copy of envtal ethics

8/8/2019 Copy of Envtal Ethics

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Set of moral values

Greekword ethos

Our attitude shaped by social,economical and political factors


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It means surrounding in which any

organization or living system

operates.It includes natural physical entities

like air, water, land and its

resources, human beings, flora,fauna and their interrelationships


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Moral relations between human beings and

their natural environment.

Extending the traditional boundaries of ethics

from solely including humans to including the

non-humanworld.

Study of the values and moral status of human-

environment interactionsConcerns formulating our moral obligations

regarding the environment.


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There are many ethical decisions that human

beings make with respect to the environment.

For example:

Should we continue to clear cut forests for the

sake of human consumption?

Shouldw

e continue to make gasoline pow

eredvehicles?

What environmental obligations do we need to

keep for future generations?

Is it right for humans to knowingly cause theextinction of a species for the convenience of

humanity?


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Guidelines or general rules should

exist

Besides actual laws, there are some

basic, common ethics or principles

Moral philosophy

Morality of human actions


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The first earth day held on April 22, 1970, inthe united states

People realize that some sense of

environmental responsibility should be

developed1949 publication of a book by American

naturalist Aldo Leopold

A sand county almanac contained strong

defense of the environment and argument the

newphilosophy about man and nature


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A sustainable environment is essential to (present andfuture) human well-being.

Distinction between instrumental value and intrinsic value.

a. The value of things as means to further some other ends.

b. The value of things as ends in themselves.

Traditional western ethical perspectives

a. Either assign intrinsic value to human beings alone or

b. Assign a significantly greater amount of intrinsic value tohuman beings than to any nonhuman things


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A challenge to traditional

anthropocentrism.

It questioned the assumed moral

superiority of human beings to members

of other species on earth.

It investigated the possibility of rational

arguments for assigning intrinsic value.


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Every life form is unique, and has intrinsicvalue, regardless of its perceived value to

humans

We should have a profound respect for nature

We must maintain a harmonious relationship

with other species

Everyone should take responsibility for his

impact on natureLocal and indigenous environmental

knowledge should be respected

We must plan for the long term


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Places humans at the centre of the universe

Non-human beings most like human are

usually considered more intelligent, ex.

ChimpanzeesAnthropocentrism not allows humans to bridge

the artificial gap it creates

Anthropocentrism causes humans to misjudge

animal intelligence and awareness

Anthropocentric humans tend to judge non-

human animals according to human cultural

standards


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Direct responsibilities to the natural

world that constitutes, fauna, flora,

ecosystem and other things

Ethical principles should be extended to

all

Ecocentricism values nature

Chipko movement is the best example


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Libertarian extension

Ecologic extensionConservation ethics


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Echoes a civil liberty approach

Deep ecology is the argument for the

intrinsic value or inherent worth of the

environment

Include the rights of non-human animals


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Places emphasis on the recognition of the

fundamental interdependence of all biologicaland abiological entities and their essential

diversity

It argues for the intrinsic value inherent in

collective ecological entities

Looks only at the worth of the environment in

terms of its utility It is the opposite of deep ecology

Also known as shallow ecology

Preservation of the environment on the basis

that it has extrinsic value


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A subject of sustained academic

philosophic reflection in the 1970s.

After 1990 did the field gain institutionalrecognition at various programs.

Offer a masters degree.

Offer a PhD program with a

concentration in environmental ethics.


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Many companies have come to realize that ethical

practices may be a good business.

Environmental Ethics concerns the values system

of societiesRelationship between environmental or ecological

insights and our social and political systems


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Environmental education

Awareness to understand therelationship between human and their

environment.

Make the people understand


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Evidence for future developments

Informed by changes in the political efforts to

ameliorate environmental problems

Businesses should take the lead in tackling

problems

We have environmental obligations

Informed by our scientific understanding of theenvironment


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University student who has contracted a mild, but painful,

eye infection. If left untreated, this type of infection usually clears up

spontaneously within two weeks.

You have been an activist against the unnecessary use of

animals in product testing for several yearsYou have learned that the Draize test was used in testing the

safety of this medication.

The Draize test involves applying the tested product to the

eyes of rabbits to look for irritation and other side effects.

There are alternativeways to test for many such products

Should you use the medication?


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As a chemical engineer for the last 11 years, you are oftencontracted by the small municipality of Walkerville, Ontario to

test drinking water samples.

Earlier this month, in a test ofwater from Walkerville, your

team detected dangerously high levels of a particular.

According to procedure you immediately alerted the Utilities

Commission manager clearly expressing what the water

contained.

But that was 10 days ago and no actions have been taken to

remedy the situation.Because of the high cost associated the manager is not

willing to pursue the matter

Residents of Walkerville have no knowledge of the danger

they might be drinking.


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Does Earth exist entirely for

humanity?

What are the rights of nonhumanspecies and do we have any

obligations to them?

Do we have a duty to be concernedwith future generations?


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