copy of wide area blackout

7/29/2019 Copy of Wide Area Blackout

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SEMINAR

PRESENTATION

ON

WIDEAREA BLACKOUT(AN ELECTRICAL DISASTER)


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Contents

1) Introduction

2) What is blackout?

3) July2012 India blackout

4) Why Blackout?5) Preventing blackout

6) SynchrophasorMonitoring

7) Fact Devices8) Distributed generation

9) Why it is a disaster?

10)Conclusion


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(1)Introduction

Security of a power system is affected by

three factors:

Characteristics of the physical system:

the integrated generation, transmission and

distribution system

protection and control systems

Business structures of owning andoperating entities

The regulatory framework


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(2)What is a blackout?

A blackout refers to the total loss of power toan area and is the most severe form of poweroutage that can occur in a power system.

Blackouts which results in power stationstripping are particularly difficult to recoverquickly.

Outages may last from a few minutes to afew weeks depending on

the nature of the blackout and

the configuration of the electrical network


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(3)July 2012 India blackout

Largest power outagein history

Occurred as twoseparate events on 30and 31 July 2012

Affected over 620million people, half ofIndia's population

Spread across 22states in Northern,Eastern, andNortheast India.


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(4)Reasons behind July Blackout

Weak inter-regional powertransmission corridors dueto multiple existing outages

High Loading on 400 kV

Bina-Gwalior-Agra link. Inadequate response by

SLDCs to the instructions of(RLDCs) to reduce overdrawby the Northern Regionutilities andunderdrawal/excessgeneration by the WesternRegion utilities.

Loss of 400 kV Bina-Gwaliorlink due to mis-operation of

its protection system.


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Angular Separation between NR and Grid


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(5)Preventing blackouts

Long Term plans:

Adequatetransmission access

to load centers Sufficient generation

Dynamic simulation

Distributedgeneration

Short Term plans:

Implementation ofspecial protection

schemes

Proper use of FACTdevices


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(6)Synchrophasor Monitoring

Most monitoring of thegrid is based on non-simultaneous averagevalues .

Monitoring of linevoltage phase angles(phasors) can fill thatgap, providing the

instantaneousmeasurement ofelectrical magnitudesand angles.


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Use of phasor measurements


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Dynamic Security Assessment(DSA)


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(7)FACT devices


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(8)Distributed Generations

Use wind turbines,Solar arrays,Geothermal, Streamturbine from a small

local stream, Wave,Tidal energy

Offer significanteconomic,

environmental andsecurity benefits

Small, modular, locatednear load site


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Preventing blackouts summary

Good design and operatingpractices could minimize theoccurrence and impact ofwidespread outages

Reliability criteria

Robust stability controls

Coordinated emergencycontrols

Real-time system

monitoring and control Need for a single entity with

overall responsibility forsecurity of entireinterconnected system


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Why blackout is a disaster??

Electric power: Essential resource of

national security

It affects : finance,transportation,food andwater supply, health and welfare,communications, research, heating,cooling, lighting, computer and electronics,

industries, commercial enterpriseandmany more

Impact on grid and public life is

countless


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(10)Conclusion

Will there be ablackoutin future???

Engineers tend to learn from the past

... but systems are usually prepared to thelast (rather than future) war

Improvements in communications and

coordination in SLDC,RLDC andgenerating stations

... but new challenges are looking ahead


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REFERENCES:

I. http://www.powermin.nic.in August 2012

II. http://wikipedia.org/India_blackouts

III. ieee.org


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