Book Of French Verse, St. John Lucas,ed.( London: Oxford University Press, 1907; rev. 1957), 516-517.
My rough translation.
٣٤-Architecture as Signs and Systems, 216.
٣٥-``The Public Realm, the Public Sector and the Public Interest inUrbanDesign,``28.
٣٦-، ا .٢٨ا
٣٧-``With the Best Intentions,``42.
٣٨-Architecture as Signs and Systems, 216.
٣٩-``The Public Realm, the Public Sector and the Public Interest inUrban Design,``28.
٤٠-``Between Three Stools,``20.
٤١-``Urban Design,``103.
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