copyright © 2002 by the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. 1 capítulo 2 el cerebro y el comportamiento
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1Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Capítulo 2
El cerebro y el comportamientoEl cerebro y el comportamiento
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El sistema nervioso
• Características clave del sistema nervioso– Complejidad– Integración– Adaptabilidad– Transmisión electroquímica
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El sistema nervioso
• Vías en el sistema nervioso– Nervios sensoriales– Nervios motores– Redes neurales
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El sistema nervioso
• Divisiones del sistema nervioso– Sistema nervioso central (SNC)– Sistema nervioso periférico (SNP)
• Sistema nervioso somático
• Sistema nervioso autónomo– Sistema nervioso simpático
– Sistema nervioso parasimpático
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Divisiones del sistema nervioso
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Neuronas
• Estructura de la célula especializada– Células gliales– Neuronas
• Cuerpo celular
• Dendritas
• Axón– Vaina de mielina
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Neuronas
• El impulso neural– Potencial de acción– Principio de todo o nada
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Neuronas
• Sinapsis y neurotransmisores• Transmisión sináptica
– Neurotransmisores
– Mensajeros neuroquímicos• Acetilcolina (ACh)
• AGAB
• Norepinefrina
• Dopamina
• Serotonina
• Endorfinas
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Neuronas
• Redes neurales
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Redes neurales
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Estructuras del cerebro y sus funciones
• Niveles de organización en el cerebro– Rombencéfalo
• Médula
• Cerebelo
• Puente
– Mesencéfalo• Formación reticular
• Tallo cerebral
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Estructuras del cerebro y sus funciones
• Niveles de organización en el cerebro– Prosencéfalo
• Sistema límbico
• Tálamo
• Ganglios basales
• Hipotálamo
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Estructuras del cerebro y sus funciones
• Corteza cerebral– Lóbulos
• Occipital
• Temporal
• Frontal
• Parietal
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Estructuras del cerebro y sus funciones
• Corteza cerebral– Corteza sensorial – Corteza motora– Corteza de asociación
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Estructuras del cerebro y sus funciones
• Los hemisferios cerebrales y la investigación del cerebro escindido – Cuerpo calloso
• Integración de la función en el cerebro
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El cuerpo calloso
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Investigación del cerebro escindido
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El sistema endocrino
• Hormonas
• Glándula pituitaria
• Glándulas suprarrenales
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El sistema endocrino
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Planos genéticos y evolutivos del comportamiento
• Cromosomas, genes y ADN– 46 cromosomas– Ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN)– Principio de los genes dominantes-
recesivos
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Células, cromosomas, genes y ADN
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Planos genéticos y evolutivos del comportamiento
• El estudio de la genética– Genética molecular– Crianza selectiva– Genética conductual
• Genética y evolución
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Crianza selectiva de Tryon