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Judah IsraelTishri-based Judah Israel

1048 1 Samuel 8:1-9 ↑ 1077 BCE Starts too late*Unspecified

April*-SeptemberOctober-MarchJanuary-March

1046 Possible range1045104410431042 2 Samuel 2:10-11 Ish-bosheth born (latest)10411040103910381037 2 Samuel 5:4 David born103610351034103310321031103010291028

1027 11 Samuel 13:1Antiquities VI:14.9

1026 2

1025 3 1 Samuel 13:1-31 Samuel 13:13-14

1024 41023 51022 61021 71020 81019 91018 101017 111016 121015 131014 141013 151012 161011 17

1010 18 1 Samuel 25:1Antiquities VI:13.5

1009 19 1 Samuel 27; 29:3

1008 1

30

-/1 20

40 2 Samuel 5:42 Samuel 2:11

1007 2 2 Samuel 2:10-111006 31005 41004 51003 61002 71001 8 2 Samuel 5:51000 9999 10998 11997 12996 13995 14994 15993 16992 17991 18

JeroboamRehoboam

Year (BCE)

Egyptian Kings(Pharaohs)

Assyrian Kings

Tyrian Kings

1047

Ashur-nirari IV

(interregnum)

Psusennes I(Akheperre-setepenam

un)

Smendes II

Babylonian Kings

21 st D. (Tanis) ↑

Amenem

ope(U

sermaatre-

setepenamun)

Ezekiel counts Nisan-based years of exile

Ages shown are for the king whose reign begins that year; ages are ordinal, i.e. '30' means '30th year' or '29 full years plus some months'

For Judah: 2 Kings , 2 Chronicles and Jeremiah use Tishri-based dating and count accession years

For Israel and Babylon: 2 Kings , 2 Chronicles and Jeremiah (except 52:28-30 ) use Nisan-based dating and count accession years

Daniel , Ezra , Haggai and Zechariah , and the Babylonian interpolation at Jeremiah 52:28-30 , use Nisan-based dating and do not count accession years

Shaded scriptures show events relative to another reign or other event, indicating likely time of year, or possible range of years; month names are approximate, i.e. 'April'=Nisan and 'October'=Tishri

* October-Septemberfor events based only

on Tishri years

Menkheperre

Shalmaneser II

Nabu-shum-libur

Ea-mukin-zeri (3 months)

General Notes

JW Chronology

Simbar-shipak

Marduk-ahhe-eriba (6 m

onths),M

arduk-zer- X

Syrian/Persian

-/1/2

Eulmash-shakin-shumi

-/1/2/--/1/2/-

21 st D. (Thebes) ↑

Ashur-rabi II

Kashshu-nadin-ahi

Adad-apla-iddina

2/-

David40 years

Saul40 years

(spurious)

Saul20 years

AgeIsh-bosheth

2 years(see comments)

-/1/2/-1/2/-

Year Year

Samuel already old before meeting Saul

Not assigned to specific years

Samuel dies

David hides at Gath 1 year & 4 months

1 Samuel 15:26

1 Samuel 16:1-131 Samuel 16:14-231 Samuel 17:55-581 Samuel 18:1-51 Samuel 18:9-111 Samuel 19-24

Saul "young" (unmarried) when meeting SamuelIsh-bosheth born (earliest)Length of reign asserted in Acts not consistent with ages and events of Samuel, Saul, Ish-bosheth and David

Saul dies in battleDavid ruled in Hebron 7½ yearsIsh-bosheth's reign may start just after Saul's death, towards end of 7½ years, or somewhere between; dash indicates year may be before (-/) or after (/-) his reign

1 Samuel 9:1-22 Samuel 2:10-11Acts 13:21

Comments

Saul's son Jonathan old enough to lead armySaul rejected as king for making a burnt offering

* "Starts too late" in the JW Chronology columns indicates inrelative terms that the reignshould start during the same yearas the previous king's final year; itdoes not refer to the assignmentof absolute years

David

David ruled Judah and Israel 33 years

Starts too late

Solomon

Age

Saul's reign begins

Saul rejected as king (again) for failing to kill Agag

After Saul rejected and before Samuel dies:* Samuel secretly anoints David* Saul orders "David, the son of Jesse" to play harp* Saul asks whose son David is (not in Septuagint )* David's 'covenant' with Jonathan (not in Septuagint )* Saul tries to kill David* David goes into hiding

Source



Year (BCE)


Assyrian Kings

Tyrian Kings Babylonian Kings

JW ChronologySyrian/Persian

AgeYear Year Comments

Age Source

990 19989 20988 21987 22986 23985 24984 25983 26982 27981 28980 29 2 Samuel 5:11979 30978 31977 32976 33 Nadab975 34974 35973 36972 37971 38970 39

1 Kings 11:421 Kings 2:36,391 Kings 14:21

968 21 Kings 2:39,461 Kings 5:1

966 41 Kings 6:1,37

965 5 1 Kings 9:11964 6963 7962 8961 9960 10959 11 1 Kings 6:38958 12957 13956 14955 15954 16953 17952 18 Elah951 19950 20949 21948 22

947 23 1 Kings 7:11 Kings 9:10-11

946 24945 25944 26943 27942 28941 29940 30939 31938 32937 33 adding 3 years

936 34935 35934 36933 37932 38931 39

930 401 Kings 11:40

Abijah

Temple construction begins; foundations completed (2nd month [May])

Asa

Jeroboam hides in Egypt until Solomon's death during reign of Shishak (Shoshenq)

Ignoresco-regency,

Jeroboam

Rehoboam

Ahab

Jehoshaphat

Baasha

Zimri,Omri/Tibni

Omri

Ninurta-kudurri-usur II

Ashur-resh-ishiII

969

967

Abibaal

Shirikti-shuqamuna (3 months)

Ninurta-kudurri-usur I

Osorkon (Akheperre-setepenre)

Har-Psusennes II

(Tjekheperre-setepenre)

Mar-biti-apla-usur

Pinedjem II

Siamun

(Netjerkheperre-setepenre)

Shoshenq I(Shishak/Hedjkheperre-setepenre)

Nabu-mukin-apli

Psusennes III

22 nd Dynasty

Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina

Hiram

IBaal-Eser I

Tiglath-Pileser II

David40 years

Solomon's house completedSolomon gave 20 cities to Hiram

Rehoboam born

Hiram provided timber and gold

Shimei ordered to remain in Jerusalem

Hiram provided Solomon with cedars

Hiram (king of Tyre) provided David with cedars

Death of Shimei

Temple completed (8th month [November])

Solomon40 years

3

140



Year (BCE)


Assyrian Kings



AgeYear Year

Comments

Age Source

1 Kings 12:2-31 Kings 12:1; 14:21Ezekiel 4:5

928 2 2 1927 3 3 2926 4 4 3925 5 5 4 1 Kings 14:25924 6 6 5923 7 7 6922 8 8 7921 9 9 8920 10 10 9919 11 11 10918 12 12 11917 13 13 12916 14 14 13915 15 15 14914 16 16 15913 17 17 16912 1 18 17 1 Kings 15:1-2911 2 19 18910 3 20 19 1 Kings 15:9-10909 1 21 20

908 2 Nadab2 years 1 22 21 1 Kings 14:20; 15:25

907 3 2 1 22 1 Kings 15:28,33906 4 2 23 Ahaziah905 5 3 24 1 Kings 22:42 Jehoshaphat born Starts too late Starts too late904 6 4 25903 7 5 26902 8 6 27901 9 7 28900 10 8 29 2 Chronicles 14:1,6 End of 10 years of peace in Judah899 11 9 30 1 year too long898 12 10 31897 13 11 32896 14 12 33895 15 13 34894 16 14 35893 17 15 36892 18 16 37891 19 17 38890 20 18 39889 21 19 40888 22 20 41887 23 21 42886 24 22 43885 25 23 44 1 Kings 15:18-21

884 26 Elah2 years 1 24 45 2 Chronicles 16:1

1 Kings 16:8883 27 2 1 46 1 Kings 16:10,15,21-22882 28 2 47

881 29 3 48 Insight 1, p. 388, 418880 30 4 49879 Phelles 31 5 50 1 Kings 16:22-23878 32 6 51 2 Kings 8:16 Jehoram (son of Jehoshaphat) born877 33 7 52 1 Kings 16:23 Samaria becomes Israel's capital876 34 8 53 Starts too late875 35 9 54874 36 10 55 2 Chronicles 16:1 See 884 BCE873 37 11 56872 38 1 12 57 1 Kings 16:29871 39 1

35 2 58 2 Chronicles 16:12 Asa gets sick870 40 2 3 59

869 41 3(1) 4 60 1 Kings 22:41-42

2 Chronicles 20:31

Jeroboam22 years

Start of Israel's 390 years of guilt

Jehoshaphat's sole reign began 4th year of Ahab

Jehoram(co-regent)

Asa pays Ben-Hadad to fight Baasha

Jeroboam returns from Egypt and reigns over IsraelRehoboam reigns over Judah

Athaliah

Jehoram

Ahab

JehoshaphatBegins co-

regencies late, adding 3 years

Jehu

Jehoram

Ahaziah

Jehoahaz

Jehoash

(durations uncertain)

Shamash-mudammiq

Ashur-dan II

Del eastartus

AbdastratusAstartus

Astarymus

Nabu-apla-iddina

Osorkon I(Sekhemkheperre-setepenre)

Shishak

929

Takelot I(Hedjkheperre-setepenre)

Ben-

Takelot I & Harsiese(Hedjkheperre-setepenamun)

Tukulti-Ninurta II

Nabu-shuma-ukin I

Adad-nirari II

Osorkon II &Harsiese

Abijah(aka Abijam)

3 years

Ithobaal I( Ethbaal)

Rehoboam17 years

Jehoshaphat (with Asa)

Asa41 years

Shoshenq II(Heqakheperre-setepenre)

Baasha attacks Judah; '36' may be a scribal error for '26'

Shishak (Shoshenq) attacks Jerusalem

Israel's guilt

Hadad

41

1

Ashurnasirpal II

(Ashur-nasir-pal)

Ashurnasirpal II reigned in the 9th century BCE

1

Baasha24 years

Omri12 years

Zimri (7 days)Omri

(rivaly with Tibni)

Ahab22 years

Ben-Hadad & H

adadezer



Year (BCE)


Assyrian Kings




Age Source

868 4 5 61867 5 6 62866 6 7 63865 7 8 64864 8 9 65863 9 10 66 1 Kings 16:31862 10 11 67 Against Apion , I, 123861 11 12 68 2 Kings 8:26 Ahaziah (son of Jehoram) born860 12 13 69 Insight 1, p. 388, 418859 13 14 70858 14 15 71 Starts too late857 15 16 72856 16 17 73

855 17Ahaziah2 years

(with Ahab)18 1 74

1 Kings 22:511 Kings 22:492 Chronicles 20:35

2(1)

853 19 20 76Monolith Inscription1 Kings 20:1-41 Kings 22:1-2

852 (1) 20 21 77

851 (2) 21 22 1 78

1 Kings 22:2,352 Kings 1:17

2 Kings 1:1; 3:1-4850 22 2 79849 23 3 80

848 24 4 81 Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser

847 1 25

32

5 822 Kings 8:162 Chronicles 21:5,20

846 2 6 83845 3 7 84844 4 8 85843 5 9 86842 6 10 87 2 Kings 8:15 Hazael becomes king

841 7 11 88 Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser

8 1

2 Kings 10:362 Kings 9:11-15,292 Kings 8:25-29 2 Chronicles 22:2,5-62 Kings 11:3

1 2 Kings 11:21 Jehoash born839 2 2 90 2 Kings 10:32

838 3 3 91Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser

837 4 4 92836 5 5 93835 6 6 94834 1 7 7 95 2 Kings 11:21-12:1833 2 8 96832 3 9 97831 4 10 98830 5 11 99829 6 12 100828 7 13 101827 8 14 102826 9 15 103825 10 16 104824 11 17 105823 12 18 106822 13 19 107821 14 20 108820 15 21 109819 16 22 110 2 Kings 14:2 Amaziah born

Jehoram8 years

89

Jehoram(with Ahab)

19 75

Jehu28 years

1

In his 11th year, Shalmaneser III at war with Hadadezer

In his 18th year, Shalmaneser III at war with Hazael

Jehu at war with Hazael

Ahab marries Jezebel, daughter of Ethbaal. Based on Ethbaal's age, unlikely to be earlier than indicated here.

Jehoram (son of Jehoshaphat) began sole reign 5th year of Jehoram (son of Ahab)

Ahaziah began reign late 841 or early 840 BCE11th year (Nisan-based) of Jehoram (son of Ahab)12th year (Tishri-based) of Jehoram (son of Ahab)Ahaziah wounded after joining Jehoram against HazaelAthaliah began reign before Tishri 840 BCE

Amaziah

Ignoresco-regency,

adding 24 years

Ahab and Ben-Hadad II involved in the Battle of KarkarBen-Hadad attacks AhabPeace between Israel & Syria for 3 years

Jehoash(co-regent)

Ignoresco-regency,

adding 12 years

Jeroboam

Azariah

In his 21st year, Shalmaneser III at war with Hazael

Jehoash

Jehoahaz

JehoashAhab

22 years

Hadadezer ( B

en-Hadad II) 18

Jehoram12 years

Marduk-zakir-shumi I

Baal-Eser II

Hazael

854

Shalmaneser III

840

Shoshenq III(U

sermaatre-setepenre/am

un)

Osorkon II(Usermaatre-setepenamun)

Ithobaal I( Ethbaal)

Ahaziah(aka Azariah,

Jehoahaz)1 year

(with Jehoram)

Athaliah6 years

Jehoram(with

Jehoshaphat)

Shamshi-

Adad V

Jehoash40 years

23 rd Dynasty

Hedjkheperre-setpenre Takelot II

Takelot II & Pedubast

Jehoshaphat25 years

22

Jehoshaphat unites with Ahab against Moab; Ahab killedJehoram (son of Ahab) began sole reign 2nd year of Jehoram (son of Jehoshaphat)King of Moab revolts against Jehoram after death of Ahab

2 Kings 3:1

Ahaziah began to reign 17th year of JehoshaphatJehoshaphat co-operated with Ahaziah to build ships

Jehoram (son of Ahab) began to reign 18th year of Jehoshaphat

12

Ashurnasirpal II reigned in the 9th century BCE

Ashurnasirpal II

(Ashur-Nasir-Pal)



Year (BCE)


Assyrian Kings




Age Source

818 17 23 111817 18 24 112816 19 25 113815 20 26 114814 21 27 115

2 Kings 13:12 Kings 13:3,22

812 23 2 117 2 Kings 12:6,17811 24 3 118810 25 4 119809 26 5 120808 27 6 121807 28 7 122806 29 8 123805 30 9 124 2 Kings 14:23 Azariah born804 31 10 125803 32 11 126802 33 12 127801 34 13 128800 35 14 129799 36 15 130

798 37 (1) 16 1312 Kings 13:10

797 38 1 17 1322 Kings 13:24-252 Kings 14:1,2

795 40 1

25 3 134

794 2 4 135793 3 5 1 136

792 4 6 2 137 Zechariah791 5 7 3 138 Shallum790 1 6

16 8 4 139 2 Kings 14:21 1 year added789 2 7 9 5 140 Menahem788 3 8 10 6 141 Amos 1:1787 4 9 11 7 142786 5 10 12 8 143785 6 11 13 9 144784 7 12 14 10 145783 8 13 15 11 146782 9 14 16 12 147

781 10 15 13 148 2 Kings 14:23780 11 16 14 149779 12 17 15 150778 13 18 16 151777 14 19 17 152776 15 20 18 153775 16 21 19 154774 17 22 20 155773 18 23 21 156 2 Kings 15:33 Jotham born772 19 24 22 157771 20 25 23 158770 21 26 24 159769 22 27 25 160768 23 28 26 161

767 24(1) 29 27 162

2 Kings 14:172 Kings 15:1,22 Chronicles 26:1,3

766 25 28 163765 26 29 164764 27 30 165763 28 31 166

762 29 32 167Amos 1:1 Ahaz

761 30 33 168

760 31 34 169 International Geology Review 42 p.657–671

759 32 35 170

Hazael attacks Jerusalem

Azariah

Jehoash(with Jehoahaz)

Jehoash (son of Jehoahaz) began to reign 37th year of Jehoash (son of Ahaziah), co-regent with Jehoahaz

Jeroboam began sole reign 15th year of Amaziah

Azariah began to reign at age 16

Jeroboam41 years

Earliest possible year of earthquake

Jotham

Includes Ahaz' rivalry with

Jotham, minus 4 years

Ignoresco-regency,

adding 11 years

Marduk-apla-usur

Spurious vacancy, adding

12 years

1

2

Jehoahaz was at war with Hazael throughout his reign

Jehoash at war with Syria during reign of Ben-hadad III

Jeroboam

Ignores Pekah's rivaly with

Menahem and Pekah's co-regency with

Pekahiah, adding 10 years

Pekahiah

Pekah

(interregnum)

Pygmalion

Pedubast (Usermaatre-setepenamun) & Iuput I

796

813

Shoshenq IV(H

edjkheperre-setepenre)

Pedubast

Osorkon III(Usermaatre-setepenamun)

?

Osorkon III &Takelot III

(Usermaatre-setepenamun)

Adad-nirari III

Ben-H

adad III

Marduk-bel-zeri

Ninurta-apla-X

Azariah(aka Uzziah)

(with Amaziah)

Rezin(possibly with Ben-Hadad III

during early part of reign)

Marduk-balassu-iqbi

Hazael

Shalmaneser IV

Pami

(Userm

aatre-setepenre/am

un)

Baba-aha-iddina

Azariah(aka Uzziah)52 years

Jehoash40 years

Takelot III

39

Ashur-dan III

Eriba-Marduk

Amaziah29 years

Jeroboam(with Jehoash)

Jehoahaz17 years

Jehoash16 years

22

Rudamun(Usermaatre-setepenamun)

Shoshenq V(Akheperre)

Shoshenq VI(Usermaatre-meryamun)

28

Jehu28 years

133

116

Amos prophesies during reigns of Uzziah & Jeroboam, 2 years before earthquake

Azariah began sole reign 27th year of Jeroboam, 15 years after Jehoash's death

Geological estimate for Amos' earthquake ±25 years



Year (BCE)


Assyrian Kings




Age Source

758 33 36 171 See previous757 34 37 172756 35 38 173755 36 39 174754 37 40 175

2 Kings 14:29; 15:82 Kings 16:2

752 25 th D. 39 1 177 2 Kings 15:13,17

751 40 2 178 Amos 1:1750 41 3 1 179749 42 1

25 4 2 180 2 Kings 15:32748 43 2 5 3 181747 44 3 6 4 182746 45 4 7 5 183

745 46 5 8 6 184 2 Kings 15:19-20Assyrian inscription

744 47 6 9 7 185743 48 7 10 8 186742 49 8 9 187

741 50 9 1 10 1882 Kings 15:23

740 51 10 2 11 1892 Kings 15:27Isaiah 6:12 Kings 16:20

738 12 13 191 Assyrian inscription737 13 14 192736 14 15 193735 15 16 194734 (1) 16

20 17 195 2 Kings 16:1,2733 (2) 17 18 196

1

2 Kings 15:9; 16:5-9Assyrian inscription2 Kings 15:291 Chronicles 5:26Isaiah 7:1, 8

731 (4) 19 1 20 198 2 2 Kings 15:30

730 Mattan II 1(5)

20 2 199 3

729Neo-Assyrian Rule

17 2(6) 3 200 4

Assyrian inscription

728 Tiglath-Pileser III 18 3(7)

(1) 4 201 5 2 Kings 18:1-2

727 19 0 4(8)

(2) 5 202 6

726 1 5(9)

(3) 6 203 7

725 2 6(10)

(4) 7 204 8 2 Kings 18:92 Kings 17:3-5

724 3 7(11)

(5) 8 205 9

723 4 8(12)

(6) 9 206 102 Kings 17:1

2 Kings 18:102 Kings 17:24

Assyrian inscriptionYears since fall of Israel

12(1)

Ahaz16 years

Zechariah began to reign 38th year of Azariah

Tiglath-Pileser III received tribute from Hiram IIHezekiah born

Pekah20 years

Menahem(rivalry with

Pekah)

Pekahiah2 years

(with Pekah)

Pekah & Rezin attack Jerusalem; Ahaz pays tribute to Tiglath-Pileser to kill RezinExiles taken by Tiglath-Pileser during Pekah's reign

Ephraim to be 'shattered within 65 years'

Jeroboam41 years

Hoshea

Pekahiah began to reign 50th year of Azariah

Spurious reign by Hoshea,

adding 10 years

Latest possible year of earthquake

Menahem began to reign 39th year of Azariah

Hezekiah

Pekah officially began to reign 52nd year of AzariahIsaiah starts prophesying

Menahem pays tribute to Pul (Tiglath-Pileser III)

Fall of Israel

In addition to the 50 years added to the

reigns for Israel, 18 years are

inserted between the

supposed end of Hoshea's

reign and the actual end of the Israelite

kingdom.The total 68

years corresponds to

the Watch Tower Society's

68-year discrepancy for

the Judean monarchy.

Ignoresco-regency,

adding 11 years

Ahaz

Hezekiah(with Ahaz)

0 95

Shalmaneser V

Shalmaneser V

Nabu-mukin-zeri

Bakenranef(Bocchoris)

Osorkon IV

( So/Akheperre-setepenamun)

Tefnakhte I

732

722

Hiram

II

Tiglath-Pileser III(Tilgath-Pilneser/

Pul)

739

Hoshea9 years

753

Piye

24 th Dynasty

Ahaz deposes Jotham

38

Rezin

Nabu-nadin-zeri,Nabu-suma-ukin II (1 month)

Nabonassar

Ashur-nirari V

Nabu-shum

a-ishkun

Zechariah6 months

Jotham(with Azariah)

Azariah(aka Uzziah)52 years

1152

Shallum (1 month)

Menahem10 years

Ithobaal II

11

190

41

18

1

(3)

Years for Ephraim

Inscription about Tiglath-Pileser's campaign mentions Hoshea

King of Assyria repopulates Samaria with people from BabylonSargon "besieged and conquered Samaria"

Hoshea killed Pekah 20th year of Jotham

4th year of Hezekiah is 7th year of HosheaHoshea conspires with Pharaoh So (Osorkon IV), Shalmaneser imprisons Hoshea; beginning of 3-year siege against Samaria

Jotham began to reign 2nd year of Pekah

19719

Ahaz deposes Jotham 17th year of Pekah

Ahaz born176

12th year of Ahaz is 9th year of Hoshea (despite many translations, "began" does not appear in original text)6th year of Hezekiah is 9th year of Hoshea

Hezekiah began to reign 3rd year of Hoshea

207

Pekah in rivalry with Menahem

Jotham16 years



Year (BCE)


Assyrian Kings




Age Source

721 1 10 208 12720 2 11 209 13719 3 12 210 14718 4 13 211 15717 5 14 212 16716 6 15 213 17

715 7 16 1

25

214 18 2 Kings 16:20Isaiah 14:28

714 8 2 215 19

713 9 3 216 20 Isaiah 20:1Assyrian inscription

712 10 4 217 21711 11 5 218 22710 12 6 219 23709 13 7 220 24708 14 8 221 25707 15 9 222 26706 16 10 223 27705 0 17 11 224 28704 1 12 225 29703 0 13 226 30

702 0 1 14 227 31

2 Kings 18:13-16Isaiah 36:12 Kings 19:8, 92 Kings 20:1,6Isaiah 38:52 Kings 20:12Isaiah 39:1

701 Bel-ibni 1 15 228 32700 2 0 16 229 33699 1 17 230 34698 2 18 231 35697 3 19 232 36696 4 1 20

12 233 37695 5 2 21 234 38694 0 6 3 22 235 39693 Nergal-ushezib 1 4 23 236 40692 2 0 5 24 237 41691 1 6 25 238 42690 2 7 26 239 43689 16 3 8 27 240 44688 17 9 28 241 45687 18 10 29 242 46686 19 11 243 47685 Sais Kings 20 12 244 48684 21 13 245 49683 22 14 246 50682 23 15 247 51681 24 0 16 248 52680 1 17 249 53679 2 18 250 54678 3 19 251 55677 4 20 252 56676 5 21 253 57675 6 22 254 58674 7 23 255 59673 Assyrian occupation 8 24 256 60672 26 th D. 9 25 257 61 Assyrian inscription671 10 26 258 62

670 11 27 259 63

2 Chronicles 33:11Assyrian inscriptionIsaiah 7:8Ezra 4:2

3334

31

24

2928

21

Hezekiah29 years

Manasseh

Marduki-apla-iddina II

( Merodach-B

aladan)

HezekiahSee previous

pageHezekiah(with Ahaz)

Sennacherib

Esar-Haddon

Sennacherib

Manasseh55 years

Marduk-zakir-shumi II(a few months),

Marduki-apla-iddina II

(Merodach-Baladan)

(9 months)

Ashur-nadin-shumi

Manasseh(with Hezekiah)

Sargon II

Mushezib-Marduk

Abd Melqart

Sargon II

Nekauba

Shabaka

Esar-Haddon

Elulaios

Shebi tku

Essarhadon

Sennacherib

Necho I

Baal I

Tirhakah/Taharqa

Tefnakht II

37

Manasseh taken captive by king of AssyriaManasseh pays tribute to Esar-HaddonExiles taken during reign of Esar-Haddon, 'within 65 years'

43

41

Esar-Haddon wounds Taharqa and rules over Egypt

39

36

11

4

38

14

32

22

13

25

8

35

2

7

5

1

20

16

30

18

23

17

19

45

40

52

5150

4748

46

49

12

9

42

44

Sennacherib attacks JudahTribute paid to SennacheribTirhakah (Taharqa, not yet Pharaoh) attacks AssyriaHezekiah gets sick, 15 years added

Merodach-Baladan writes to Hezekiah

2 Kings 21:1

Manasseh born; see 696 BCE

Sargon attacks Ashdod9th or 11th year of Sargon

3

6

Manasseh's co-regency with Hezekiah must begin before Tishri 694 BCE but no earlier than Tishri 697 BCE; see 641 BCE

2627

15

10

2 Kings 21:1



Year (BCE)


Assyrian Kings



AgeYear Year

Comments

Age Source

669 0 12 28 260 64 Assyrian inscription668 1 29 261 65 Assyrian inscription667 2 30 262666 3 31 263665 4 32 264664 5 33 265663 6 34 266662 7 35 267661 8 36 268660 9 37 269659 10 38 270658 11 39 271657 12 40 272656 13 41 273655 14 42 274654 15 43 275653 16 44 276652 17 45 277651 18 46 278650 19 47 279649 20 48 280648 21 0 49 281647 1 50 282646 2 51 283 2 Kings 22:1 Josiah born645 3 52 284644 4 53 285643 5 54 286642 6 55 287

641 7 1

22 288

640 8 2 289639 9 1 8 290 2 Kings 22:1638 10 2 291637 11 3 292636 12 4 293635 13 5 294634 14 6 295633 15 7 296632 16 8 297 2 Kings 23:36 Jehoiakim born631 17 9 298 2 Kings 23:31 Jehoahaz born630 18 10 299629 19 11 300628 20 12 301 2 Chronicles 34:8 Jehoahaz

Jeremiah prophesying 1 302

Jeremiah 1:2

Judah's guilt Ezekiel 4:6-7

626Sin-shumu-

lishir 0 22 14 2 303 1

625 1 15 3 304 2624 Nabopolassar 2 16 4 305 3

Manasseh

Amon born; see 641 BCE

Amon's reign must begin before Tishri 640 BCE but no earlier than Tishri 642 BCE; see 696 BCE

Amon

Josiah

Manasseh pays tribute to Ashurbanipal

Beginning of Jeremiah's prophesying

Eliakim

90

Josiah31 years

Josiah begins removing idols from Judea

Kandalanu

Amon2 years

1321

Shamash-shum

-ukin Manasseh55 years

627

Tantamani

Ashur-etil-ilaniAsenappar/

Ashurbanipal

Taharqa

Psamm

etichus I(W

ahibre/Psamtik I)

Aššurbanipal

Sin-shar-ishkun

Neo-Babylonian EmpireStart of Judah's 40 years of guilt

76

Taharqa revolts against Ashurbanipal

84

2 Kings 21:19

61

71

65

80

64

81

62

68

72

77

74

70

75

91

83

92

98

94

95

86

93

87

60

82

57

69

67

7978

73

53

96

97

66

88

63

2 Kings 21:19

89

5958

85

56

5455

626

621

612

598

553

529

515

Jehoahaz Jehoiachin

Neo-Babylonian empire Evil-merodach Labashi-marduk

Neriglissar

Assyrian kings Persian kings

Darius the Mede

←

604

597

587

582

590

Babylon's 70 years

Ashur-uballit→DariusSin-shar-ishkun

BardiyaCyrus

Nebuchadnezzar

609

608

Josiah

522

Cambyses

Jewish exile

Belshazzar

539

538

556

Nabonidus

605

Zedekiah

560

562

Jehoiakim

Nabopolassar



Year (BCE)


Assyrian Kings



AgeYear Year

Comments

Age Source

623 3 17 1 5 306 4 2 Kings 22:3, 8

622 4 18 2 6 307 5621 5 19 3 7 308 6620 6 20 4 8 309 7619 7 21 5 9 310 8618 8 22 6 10 311 9 Jehoiachin617 9 23 7 11 312 10 2 Kings 24:18 Zedekiah born616 10 24 8 12 313 11615 11 25 9 13 314 12614 12 26 10 14 315 13 2 Kings 24:8 Jehoiachin born613 13 27 11 15 316 14612 14 28 12 16 317 15 BM 21901 , 47611 15 29 13 17 318 16610 16 30 14 18 319 17

31Jehoahaz3 months 1

23

608 18 1 16

25

20 321 192 Kings 23:31-36

1

607 19 2 17 21 322 20 2 Gedaliah (governor)

606 20 3 18 22 323 21 3

605 21 0 4 19 23 324 22

BM 21946 , 1-7Jeremiah 45:1-5; 46:1-2Jeremiah 36:1Jeremiah 25:1-3BM 21946 , 10-11Jeremiah 36:9

4

604 1 5 20 325 23

Jeremiah 25:17-18, 29BM 21946 , 12-13Daniel 1:1,2

2 Kings 24:1

5

603 2 6 21 1 326 24Daniel 2:1

6

602 3 7 22 2 327 25 7

601 4 8 23 3 328 26Daniel 1:5BM 21946 , rev., 6-7 8

2 Kings 24:19

BM 21946 , rev., 8330 28 10

11

8 1

21

596 9 2 28 3 333 31 13595 10 3 29 4 334 32 14

594 11 4 30 5 335 33

Ezekiel 1:1-2

Jeremiah 28:1

Jeremiah 28:17Jeremiah 51:59

15

593 12 5 6 336 34 Ezekiel 8:1 16592 13 6 7 337 35 Ezekiel 20:1 17

Mattaniah

11

12

In addition to the 48 years

added to reigns for Judah, 20

years are inserted

between the supposed end of the Judean monarchy and

the actual fall of Jerusalem. The Watch Tower

Society introduced the discrepancy by placing the end

of the '390 years' of Ezekiel 4:5 in 607 BCE, 68 years before the actual end of the period,

539 BCE.

Ezekiel starts to prophesy 30th year after "Book ofthe Law" found in temple. See 623 BCEJeremiah refutes claim that exiles would return in 2 years (5th month [August])Hananiah dies (7th month [October])Prophecy against Babylon

"Book of the Law" found in temple (late 623 BCE)

Eliakim

Babylon captures Nineveh from Assyria

Babylon is World Pow

er 609 BCE - 539 BC

E

598

599

Necho II(Wehemibre)

Ashur-uballit II

17Assyrian Empire ended

597

600

Sin-shar-ishkun

609

?

Psammetichus II(Neferibre)

329

126

Nebuchadnezzar II

7

Nabopolassar

5

6

106

108

111

107

2 Kings 23:292 Chronicles 35:20;36:1Jeremiah 25:11

320

105

112

110

103

101100

102

121

99

109

104

113

119

118

115

114

116

18

26

130

124

128

127

129

2 Kings 24:2BM 21946 , rev., 9-10

Marauder bands sent by Nebuchadnezzar

2 Kings 24:12Jeremiah 52:282 Kings 28:18BM 21946 , rev., 12-13

2 Kings 24:8-11BM 21946 , rev., 11

Battle of CarchemishWarnings of imminent calamity [August/September]23rd year of Jeremiah's prophesying (continues until 587)

Nebuchadnezzar becomes kingFast proclaimed (9th month [December])

8th (7th regnal) year of Nebuchadnezzar, siege begins [December]

120

30

Jerusalem feels effects of Babylon's powerSiege on JerusalemAccession year of Nebuchadnezzar & 3rd regnal year of Jehoiakim (Nisan-based), captives taken [February]Jehoiakim pays tribute for 3 years

See Inset 2 (598 BCE – 597 BCE)

117

331

123

332

27

29

Jehoiakim refuses paying tribute after 3 yearsNebuchadnezzar's 4th year, early 600 BCE

*See footnote of Inset 1

End of training for children taken from JerusalemNebuchadnezzar attacks Egypt

Daniel* interprets dream 3rd (2nd regnal) year of Nebuchadnezzar

Nebuchadnezzar gathers army in Babylon

Exiles taken, including Jehoiachin(Zedekiah began reign 12th month [March] of Nebuchadnezzar's 8th [7th regnal] year)

125

122

19

Jehoiakim(aka Eliakim)11 years

Zedekiah(aka Mattaniah)

11 years

10

9

1

Josiah31 years

Jehoiachin3 months

27

Years of Jehoiakim paying tribute

25

24

2

18

Jews in exile1

15

Book of Law found

Years of Babylon's dominance

Josiah killed by Pharaoh NechoBabylon captures Harran from Assyria,becomes world power, 70 years beginJehoahaz imprisoned by Pharaoh Necho,installs Jehoiakim as king




Year (BCE)


Assyrian Kings



AgeYear Year

Comments

Age Source

591 14 7 8 338 36 18

590 15 8 9 339 37

2 Kings 25:1Jeremiah 39:1Jeremiah 52:4Ezekiel 24:1

19

589 16 9 10 340 38 20

588 17 10 11 341 39

Ezekiel 29:1;30:20;31:1Ezekiel 26:1Jeremiah 32:1

Jeremiah 37:5

21

11 40

Jeremiah 39:2Jeremiah 52:6,7Jeremiah 52:10-14,292 Kings 25:6-7Ezekiel 4:6-7

Gedaliah (governor)

122 Kings 25:8-9Jeremiah 1:3

5th month [August] - Temple destroyed, city burned, Gedaliah made governor

2 Kings 25:25Jeremiah 40:13; 41:1-2Jeremiah 44:30Zechariah 1:12

7th month [October]Gedaliah killedJeremiah prophesies against HophraSee 517 BCE

Ezekiel 33:21Ezekiel 32:1, 17

10th month [January]12th month [March]

2 23

Against Apion I:1.21Antiquities X:10.1

Siege against Tyre begins

585 20 2 2 2 14 344 3 24584 21 3 3 3 15 345 4 25583 22 4 4 4 16 346 5 26582 23 5 5 5 17 347 Jeremiah 52:30 6 27581 24 6 6 6 18 348 7 28580 25 7 7 7 19 349 8 29579 26 8 8 8 20 350 9 30578 27 9 9 9 21 351 10 31577 28 10 10 10 22 352 11 32576 29 11 11 11 23 353 12 33575 30 12 12 12 24 354 13 34574 31 13 13 13 25 355 Ezekiel 40:1 14 35573 32 14 14 26 356 15 36

572 33 15 15 27 357 Ezekiel 29:17-18 Prophecy against Egypt (1st month [April]) 16 37

571 34 16 16 28 358 17 38

570 35 17 17 29 359 18 39569 36 18 18 30 360 19 40

568 37 19 19 31 361 BM 33041VAT 4956

(Hophra allies with Babylonian army to challenge Amasis II - starting late 568)

20 41

567 38 20 20 32 362 21 42

566 39 21 21 1Sole reign of Amasis II 33 363

Ezekiel 29:13 '40 years of devastation' of EgyptAmasis' reign legitimised by marrying Hophra's daughter

22 43

565 40 22 22 2 34 364 23 44Yakinbaal 41Chelbes

563 Abbar 42 24 24 4 36 366 See Inset 4 (562 BCE – 556 BCE) 25 46562 0 43 25 25 5 37 367 26 47

561 1 26 26 6 38 368 2 Kings 25:27Jeremiah 52:31-34

27 48

560 2 0 27 27 7 39 369 28 49559 1 28 28 8 40 370 29 50558 2 29 29 9 41 371 30 51557 3 30 30 10 42 372 31 52

4Labashi-Marduk

2 months 0 0

1st (accession) year of Evil-Merodach,Jehoiachin released from prison (12th month [March 561])

22

24

1

25th year of exile, 14th year after temple destroyed

24th (23rd regnal) year of Nebuchadnezzar, exiles taken

See previous page

45

53


Prophecies against Egypt (February, April, June)Prophecy against Tyre10th year of Zedekiah is 18th (17th regnal) of NebuchadnezzarBreak in siege while Egypt attempts to assist

1

Zedekiah(aka Mattaniah)

11 years

Years ofTemple in ruins

1 1 13

Siege against Tyre

Years of Sabbaths paid

Jerusalem is denounced (annual fasts) 587 BC

E - 517 BCE

4th month [July]City walls breached, exiles takenZedekiah taken exile, sons killed

End of Judah's 40 years of guilt

586

587

Apries(Hophra/Haaibre)

Amasis II(Khnemibre)

3

161

160159

Apries & Amasis II

Neriglissar 165

31

343

373

157

11

Tyre under Babylonian

control

155

152

141

342

154

Eshbaal III(Ithobaal)

18

19

153

151

148

137138

Baal II

31

Nebuchadnezzar II

Cyrus II

Evil-Merodach

43

564

556

Mattan III &

Ger-Asthari

Baal-Eser III

143

134

142

32

23

163

158

162

136

166

23

156

146145

133


er 609 BCE - 539 BC

E

9th year of Zedekiah (10th month [December]), siege begins

150

Classical historians assign 9 months to Labashi-Marduk; contemporary financial records indicate 2 months

135

139

149

131

140

132

164

144

147

35 365



Year (BCE)


Assyrian Kings




Age Source

555 1 32 32 12 44 374 33 54554 2 33 33 13 45 375 34 55553 1 3 34 34 14 46 376 Daniel 7:1 35 56552 2 4 35 35 15 47 377 36 57551 3 5 36 36 16 48 378 Daniel 8:1 37 58550 4 6 37 37 17 49 379 38 59549 5 7 38 38 18 50 380 39 60548 6 8 39 39 19 51 381 40 61547 7 9 40 40 20 52 382 41 62546 8 10 41 41 21 53 383 42 63545 9 11 42 42 22 54 384 43 64544 10 12 43 43 23 55 385 44 65543 11 13 44 44 24 56 386 45 66542 12 14 45 45 25 57 387 46 67541 13 15 46 46 26 58 388 47 68540 14 16 47 47 27 59 389 See Inset 5 (539 BCE – 537 BCE) 48 69

15 17Babylonian

Empire endedDarius the Mede

(governor, a few weeks) (1)

0

2 Chronicles 36:20-21Isaiah 45:1Antiquities X:intro

Cyrus arrives (8th month [October])

182½ years from captivity of Israel until Cyrus’ 1st year

538 1

(High Priest)

49 49 29

2 Chronicles 36:21-23Isaiah 44:28Daniel 9:25Ezra 3:1Antiquities XI:1.1Leviticus 25:8Leviticus 26:18-35

Cyrus gives decree for Jews to return'Messiah' (Cyrus) decrees reconstruction of temple at end of 7 'weeks'Jews in Judah (7th month [October])

End of 49 years of Sabbath rest

50

537 2 50 30Ezra 3:8Against Apion IAntiquities XI:4.2

Reconstruction of temple begins (2nd month [May]) 51

536 3 31 Daniel 10:1 52535 4 32 53534 5 33 Ezra 4:5 Temple work slowed until reign of Darius 54533 6 34 55532 7 35 56531 Cyrus II 8 36 57530 9 0 37 58529 1 38 Ezra 4:6 Complaint to 'Ahasuerus' (Cambyses II) 59528 2 39 60527 3 40 61526 4 Ezekiel 29:13 End of '40 years' (Amasis II) 62525 5 Ezekiel 29:14 Egypt subject to Persian Empire 63524 6 64523 7 65

Bardiya (a few months) 0 8 Bardiya Ezra 4:7 660

521 1 Antiquities XI:3.1 Darius appointed 67

520 2

Antiquities XI:2.2Ezra 4:24Haggai 1:1,14-15;2:1,10Zechariah 1:1

Temple building resumes, 9 years after complaint to Cambyses 68

519 3Zechariah 1:7, 12 Vision (11th month [February]): angel

indicates future end of 70 years denunciation

69

518 4Zechariah 7:1-5 (9th month [December]): Sharezer and

Regem-melech ask about fasts70

517 5 Zechariah 1:12 Foretold end of 70 years denunciation516 6

515 7Ezra 6:15, 19 Temple completed (12th month [March])

Passover held (1st month [April])

Construction halted by 'Artaxerxes' (Bardiya)

Joshua(Jeshua)

171

390

28

175

169

177176

170

48

172

174

180

182½

181

168

173

60

182

Psammetichus III (Ankhkaenre)Egypt under Persian rule (27 th Dynasty)

Belshazzar(with Nabonidus)

48

Cyrus II

Nabonidus

Tyre under Persian control

Amasis II(Khnemibre)

Cyrus II

522

Mahar-Baal

539

Darius I

Hiram

III

Cam

byses II

70

Daniel 5:26-30

Daniel 9:1-2Ezekiel 4:5Daniel 11:1

167

179178


er 609 BCE - 539 BC

E

Babylon called to accountDarius captures Babylon, Belshazzar killed (7th month [17 September])Daniel discerns end of 70 yearsEnd of Israel's 390 years of guilt 49

Jerusalem is denounced (annual fasts) 587 BC

E - 517 BCE


Month Neo-Babylonian Kings Scriptures NotesNisan/

AccessionTishri/

Non-AccessionNisan/

Accession

Jan 605 Jeremiah 36:1 During Jehoiakim's 4th year, Jeremiah records warningFeb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun Jeremiah 46:2 (Necho II defeated by Nebuchadnezzar at Carchemish, [summer])

Jul

Aug (Nebuchadnezzar returns to Babylon to claim throne)Sep Jeremiah 25:1 1st year of Nebuchadnezzar is 4th year of JehoiakimOct

Nov

Dec Jeremiah 36:9 Fast proclaimed in Jerusalem (9th month [December])Jan 604

Feb

2 Kings 24:1

Daniel 1:1,2

Nebuchadnezzar besieges Jerusalem, Jehoiakim becomes tributary for 3 yearsDaniel* & others given as part of tribute [February], accession year of Nebuchadnezzar & 3rd regnal year of Jehoiakim

MarAprMay Daniel 1:5 (Possible beginning of training, allowing time for travel)JunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Jan 603 (Jehoiakim pays tribute [1 year])FebMar

AprDaniel 2:1Daniel 1:17

Daniel* interprets dream during 2nd regnal year of NebuchadnezzarDaniel known for interpreting dreams before end of three years

MayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Jan 602 (Jehoiakim pays tribute [2 years])FebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Jan 601 (Jehoiakim pays tribute [3 years])FebMarApr Daniel 1:5 Youths presented to Nebuchadnezzar after 3 full years of trainingMay (Nebuchadnezzar attempts to attack Egypt)Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan 600 2 Kings 24:1 Jehoiakim refuses to pay tributeFeb

Mar*The historicity of Daniel is disputed; the 'Daniel' character is likely used as a literary device, however the stated years of reign are consistent with other records.

Minim

um 3 years of training for D

aniel and others

JehoiakimInset 1 - 605 BCE – 600 BCE

Nebuchadnezzar's3rd (2nd regnal) year

Nebuchadnezzar's4th (3rd regnal) year

Jehoiakim pays tribute for 3 years before refusing

7th year

8th year

Nebuchadnezzar's5th (4th regnal) year

Nabopolassar's21st (20th regnal) year

Nebuchadnezzar's2nd (1st regnal) year

9th year

3rd year

5th year

Nebuchadnezzar's1st (accession) year

Nabopolassar's22nd (21st regnal) year

6th year

7th year

4th year 2nd year

5th year

4th year

6th year


Month Neo-Babylonian Kings Judean Kings Exile Scriptures NotesJan 598FebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec 2 Kings 24:8-10 8th year of Nebuchadnezzar, siege begins, Jehoiakim killedJan 597Feb 2 Kings 24:8,12

Jeremiah 52:28Exiles taken, including Jehoiachin

Mar(Zedekiah began reign 12th month [March] of Nebuchadnezzar's8th year)

AprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Month Neo-Babylonian Kings Judean Kings Exile Scriptures Notes

Dec 5902 Kings 25:1Jeremiah 39:1Jeremiah 52:4Ezekiel 24:1

9th year of Zedekiah, siege begins [December]

Jan 589FebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Jan 588FebMarApr Jeremiah 32:1 18th year of Nebuchadnezzar is 10th year of ZedekiahMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Jan 587FebMarAprMayJun

Jul Jeremiah 52:6-112 Kings 25:3-7

Famine, city walls broken, Zedekiah imprisoned, sons killed

Aug2 Kings 25:9Jeremiah 52:12-14,29Jeremiah 1:3

19th (18th regnal) year of Nebuchadnezzar, exiles taken, Jerusalem (including temple) destroyedEnd of Jeremiah's prophesying

Sep

Oct 2 Kings 25:25Zechariah 1:12

Gedaliah killed70 years of denunciation begins (temple destroyed)

NovDec

Jan 586 Ezekiel 33:21 Ezekiel learns of Jerusalem's destruction


12


Eliakim (Jehoiakim)


Jehoiachin3 months

Mattaniah (Zedekiah)Nebuchadnezzar's9th (8th regnal) year

Inset 3 - 590 BCE – 586 BCE

11

Zedekiah's 9th year

Zedekiah's 10th year

Zedekiah's 11th year

Gedaliah(governor)





2

1

9

10


Month Financial records Classical historians Exile Scriptures NotesJan 562FebMarMar/Apr(Adar II)AprMayJunJulAug

Sep Contemporary financial records for Nebuchadnezzar's final year consistent with Ptolemy, Berossus, Josephus and Polyhistor

Oct Josephus gives '18 years ' for Evil-Merodach; 18 months (1y 6m) is consistent with 2 years given by Ptolemy and Berossus

NovDec

Jan 561Feb

Mar2 Kings 25:27Jeremiah 52:31-34

1st (accession) year of Evil-MerodachJehoiachin released from prison

Apr Polyhistor gives '12', consistent with presumed regnal period of12 months

MayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Jan 560Feb

Mar Classical historians reduce reign of Evil-Merodach by about5 months

Mar/Apr(Adar II)

Neriglissar'saccession year

Josephus gives '40 years ' for Neriglissar; 40 months (3y 4m) is consistent with 4 years given by Ptolemy, Berossus and Polyhistor

AprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Jan 559FebMar

Apr 559 Neriglissar's 1st year Neriglissar's 2nd year 40Apr 558 Neriglissar's 2nd year Neriglissar's 3rd year 41Apr 557MayJun Classical historians reduce reign of Neriglissar by about 5 monthsJul Ptolemy and Polyhistor omit Labashi-Marduk's accession periodAugSepOctNovDec

Jan 556Feb

Mar Classical historians extend reign of Labashi-Marduk by about7 months

Apr Neriglissar's 4th year Classical historians align Nabonidus' accession period with NisanMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

• Ptolemy and Berossus count complete regnal years, plus one year for accession period• Ptolemy and Polyhistor omit reigns less than 12 months• Josephus counts complete and partial regnal years; only counts accession period if no regnal period• Polyhistor counts complete and partial regnal years, without accession period• Berossus, Polyhistor and Josephus give some reigns in months

Nabonidus'accession yearNabonidus'

accession year

Nebuchadnezzar's43rd regnal year

Evil-Merodach's 1st year

Neriglissar's 1st year

Neriglissar'saccession year

Neriglissar's 3rd year

Neriglissar's 4th year

Labashi-Marduk's accession year

42

Nebuchadnezzar's43rd regnal year

Evil-Merodach's accession year

Evil-Merodach's 2nd year

37

38

43

39

Labashi-Marduk's accession year


Evil-Merodach's accession year

Evil-Merodach's 1st year

Nebuchadnezzar's42nd regnal year

Nebuchadnezzar's42nd regnal year

36


Month Persian Kings Exile Scriptures Notes

Darius the Mede(governor)

2 Chronicles 36:20-21Daniel 5:26-30

Daniel 9:2

Darius captures BabylonBabylon weighed (called to account)Kingdom finishedBelshazzar killed Daniel discerns end of 70 years

NovDec

Jan 538FebMarApr 2 Chronicles 36:22-23 Decree by CyrusMayJunJulAugSepOct Ezra 3:1 Jews in JudahNovDec

Jan 537FebMarAprMay Ezra 3:8 Reconstruction of temple beginsJunJulAugSepOctNovDec

Cyrus' 1st year

Cyrus' 2nd year


60

Cyrus' accession year

Oct 539

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