copyright 2005 prentice hall1 bus 411 day 5. copyright 2005 prentice hall ch 3 -2 agenda assignment...
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Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall 1
Bus 411
Day 5
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -2
Agenda
Assignment # 1 Corrected 4 A’s, 4 B’s, 1 C and 1 F’s (non-submit) This is a 400 level course, the expectation is professional
quality work. Writing style should be appropriate for Business
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/pw/#sub6 KKD update Discussion on External Assessment
Opportunities and threats Assignment #2 assigned today
Due Feb 9
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -3
KKD update (2005)
CEO Scott Livengood fired Replaced by turnaround specialist Stephen Cooper
Quote from http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/P106124.asp “Sales have slowed considerably as Krispy Kreme has continued
to pursue a rapid growth strategy with little regard for generating returns and little concern about stealing sales from existing locations.”
Decided to move into New England markets “This transaction represents another step forward in Krispy
Kreme's restructuring process," said Steve Panagos, President and Chief Operating Officer of Krispy Kreme. "We believe that the New England region has significant growth potential and we look forward to continuing to serve this important market.“
http://www.google.com/search?oi=stock&q=stocks:KKD&prev=/search%3Fq%3DKKD%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLG,GGLG:2005-42,GGLG:en
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -4
Chapter Outline
The Nature of the External Audit
The Industrial Organization (I/O) View
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -5
Chapter Outline (cont’d)
Political, Governmental, and Legal Forces
Technological Forces
Competitive Forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -6
Chapter Outline (cont’d)
Porter’s Five-Forces Model
Sources of External Information
Forecasting Tools & Techniques
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -7
Chapter Outline (cont’d)
Global Challenge
The External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix
Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM)
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -8
It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change. –Charles Darwin
External Assessment
Nothing focuses the mind better than the constant sight of a competitor who wants to wipe you off the map. – Wayne Calloway, Former CEO, PepsiCo
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -9
External Strategic Management Audit
-- Environmental Scanning
-- Industry Analysis
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -10
Identify & Evaluate factors beyond the control of a single firm Increased foreign competition Population shifts Information technology
External Strategic Management Audit
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -11
Purpose of External Audit Identify
Opportunities Threats
External parts of SWOT
External Strategic Management Audit
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Key External Forces (5)
1. Economic forces
2. Social, cultural, demographic & environmental forces
3. Political, governmental & legal forces
4. Technological forces
5. Competitive forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -13
CompetitorsSuppliers
DistributorsCreditors
CustomersEmployees
CommunitiesManagers
StockholdersLabor Unions
Special Interest GroupsProductsServices
Key External Forces
Opportunities&
Threats
Key External Forces & the Organization
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -14
Gather competitive intelligence –
Social Cultural Demographic Environmental Economic Political, legal governmental Technological
External Audit
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -15
External Audit – Sources of Information
•Internet
•Libraries
•Suppliers
•Distributors
•Customers
•Competition
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -16
Internet Resources
www.redherring.com www.fastcompany.com www.business2.com online.wsj.com www.hovers.com www.ecommercetimes.com www.businessplanarchive.org/ www.informationweek.com/ www.thestandard.com cbs.marketwatch.com www.morningstar.com finance.yahoo.com
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -17
Performing External Audit
-- Key Factors Vary over time Vary by industry
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -18
Performing External Audit -- Variables
•Market share
•Breadth of competing products
•World economies
•Foreign affiliates
•Proprietary account advantages
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -19
Performing External Audit -- Variables
•Price competitiveness
•Technological advancements
•Interest rates
•Pollution abatement
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -20
Performing External Audit
External Factors
Measurable
Long-term orientation
Applicable to competing firms
Hierarchical
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -21
Industrial Organization (I/O) View
-- Industry factors more important than internal factors
Performance determined by industry forces
Hint: valueline has industry anaylsis
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -22
Economies of Scale
Industry Properties
Barriers to market entry
Product differentiation
Level of competitiveness
I/O Perspective Firm Performance
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -23
Economic Forces
•Availability and cost of credit
•Level of disposable income
•Interest rates
•Inflation rates
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -24
Economic Forces
•Money market rates
•Fed Gov’t deficits
•GDP trend
•Consumption patterns
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -25
Key Economic Variables
Value of the dollar in world markets
Worker productivity levels
Stock market trends
Foreign economic conditions
Unemployment trends
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -26
Key Economic Variables
Income differences by region/customer
Demand shifts for goods/services
Price fluctuations
Exportation of labor and capital
Import/Export factors
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -27
Key Economic Variables
Tax rates
Fiscal policies
OPEC policies
ECC policies
Monetary policies
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -28
Finding Economic Data
http://www.economagic.com/ http://www.econdata.net/ http://www.census.gov/econ/www/ http://www.bls.gov/home.htm http://www.bea.doc.gov/beahome.html
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -29
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Major Impact –
•Products
•Services
•Markets
•Customers
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Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
U.S. Facts
•Aging population
•Less Caucasian
•Widening gap between rich & poor
•2025 = 18.5% population >65 years
•2075 = no ethnic or racial majority
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -31
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Facts
•World population > 6 billion
•U.S. population < 300 million
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -32
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Population characteristics require global strategies
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -33
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Global trends
•2003 – China largest exporter to U.S.
•2003 - Asia receives highest foreign direct investment
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -34
Global trends
•China’s labor rates less than Mexico
•China provides more site location incentives than Mexico
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -35
Export Trends
•Mexico-exports to U.S. 1.2% growth (2002)
•China-exports to U.S. 19% growth (2002)
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -36
Export Trends
•Mexico-corporate income tax rate 34%
•China-corporate income tax rate 17%
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -37
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
•More educated consumers
•Aging population
•Minorities more influential
•Local rather than federal solutions
21st Century Trends
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -38
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces (cont’d)
•Fixation with youth decreasing
•Hispanics increase to 15% by 2021
•African American increase to 14% by 2021
21st Century Trends
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -39
Key Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Variables
Number of marriages & divorces
Number of special interest groups
Number of births & deaths
Immigration & emigration rates
Childbearing rates
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -40
Actuarial rates
Monitor KeyVariables
Per capita income
Attitudes toward business
Avg. disposable income
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -41
Consumer behavior
Monitor KeyVariables
Ethical concerns
Attitudes toward saving
Racial equality
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -42
Avg. educational level
Monitor KeyVariables
Governmental regulation
Attitudes toward customer service
Attitudes toward quality
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -43
Energy conservation
Monitor KeyVariables
Social responsibility
Leisure time values
Recycling
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -44
Waste management
Monitor KeyVariables
Air & water pollution
Ozone depletion
Endangered species
Social, Cultural, Demographic & Environmental Forces
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -45
Political, Government & Legal Forces
Key opportunities & threats Antitrust legislation Tax rates Lobbying efforts Patent laws
Government Regulation
Http://www.usdoj.gov
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -46
Political, Government & Legal Forces
Political variables impact – Formulation of strategies Implementation of strategies
Increasing Global Interdependence
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -47
Political, Government & Legal Forces
Strategists in a global economy -- Forecast political climates Legalistic skills Diverse world cultures
Increasing Global Interdependence
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -48
Political, Government & Legal Forces
Worldwide trend toward similar consumption patterns
Global buyers and sellers E-commerce Technology for instant currency transfers
Globalization of Industry
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -49
Key Political, Governmental, & Legal Variables
Special tariffs
Tax law changes
Political Action Committees
Voter participation rates
Regulation/deregulation
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -50
Key Political, Governmental, & Legal Variables (cont’d)
Environmental protection laws
Changes in patent laws
Equal employment legislation
Government subsidies
Number of patents
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -51
Key Political, Governmental, & Legal Variables (cont’d)
Import/export regulations
Global relationships
Political conditions
Location and severity of terrorist activity
Anti-trust enforcement
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -52
Technological Forces
Major Impact –
•Internet
•Communications
•Semiconductors
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -53
Technological Forces
Significance of IT
•Chief Information Officer (CIO)
•Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -54
Technological Forces
Essential for nearly every strategic decision
Technology-based issues
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -55
Competitive Forces
Collection & evaluation of data on competitors is essential for successful strategy formulation
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -56
Competitive Forces
Competition on virtually all industries can be described as intense.
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -57
Competitive Forces
•Strengths
•Weaknesses
•Capabilities
•Opportunities
•Threats
•Objectives
•Strategies
Identifying Rival Firms
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -58
Key Questions Concerning Competitors
Their objectives and strategies
Their weaknesses
Their responses to external variables
Their vulnerability to our alternative strategies
Their strengths
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -59
Key Questions Concerning Competitors (cont’d)
Entry and exit of firms in the industry
Our product/service positioning
Key factors for our current position in industry
Sales/profit rankings of competitors over time
Our vulnerability to strategic counterattack
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -60
Key Questions Concerning Competitors (cont’d)
The threat of substitute products/services
Nature of supplier & distributor relationships
Should we keep our strategies secret from employees and stakeholders?
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -61
Competitive Forces
•Moody’s Manuals
•Standard Corporation Descriptions
•Value Line Investment Surveys
•Dun’s Business Rankings
•Standard & Poor’s Industry Surveys
•Industry Week
•Forbes, Fortune, Business Week
Sources of Corporate Information
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -62
Competitive Forces
1. Market share matters
2. Understand what business you are in
3. Broke or not, fix it
4. Innovate or evaporate
7 Characteristics of most Competitive U.S. Firms:
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Competitive Forces
5. Acquisition is essential to growth
6. People make a difference
7. No substitute for quality
7 Characteristics of most Competitive U.S. Firms:
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -64
The Five-Forces Model of Competition
Potential development of substitute products
Rivalry among competing firms
Bargaining power of suppliers
Potential entry of new competitors
Bargaining power of consumers
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -65
The Five-Forces Model
Most powerful of the five forces Focus on competitive advantage of
strategies
Rivalry Among Competing Firms
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The Five-Forces Model
Barriers to entry are important Quality, pricing, and marketing can
overcome barriers
Potential Entry of New Competitors
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -67
The Five-Forces Model
Pressures increase when consumer’s switching costs decrease
Firm’s plans for increased capacity & market penetration
Potential Development of Substitute Products
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -68
The Five-Forces Model
Large number of suppliers & few substitutes affects intensity of competition
Backward integration can gain control or ownership of suppliers
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -69
The Five-Forces Model
Customers concentrated or buy in volume affects intensity of competition
Consumer power is higher where products are standard or undifferentiated
Bargaining Power of Consumers
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -70
The Global Challenge
Faced by U.S. Firms --
•Gain & maintain exports to other nations
•Defend domestic markets against imported goods
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -71
The Global Challenge
Simultaneously globally competitive & nationally responsive
Multinational Corporations (MNC’s)
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -72
The Global Challenge
Worldwide integration of:
Strategy formulation
Strategy implementation
Strategy evaluation
Globalization
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -73
The Global Challenge
Similar consumption patterns
Global buyers and sellers
E-commerce
Instant transmission of money & information
Globalization of Industries
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -74
Industry Analysis: The External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix
CompetitivePoliticalCultural
Technological
EnvironmentalSocial
Governmental
DemographicEconomic
Summarize & Evaluate
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5 Steps (Page 110-111)
1. List key external factors10-20 Opportunities then threats
Assign weights from 0.0 to 1.0 based on importanceSum of all weights across all factors = 1
Assign a rating from 1 to 4 for all factors where4 = the firm’s response is superior3 = the firm’s response is above avg2 = the firm’s response is average1 = the firm’s response is poor
1. Multiply the rating by the weight2. Sum the weighted scores
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -76
EFE – Gateway Computers (2003)
Key External Factors Weight RatingWtd
Score
Opportunities1. Global PC market expected to grow 20% in 2004
0.10 3 0.30
2. Cost of PC component parts expected to decrease 10% - 2004
0.10 3 0.30
3. Internet use growing rapidly 0.05 2 0.10
4. China entered WTO; lowered taxes for importing PC’s
0.10 1 0.10
5. The average income for PC worker has declined from $40K/yr to $30k/yr
0.05 3 0.15
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -77
EFE – Gateway Computers (2003) (cont’d)
Key External Factors Weight RatingWtd
Score
Opportunities (cont’d)6. Modernization of business firms and government agencies
0.05 2 0.10
7. U.S. (& world) economies recovering 0.05 3 0.15
8. 30% of Chinese population can afford a PC; only 10% of homes have a PC
0.05 1 0.05
Threats 0.10 1 0.10
1. Intense rivalry in industry 0.10 1 0.05
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -78
EFE – Gateway Computers (2003) (cont’d)
Key External Factors Weight RatingWtd
Score
Threats (cont’d)
2. Severe price cutting in PC industry 0.10 2 0.20
3. Different countries have different reg’s and infrastructure for PC’s
0.05 1 0.05
4. Palm & PDA becoming substitutes 0.05 3 0.15
5. Demand exceeds supply of experienced PC workers
0.05 4 0.20
6. Birth rate in U.S. declining annually 0.05 3 0.15
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -79
EFE – Gateway Computers (2003) (cont’d)
Key External Factors Weight RatingWtd
Score
Threats (cont’d)7. U.s. consumers and businesses delaying purchase of PC’s
0.05 2 0.10
8. PC firms diversifying into consumer electronics
0.05 3 0.15
Total 1.00 2.40
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -80
Total weighted score of 4.0 Organization response is outstanding to threats
and weaknesses
Industry Analysis EFE
Total weighted score of 1.0 Firm’s strategies not capitalizing on opportunities
or avoiding threats
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -81
Industry Analysis EFE
Understanding the factors used in the EFE Matrix is more important than the actual weights and ratings assigned.
Important --
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -82
Industry Analysis: Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM)
Identifies firm’s major competitors and their strengths & weaknesses in relation to a sample firm’s strategic positions
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -83
Steps to a CPM
Identify Critical Success Factors (CSF) Broad issues Internal and external (5 of each is a good mix)
Assign a weight to each CSF Must add up to 1
Assign a rating for your firm and each of your competitors 4 = major strength 3 = minor strength 2 = minor weakness 1 = major weakness
Multiply weight by rating Sum the weighted ratings and compare
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -84
Gateway Apple Dell
CSF’s Wt Rating Wt’d Score
Rating Wt’d Score
Rating Wt’d Score
Market share 0.15 3 0.45 2 0.30 4 0.60
Inventory sys 0.08 2 0.16 2 0.16 4 0.32
Fin position 0.10 2 0.20 3 0.30 3 0.30
Prod. Quality 0.08 3 0.24 4 0.32 3 0.24
Cons. Loyalty 0.02 3 0.06 3 0.06 4 0.08
Sales Distr 0.10 3 0.30 2 0.20 3 0.30
Global Exp. 0.15 3 0.45 2 0.30 4 0.60
Org. Structure 0.05 3 0.15 3 0.15 3 0.15
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -85
Gateway Apple Dell
CSF’s (cont’d) Wt Rating Wt’d Score
Rating Wt’d Score
Rating Wt’d Score
Prod. Capacity 0.04 3 0.12 3 0.12 3 0.12
E-commerce 0.10 3 0.30 3 0.30 3 0.30
Customer Serv 0.10 3 0.30 2 0.20 4 0.40
Price competitive
0.02 4 0.08 1 0.02 3 0.06
Mgt. experience 0.01 2 0.02 4 0.04 2 0.02
Total 1.00 2.83 2.47 3.49
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -86
Industry Analysis CPM
Just because one firm receives a 3.2 rating and another receives a 2.8 rating, it does not follow that the first firm is 20 percent better than the second.
Important --
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Ch 3 -87
Assignment two
Prepare a EFE and CPM for Google Bus 411 assignment two.doc
Due in February 9 Excel templates for both the EFE and CPM
are available in WebCT