copyright and math teaching jerry tuttle, fcas, cpcu 1
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COPYRIGHT AND MATH TEACHING
Jerry Tuttle, FCAS, CPCU
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May I play an audio clip in class?
.
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Photo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Orbison#mediaviewer/File:Roy_Orbison_(1965).jpg
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May I show this photo in class?
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Photo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton (1689 portrait)
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May I copy and distribute this graph in
class?
Social Security. CPI for urban wage earners and clerical workers http://www.ssa.gov/oact/STATS/cpiw_graph.html
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May I copy and distribute this journal
article in class?
Mathematics Teacher. September, 1990
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May I copy and distribute pages of a
book in class?.
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Outline
• Faulty copyright axioms.• Who owns the copyright?• Copyright owner’s exclusive
rights.• What is not subject to copyright?• Classroom & online uses.• Fair use; & so-called guidelines.• Websites & blogs.• Conclusion; References.
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Faulty Axioms
• You didn’t get caught, so it’s legal.• It’s on the Internet, so OK to copy.• It doesn’t say “Copyrighted”, so
OK to copy.• Cite the source, so OK to copy.• A teacher automatically has “fair
use”.• Law is absolute & unambiguous.
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Who owns the copyright?
• Creator when work is tangibly fixed.• No action required like ©.• Owner has 5 exclusive rights.• Rights last lifetime, + 70 years.• Copyright for digital and non-digital
work.• Physical ownership is not copyright.
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Copyright owner’s exclusive rights
• Make copies.• Make derivative works.• Distribute copies.• Perform publicly.• Display publicly.
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Not subject to copyright?
• Facts and ideas. • Public domain: Fed Govt; copyright
expired.
Or, just get permission• Ask for permission.• Owner may grant or license
permission.
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Creative Commons License
• Owner gives permission• Search creativecommons.org
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Classroom use – §110 (1)
• May perform or display copyrighted work.
• Those are 2 of 5 exclusive rights. • Must have legal copy.
.
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Online education §110 (2)
• Perform or display comparable to live classroom.
• Those are 2 of the 5 exclusive rights. • Limit to currently enrolled students. • Tech. to prevent students from
retaining. • Must have legal copy.
.
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Fair use §107
• Applies to all 5 exclusive rights.
• Purpose • Nature• Amount • Effect
• Assess all 4 factors.
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More on fair use
• Commercial use usually not fair use, unless transformative.
• Small amount used likely fair.• Economic harm likely not fair. • Multiple copies for teaching is not
infringement, per §107 !
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May I copy and distribute
this in class?
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Data: www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/bondsba01.shtml
Is #16 an outlier?
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May I copy and distribute
this in class?
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Data: www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/bondsba01.shtmlPhotos: coed.com/2011/03-25/barry-bonds-before-and-after-steroids-14-pictures
Is #16 explainable?
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So-called guidelines
• Publishers w vested interests produce guidelines.
• Charts, 10% rule, “brevity”, “spontaneity”.
• This is not the law.• Guidelines are not ceilings. Sufficient,
but not necessary?• One expert says, “The 10% rule is
fiction.”
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May I copy old AP exams and assign as homework?
• College Board’s site says: “For in-classroom use only ... do not assign them as take-home”
• But what about Fair Use?
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May I copy & distribute textbook pages?
• “No part of this publication may be reproduced … without prior permission of the publisher.”
• But what about Fair Use?
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Websites, blogs, etc.
• Link instead of copying Internet material.• Posting on website or blog is copying.• Perform fair use analysis.• Attribution not required. Couldn’t hurt • Companies do troll Internet for violations.
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Conclusions
• Most unauthorized use never discovered.• Large-scale copying is infringment.• Using your own work is always OK.• Why are we so risk-averse?• Have school statement reviewed by
lawyers.• Have someone available for copyright
questions.
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References• Copyright Clearance Center.
http://www.copyright.com/content/cc3/en/toolbar/education/resources/copyright_basics.html • Creative Commons. http://creativecommons.org • Digital Media Law. Linking to copyrighted materials. http://
www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/linking-copyrighted-materials
• Hobbs, R. (2010). Copyright Clarity. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin. • Stanford University Libraries. Copyright & Fair Use.
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/index.html • United States Copyright Office. Copyright law of the United States. Title17 of the U.S. Code. http://
www.copyright.gov/title17
• University of Texas. Copyright Crash Course. http://copyright.lib.utexas.edu/#
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