copyright © 2011 alcatel-lucent. all rights reserved. inform: a dynamic interest forwarding...
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COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
INFORM: a dynamic INterest FORwarding Mechanism forInformation Centric NetworkingRaffaele Chiocchetti, Diego Perino, Giovanna Carofiglio - Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent
Dario Rossi, Giuseppe Rossini – Telecom ParisTech
ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Information-Centric Networking August 12th 2013, Hong Kong
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Forwarding in Named Data Networking
• Request forwarding is performed hop-by-hop by every node
• Data packets follow the reverse request path
close loop between nodes and content item copies
How to exploit off-path temporary item copies?
/BellLabs/ICN/talks/reality.avi
A
B
Interest
Interest
Interest
Interest
H/BellLabs/ICN/talks/reality.avi/chunk0
/BellLabs/ICN/talks/reality.avi/chunk0
/BellLabs/ICN/talks/reality.avi
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Two possible approaches:
Control plane protocols
To distribute information about mid-long term item copies
L.Wang,A.K.M.Hoque,ChengYi,A.Alyyan,andB.Zhang.OSPFN:AnOSPFbasedroutingprotocolfornameddatanetworking.Technicalreport,March2012.
Y.WangandK.Lee.Advertisingcachedcontentsinthecontrolplane:Necessityandfeasibility.InIEEEINFOCOM,NOMENWorkshop,2012.
Data plane forwarding schemes
To exploit short term content item availabilities
R.Chiocchetti,D.Rossi,G.Rossini,G.Carofiglio,andD.Perino.Exploittheknownorexploretheunknown?:hamlet-likedoubtsinicn.InACMSIGCOMMICN,2012.
C.Yi,A.Afanasyev,I.Moiseenko,L.Wang,B.Zhang,andL.Zhang.Acaseforstatefulforwardingplane.ComputerCommunications,2013.
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INFORM: a dynamic Interest FORwarding for Information Centric Networking
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INFORM design goals
i. To discover paths to temporary copies of a content item
ii. To forward requests for such content items towards the « best » interface
iii. To guarantee data delivery
iv. To limit the network overhead
Other relevant dynamic forwarding design goals not addressed by INFORM:
Congestion control over multiple paths
Implicit Cache coordination
…
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From a reinforcement learning framework …INFORM is inspired by Q-routing algorithm [a] implementing a distributed version of reinforcement learning
• everynodei storesdeliverytimeestimationsforallpossibledestinationnodesdthroughallpossibleneighborsv(i.e.Qvalues):
• Forwardingsteps:
1. Selecttheinterfacetotheneighboringnodev,towardsagivendestinationnodedwiththesmallestQvalue,Qi(d,v)
2. nodevrespondswithitsthe“best”Qvalue(i.e.bestdeliverytimeestimation)
3. UpdateQi(d,v)=(1-η).Qi(d,v)+η.(mink_in_neighbours(v)Qv(f,k)+rtti,v)
[a]J.A.BoyanandM.L.Littman.Packetroutingindynamicallychangingnetworks:Areinforcementlearningapproach.InAdvancesinNeuralInformationProcessingSystems6,pages671–678.MorganKaufmann,1994.
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…to INFORM!
INFORM is independently run by each node in the network, and works at content item granularity
Qi(f,v)storedateverynodeiforeverycontentf
Exploitationofupdatedstatistics
Explorationofavailableinterfaces
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Performance evaluation
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Simulation settings
Simulations run using the ccnSim simulator [a]
• NetworktopologyismodeledasanErdos-RenyigraphG(n,ρ)
• N=20 nodes, 8borderrouterswhereclientsareconnectedto
• 1contentserver
• 10^5contentitems
• Zipfpopularitydistributionwithα=1
Defaultparameters
• Connectivityρ=0.3
• Cache size c=15%
[a] http://www.telecom-paristech.fr/~drossi/ccnSim
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Parameters tuning
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Evaluation – Average packet download time
• Thedownloadtimedecreasesastheconnectivityincreases
• INFORM provide between 18-33% improvement w.r.t. min-delay path forwarding and 10-33% w.r.t. NDN scheme
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Evaluation – Average packet download time (cont'd)
• Deliverytimesharplydecreasesasthecachesizeuntiladditionalstoragecapacitydoesnotprovideanybenefits
• INFORM provide between 5-26% improvement w.r.t. min-delay path forwarding and 22-25%% w.r.t. NDN scheme
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Evaluation – Data overhead
• Data load decreases as connectivity increases for min-delay forwarding
• Dataloadfirstincreasesthendecreasesfordynamicforwardingschemes
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Evaluation – Data overhead (cont'd)
• Similar trend as for the connectivity case
• INFORMreducesnetworkoverheadw.r.t.NDNforwardingscheme
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Conclusions
• INFORM designed to discover and exploit temporary available content replicas and adapt request forwarding accordingly
• Performance evaluation shows INFORM outperform state of the art algorithms reducing the overhead w.r.t. other dynamic schemesOn-going and future work
• Analytical modeling of INFORM
• System-level design to support INFORM in high
speed devices
• Extensive simulations and experimental
evaluation with our prototype
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