copyright 2001 s.h. shakman; permission to post on internet given to stanley found. role of...

Copyright 2001 S.H. Shakman; permission to post on internet given to Stanley Found.

ROLE OF INFECTION IN MENTAL ILLNESS

Some Historical Perspectives &

Therapeutic Implications

S. H. Shakmanwww.InstituteOfScience.com


Hippocrates on “Madness”IMPLICATING INFECTIOUS PROCESSES:

- "Varicose veins or hemorrhoids supervening on madness remove it“

- "Maniacal" and epileptic most prominently encountered in Spring

- "Madness comes from [the brain's] moistness."

- "progress of the blood through the body proving irregular, all kinds of irregularities occur."

HIPPOCRATESFifth entury B.C.

C


Benjamin Rush on Epilepsy, etc."Some time in the year 1801 I was consulted by the father

of a young gentleman in Baltimore, who had been affected with epilepsy. I inquired into the state of his teeth, and was informed that several of them in his upper jaw were much decayed.I directed them to be extracted, and advised him afterwards to lose a few ounces of blood, at any time when he felt the premonitory symptoms of a recurrence of his fits. He followed my advice, in consequence of which I had lately the pleasure of hearing from his brother that he was perfectly cured.

"I have been made happy be discovering that I have only added to the observations of other physicians, in pointing out a connection between the extraction of decayed and diseased teeth and the cure of general diseases." Martin Fischer 1940, p. 199.


UPSON (1908); COTTON (1921)• Henry Upson’s Insomnia and Nerve Strain, 1908, was the first

systematic attempt to explain mental disease in terms of (tooth and gum) infection.

• Henry Cotton’s The Defective, Delinquent and Insane, 1921, related the Billings-Rosenow bacteriological perspective to mental illness and publicized the concept in the 1920s.

• Adolph Meyer, MD, Johns Hopkins Professor of Psychiatry & Director of Henry Phipps Clinic, in Foreword to Cotton’s book:

“To the physician I should recommend a patient reading … .” Meyer urged “physicians and laymen to furnish means for extensive and well-controlled trials [with expectation of] good results.”


Postgraduate Med. series on bacteriology, serology, etiology:I Postgraduate Med. Nov.47, 346-57: Methods, materials

-Results of cultures-Agglutination and precipitation experiments

II Postgraduate Med. Feb. 48, 2124-36: Effects in animals -Experiments with rabbits -Experiments with mice -Illustrative protocols

III Postgraduate Med. May 48, 367-76: Cutan. reactions-Intradermal injection of antibody and antigen-To therapeutic injections of thermal antibody-To electro-shock

South Dakota J. Med. and Pharm. 5: 243-248; 262;272, Sept. 1952.

J. Nerv. and Ment. Dis. 117: 415-428, May 1953; 122: 238-247, Sept. 1955; 122: 321-331, Oct. 1955.

Note these works build on decades of prior work with nervous syst. diseases.

E. C. ROSENOW ON EPILEPSY & SCHIZOPHRENIA


E. C. ROSENOWMD; 1875-1966

Mayo Foundation 1915-1944

“medical guide of the future”Walter L. Bierring

“fundamental contribution”Russel L. Haden

“strikingly true”Wilkie

“almost revolutionize former views”William W. Duke

“vaccines that worked miracles”Leonard Rowntree


ROSENOW METHODOLOGY

• Oxygen Gradients

• Glycerine-Salt Menstruum

• Serial Dilution Cultures

SERIAL DILUTIONADA Centennial, 1940


LOCALIZATION OF STREPTOCOCCI IN 11,479 ANIMALS(Totals for Rosenow, 11 Co-Workers, 20 Others*)

SOURCE OF STREPTOCOCCI IV-INJECTED: Variou distal foci in persons with LESIONS Specific Other No SystemicFOUND IN Disease Disease Disease (%) (%) (%)Stomach 57 6 11Joints 56 15 18 Eyes 45 1 5Myocardium 54 6 7Muscles 70 8 5Kidneys 72 7 10Colon 56 1 3 •Rosenow, E. C., Dental Centenary Proceedings, Maryland State Dental

Association and A.D.A., March 1940, p. 261‑82.

ELECTIVE LOCALIZATION


--1. Haden RL, Dent. Infect.& Systemic Diseases, Lea and Febiger, 1928

--2. Barnes AR & AS Giordano, J.Indiana Med.Ass. 15: 1-7, 1932.--3. Nickel AC and AR Hufford, Arch.Int.Med. 41: 210-230,

1928;Nickel AC, Staff Meet. Mayo Clinic, 3 Aug. 8,1928,232-5; Nickel AC and WW Sager, ibid, Oct. 10, 1928, 297-9.

--4. Cooper ML, Tr.Am.Pediat.Soc. 43:32-33, 1931.--5. Jarlov, E. and Brinch, O., Hospitalstid 81:80-5, 1938.--6. Welsh AL, Arch.Derm.&Syph. 30:611-629, 1934.--7. Welsh, AL, J.Invest.Dermat. 7:7-42, 1946.--8. Meisser JG & BS Gardner, J.Nat.Dental Assn.19:578-592,1922.--9. Cook TJ, J.Amer.Dent.A. 18, 2290-2301, 1931--10. Bernhardt H, Z.f.Klin.Med. 117:158-174, 1931.--11. Irons EE, etal, J.Inf.Dis. 18:315-334, 1916.--12. Kelley TH, Ohio State MJ 14:221-223, 1918.--13. Topley WWC, and HB Weir, J.Path.& Bact. 24:333-346, 1921.--14. Wilkie DPD, Brit.J.J. 1:481-4, 1928.--15. Jones NW & SJ Newsom, Arch.Path. 13:392-414, 1932.

15 Studies Confirming Rosenow’s Methods


TOOTH IS BONE, ALIVE, CONNECTED (compromised teeth are compound fractures)

• Pierre Fauchard (18th Cent.; father of dentistry)

- teeth are hardest bones in body- enamel analogous to fingernail

• John Hunter (18th Cent.; father of anatomy)

• Martin Fischer, MD ( 1940, Death & Dentistry; Physiologist)

- all fillings bad; deprive wound of O2- chronic, common streptococcal disease –

“The Billings-Rosenow Syndrome”

• Zoethout & Tuttle (1952, Textbook of Physiology)- dentin almost identical with bone


Antigen in Blood, Schizophrenia, etc.

Rosenow demonstrated antigen in blood in active stages of various diseases, including

-- Schizophrenia, Epilepsy, Poliomyelitis

South Dakota J. Med., Sept. 1952

-- Multiple Sclerosis

Ohio Medical Journal, July 1957

Stortbecker 1967:

--"Confirmation of the Rosenow antibody-antigen skin reaction in idiopathic epilepsy” (and “an encouraging regression of clinical and electro-encephalographic signs and symptoms ... observed in [epilepsy] patients, following removal of [infected] dental foci ...".)


ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN TESTSMultiple Sclerosis v. ControlPersons w/ Reactions in sq.cm. to I.D. injection of multiple sclerosis Antibody- Antigen-indicating no. indicating antibody

cases antigen --------------------- \/ \/ \/ \/ Type of strain: Multiple (Antibody/ Arthritis Sclerosis Antigen) (CONTROL) Not receiving ---------- ---- vaccine or 23 5.75 7.31 (0.786) 1.43 thermal antibody 20 6.25 8.07 (0.774) 2.15

Receiving antibody and vaccine 13 7.86 3.15 (2.495) 1.86

---------------------------------------------------------From ECRosenow 1957; modified to text SHShakman 1996


Hypodermic Syringe and Needle

Reported success of extravascular (IM or subcutaneous) autohemotherapy in a wide range of conditions may be viewed as added evidence of antigen in the blood.

Conversely, antigen in blood as directly shown by Rosenow may enable IM-reinjected blood to act as a therapeutic “vaccine”.

Technology enablingmodern autohemotherapy:

Autohemotherapy provides indirect evidence of antigen in blood


AlcoholismAllergiesAnemiaAnginaAppendicitisArthritisBronchitisCancerChoreaColitis, UlcerativeDiabetes Encephalitis

SOME DISEASES IN LITERATURE OF BOTH

EpilepsyErythemaEye DiseasesGlaucomaHayfeverHeadache Herpes simplex Herpes ZosterHypertensionInfluenzaIridocyclitisLeukemia Lung Disease

Mental IllnessMigraineMouth Infect.Multiple Sclerosis Nervous System Dis. Pancreatic DiseasePemphigusPneumoniaPoliomyelitisRheumatismStomach UlcerVirus Diseases

AUTOHEMOTHERAPY v. ROSENOW


Autohemotherapy for:• depression

[G. Giehm] Med.Klin. 30: 803-804, June 15, '34; and melancholia, [T. Lehoczky] Gy¢gy sezat 77: 344-347, May 30-June 6' , 37; [T. von Lehoczky] Psychiat.-neurol.Wchnschr. 39: 180-183, Ap 24, '37

• epileptics and insane[M. Mitlin & E. Posdniakov] Vrach.dielo 10: 502-504, April 15, 27

• mental diseaseschronic forms of [S. di Mauro] Cervello 12: 263-266, July15, '33; favorable results in [A. Hauptmann] Med.Welt 4: 1031-1033, July 19, '30; [E. Zara] Riforma med. 47: 330-5, '31; value in [G. Colucci] Morgagni 73: 1273-1282, July 5, '31; [C. Poli] Riv.sper.di freniat. 56: 664-679, Sept. 30, '32; [P. Durando] Osp.maggiore 21: 209-213, April '33; chronic; prelim. report. Reddick, R. H., J. AMER. INST. HOMEO. 43:10 (Dec. 1950), p. 263-9.

• schizophrenia[O. Freytag] Psychiat.-neurol.Wchnschr. 35: 322, July 1, '33; Magenau 35: 468, Sept.23, '33; [P. G. Quir¢s] Arch.de neurobiol. 313: 931-936, July-Dec. '33; [S. Cagilero] Studium 26: 73-76 April 1, '36

• psychiatry[Reddick, R.H.] Maryland M. J. 4:22-31, Jan. 1955; [Beelitz] Med.Welt 7:1330, Sept.16, '33


BLOODLETTING – Autohemotherapy?

GALEN 130-200 AD

an aggressive bleeder, and the most influential healer in

history.


Autohemotherapy’s Modern Origins

1890: SERUM THERAPY - BEHRING & KITASATO

1894: GILBERT OF GENEVA

1898: ELFSTROM - LEECHES

1901: VEZ - AUTOSERUM

1913: RAVAUT – AUTOHEMATOTHERAPY

EMIL BEHRING1854-1917


MEDLINE subject: BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATIONMEDLINE keyword: AUTOLOGOUS

PROJECTED AUTOLOOUS

1966 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004- -75 -79 -84 -89 -94 -99 -04 2009 Total BMT 1760 1524 2527 4988 7251

% autologous 11.6% 13.1% 14.5% 19.6% 27.3% 35.0% 42.7% 50.4% \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / autologous - % increase: 1.5 1.4 5.1 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT TRENDS ( towards autologous; towards use of blood, stem cells; ie autohemotherapy)

Trend: Increased Autologous Trend: Use of Stem Cells or Whole Blood


VACCINE-THERAPY RATIONALE

Regardless of all other considerations, if mental disorders are indeed caused by infections, therapeutic vaccines would logically appear to merit consideration

(e.g. Rosenow’s antigen/antibody,

or autohemotherapy, or ?)


VACCINE ORIGIN - JENNER

The first vaccination: Jenner induces cowpox in “experimental animal” (eight-year-old boy).


PASTEURPasteur found that injecting "attenuated" microbes may protect animals from future exposures to virulent ones.

Pasteur’s rabies therapy was apparently, in a sense, the first therapeutic vaccine.

Wright extended this concept to vaccine-therapy in general and therapy with autogenous vaccines.


- Spontaneous auto-inoculation, spontaneous cure (included exercise, massage, surgery)

-Artificial auto-inoculation: autogenous vaccines

- Small doses, widely spaced

- Inject in tissues, where antibodies formed

- Critical of serum therapy

VACCINE-THERAPY – THE WRIGHT STUFF

Sir Almroth Wright was a friend of Bernard Shaw and the acknowledged inspiration for “The Doctor’s Dilemma”


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 57 64 71 78

Autohemotherapy, etc.

Autogenous Vaccine-Therapy

E.C. Rosenow

AUTO-MEDICAL TRENDS

1902 - 1982Numbers of articles per year

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