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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

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Page 1: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 10 Lecture

Concepts of GeneticsTenth Edition

DNA Structure and Analysis

Page 2: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.1 The Genetic Material Must Exhibit Four Characteristics

Replication

Storage of information

Expression of information

Variation by mutation

Page 3: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.1

Page 4: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.2 Until 1944, Observations Favored Protein as the Genetic Material

Page 5: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Page 6: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.3 Evidence Favoring DNA as the Genetic Material Was First Obtained during the Study of Bacteria and Bacteriophages

10.3.1 Transformation: Early Studies

Page 7: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.2

Page 8: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 10.1

Page 9: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.3 Evidence Favoring DNA as the Genetic Material Was First Obtained during the Study of Bacteria and Bacteriophages

10.3.2 Transformation: The Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty Experiment

Page 10: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.3

Page 11: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.3 Evidence Favoring DNA as the Genetic Material Was First Obtained during the Study of Bacteria and Bacteriophages

10.3.3 The Hershey–Chase Experiment

Page 12: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.4

Page 13: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.5

Page 14: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.3 Evidence Favoring DNA as the Genetic Material Was First Obtained during the Study of Bacteria and Bacteriophages

10.3.4 Transfection Experiments

Page 15: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.4 Indirect and Direct Evidence Supports the Concept that DNA Is the Genetic Material in Eukaryotes

10.4.1 Indirect Evidence: Distribution of DNA

10.4.2 Indirect Evidence: Mutagenesis

Page 16: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 10.2

Page 17: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.6

Page 18: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.4 Indirect and Direct Evidence Supports the Concept that DNA Is the Genetic Material in Eukaryotes

10.4.3 Direct Evidence: Recombinant DNA Studies

Page 19: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.5 RNA Serves as the Genetic Material in Some Viruses

Page 20: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.6 Knowledge of Nucleic Acid Chemistry Is Essential to the Understanding of DNA Structure

10.6.1 Nucleotides: Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids

Page 21: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Page 22: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.7

Page 23: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.7a

Page 24: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.7b

Page 25: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.8

Page 26: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.6 Knowledge of Nucleic Acid Chemistry Is Essential to the Understanding of DNA Structure

10.6.2 Nucleoside Diphosphates and Triphosphates

Page 27: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.9

Page 28: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.6 Knowledge of Nucleic Acid Chemistry Is Essential to the Understanding of DNA Structure

10.6.3 Polynucleotides

Page 29: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.10

Page 30: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.10a

Page 31: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.10b

Page 32: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.7 The Structure of DNA Holds the Key to Understanding Its Function

10.7.1 Base-Composition Studies

10.7.2 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

Page 33: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 10.3

Page 34: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.11

Page 35: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Page 36: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.7 The Structure of DNA Holds the Key to Understanding Its Function

10.7.3 The Watson–Crick Model

Page 37: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.12

Page 38: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.12a

Page 39: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.12b

Page 40: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.12c

Page 41: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.13

Page 42: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.14

Page 43: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.8 Alternative Forms of DNA Exist

Page 44: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.15

Page 45: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.15a

Page 46: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.15b

Page 47: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.9 The Structure of RNA Is Chemically Similar to DNA, but Single Stranded

Page 48: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 10.4

Page 49: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.10 Many Analytical Techniques Have Been Useful during the Investigation of DNA and RNA

10.10.1 Absorption of Ultraviolet Light (UV)

10.10.2 Sedimentation Behavior

Page 50: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.16

Page 51: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.10 Many Analytical Techniques Have Been Useful during the Investigation of DNA and RNA

10.10.3 Denaturation and Renaturation of Nucleic Acids

Page 52: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.17

Page 53: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.10 Many Analytical Techniques Have Been Useful during the Investigation of DNA and RNA

10.10.4 Molecular Hybridization

Page 54: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.18

Page 55: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.10 Many Analytical Techniques Have Been Useful during the Investigation of DNA and RNA

10.10.5 Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH)

Page 56: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.19

Page 57: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.10 Many Analytical Techniques Have Been Useful during the Investigation of DNA and RNA

10.10.6 Reassociation Kinetics and Repetitive DNA

Page 58: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

C/C0 = 1/(1+kC0t)

Page 59: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

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Page 60: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Page 61: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Page 62: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

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10.10 Many Analytical Techniques Have Been Useful during the Investigation of DNA and RNA

10.10.7 Electrophoresis of Nucleic Acids

Page 63: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Lecture Concepts of Genetics Tenth Edition DNA Structure and Analysis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.20