copyright 2010, the world bank group. all rights reserved. other justice & governance agencies...

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.

Other Justice & Governance Agencies

Part 1

Crime, Justice & Security Statistics

Produced in Collaboration between World Bank Institute and the Development Data Group (DECDG)


General Overview

• We now move on to talk about all other agencies of justice and governance that have not been previously covered

• This is because many developing countries have set up other agencies to deal with justice and governance.

• Such agencies cover such topics as law reform, young persons issues, immigration, anti-corruption, elections and registration.

• It is important for all such agencies to • Produce and publish statistics• Follow the same statistical principles and classifications as those

already covered in previous Modules• In particular the common rules set out in Module 1 need to be

studied

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Structure of Module

Not all aspects of this Module will be needed by all countries. The following topics are covered:

1. Agencies for young people2. Agencies for Law reform3. Anti-corruption agencies4. Election Agencies5. Registration Agencies6. Immigration Agencies

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General principles for all justice and governance agencies

• Good statistics are essential for efficient running and for public accountability.

• The raw data for statistics will be the registers maintained by the different agencies.

• Statistics should be published in annual reports and collected volumes by the Central Statistical Office.

• Classifications should be the same as those by all other agencies (age, sex, geography, offence).

• Agencies should co-operate with each other in their statistical systems and sit on a central committee chaired by the CSO.

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General principles - Use of IT

• Good IT will enhance statistics that can be collected and analyzed

• However, statistics development should not wait on good IT

• Statistics collections, as described in this lesson can be carried out with existing technology, using manual returns

• PCs, with WORD, EXCEL, Internet explorer and OUTLOOK are perfectly adequate for most justice and governance statistics at present.

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General principles - IT training

• IT training for statistics should consist of basic understanding of EXCEL, ACCESS and WORD, rather than more complex packages such as SPSS

• The first priority is to record basic registers on EXCEL • Training is then needed in the use of the Internet• Finally ACCESS could be used for new collection

instruments

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Agencies for Young people – general

• Many developing countries recognize that children’s needs are different and have set up agencies to deal with vulnerable children: eg orphans, those who suffer from AIDS, those who have committed offences.

• These agencies often come under a separate ministry and are heavily dependent on donors’ grants.

• The process of management of these agencies usually consists of the maintenance of local and national registers to ensure that needs are known and grants and services are properly delivered.

• Some times these registers are on paper, but in many cases they are being placed on computers.

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Young People Statistics needs

There is a need to produce statistics to ensure effective running of these services for children.

Such statistics would be of the following types:1. Total number of children in need of services and changes over the

period2. Total provided with services during the year3. A return would be needed for each type of service provided: eg

health treatment, imprisonment in case of offending, accommodation, education, adoption.

4. Such data would be needed on a local and regional basis.

An example is given on the next slide.

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Data collection form

Office…. Year…..

Young people imprisoned for offences

Number of children at start of year

Number added during year

Number who left during year

Number at end of year

Theft

Assault

Sexual offences

Accomplices to adults in crime

Criminal damage

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UNODC publication on Statistics for Young People

• Details of collecting statistics on the crime situation of young people are very complex and cannot be covered in the space available here.

• However, there is a very useful publication, issued by UNODC: The document is called the UNODC/UNICEF Manual for the measurement of juvenile justice indicators and can be downloaded free from http://www.unodc.org/pdf/criminal_justice/06-55616_ebook.pdf

• It includes all that is needed for setting up a young person’s justice statistical system, including data collection instruments and suggestions for the use of EXCEL spreadsheets to make collection easier.

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Agencies for Law reform – general

Agencies for law reform exist in many countries. These areoften concerned with such issues as:

1. Improving legal structures to ensure effective investigation and prosecution of crime and treatment of offenders

2. Enhancing resources for justice, including better training for law enforcement staff

3. Ensuring more speedy conclusion of criminal trials4. Improving access to legal advice for offenders5. Ensuring better value for money in the justice system6. Ensuring new technology is used effectively to improve justice

deliveryEach country will set its own priorities for law reform and willusually set out a programme of changes that they wish to makeover a set period, often the next 5 years.

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Law reform Statistics

Statistics are needed for Law reform agencies. These will have severalpurposes:

1. To set a base-line for what work is needed2. To measure the effectiveness of the work of the law reform

agency in delivering change3. To press for more resources to complete their work4. To enable comparisons with other countries, both neighbouring

and more widely, as to how far the justice system divergences from internationally accepted norms.

5. To engage public discussion about the needs for continuing legal reform

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Statistics needed for legal reform

1. Base line studies a. Surveys of general population’s experience

b. Surveys of numbers of staff employed

c. Surveys of workload of police and courts.

2. Measuring effectiveness

Repeat of base-line study to show progress/change over period.

3. Pressing for more resources

Matching progress over previous period to future changes desired over the next period would enable resource estimates to be made.

4. International comparisons

Of specific indicators: Police/100,000; prison population rate; waiting time before trial; deaths in prison; prison overcrowding; average sentence length.

5. Public discussions Annual publication of specific indicators in an annual report of legal reform actions.

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Anti-corruption agencies

Many developing countries have set up anti-corruption agencies. Such agencies have various purposes, each of which needs statistics to show what needs to be done to:

1. Highlight the level of corruption2. Show how corruption varies by sector 3. Reduce the level of corruption4. Ensure those committing corruption offences are properly

prosecuted in the courts5. Educate and train the public and officials in ways of reducing

corruption.

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Statistics for anti-corruption

Purpose of Agency Statistics needed

Highlight level of corruption a. Public surveys of experience of corruption

b. Existing information such as from TI.

Show how corruption varies by sector

Public surveys of customers of various sectors (Health, Justice, Transport)

Reduce level of corruption Public knowledge of anti-corruption policies

Ensure prosecution of corrupt officials and businessmen

Percentage of cases discovered that are prosecuted within a given period

Educate and train the public , officials and businessmen

1. Number of people attending education and other events

2. Change in public behaviour as a result

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