copyright © by holt, rinehart and winston. all rights reserved. lifestyle diseases chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Lifestyle DiseasesLifestyle Diseases

Chapter 14


Lifestyle Diseases—TRUE OR FALSE???Chapter 14

•Do you eat foods low in saturated fat and sugar, and high in fiber?

•Do you eat foods that are low in added salt and sugar?

•Do you get some form of exercise every day?

•Do you avoid tobacco products and smoky environments?

•Do you get a yearly physical exam?

•Do you use sunscreen when you’re outside?

•Do you eat at least 2 servings (each) of fruits and vegetables each day?


Lifestyle Diseases

ContentsContentsSection 1Section 1

Lifestyle and Lifestyle DiseasesLifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases

Section 2Section 2

Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases

Section 3Section 3

CancerCancer

Section 4Section 4

Living with DiabetesLiving with Diabetes

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Section 1Section 1

Lifestyle and Lifestyle DiseasesLifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases

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Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases

Bell ringer

1. Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise and make a crease. 2. At the top of one side, write the word “Healthy.” 3. At the top of the other side, write the word “Risky.” 4. List under each title the things people do that are either

healthy or risky to their health.

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RiskyRisky1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4. 5.5.

HealthyHealthy1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4. 5.5.


What Are Lifestyle Diseases?

1. Caused by:• unhealthy behaviors (controllable risk

factors)• other factors (uncontrollable risk factors)

2. Examples:• cardiovascular disease• many forms of cancer• diabetes

Chapter 14Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases



Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases

UncontrollableUncontrollable• age• gender• ethnicity• Heredity (family hx)

ControllableControllable

• diet and body weight

• daily levels of physical activity

• level of sun exposure

• smoking and alcohol abuse


Controllable Risk FactorsControllable Risk Factors


The bottom line…The bottom line…

When you know the factors that contribute to lifestyle diseases, you can make lifestyle choices now to reduce your chances of these diseases later in life.



Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases

What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs):1. the leading cause of death in the

United States

2. result from progressive damage (over time) to the heart and blood vessels

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Section 2Section 2

Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases

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The four main types of CVD are:

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1. high blood pressure (the “silent” killer)

2. Atherosclerosis(hardening / blockage of arteries)

3. stroke4. heart attack



BLOOD PRESSURE

• Definition: the force that blood exerts on the walls of a blood vessel

• HIGH BP weakens and injures blood vessel walls, leading to other cardiovascular diseases.

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ATHEROSCLEROSIS

• fatty materials (cholesterol & plaque) build up on artery walls

• Reduces and blocks blood flow• Breaks apart & releases clots

that cause strokes or heart attacks

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CHOLESTEROL (2 sources)


ATHEROSCLEROSIS



3. Stroke • blood flow to an area of the brain

is interrupted (blockage OR ruptured blood vessel)

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STROKE (signs & symptoms)

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RECOGNIZING A STROKE-NEW INFORMATION!!!Some doctors say that if a neurologist can begin treating a stroke victim within 3 hours they can totally reverse the effects of a stroke. The trick is getting the patient medically cared for within 3 hours, which is tough…….

Remember the 1st Three Letters: S-T-R

Some doctors say a bystander can recognize a stroke by asking three simple questions:

S Ask the individual to SMILET Ask the person to TALK and SPEAK A SIMPLE SENTENCE coherently (ex: “It is sunny out today.”)R Ask them to RAISE BOTH ARMS

New Sign of a Stroke: ask the person to STICK OUT THEIR TOUNGUE. If the tongue is 'crooked‘ or goes to one side or the other, that is also an indication of a stroke.

If they have trouble with ANY ONE of these tasks, call 911 immediately and describe the symptoms to the dispatcher.

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HEART ATTACK

• damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle

• often caused by a blockage of the coronary arteries that carry blood into the heart.

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Coronary artery blockage


Coronary artery stenosisw/ blood clot



Detecting and Testing for CVD

1.check your blood pressure 2.electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)3.ultrasound 4.angiogram

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1. Check your BP: monitors cardiovascular health and helps detect CVDs.• Blood pressures are given in the form

“Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure.”• Systolic pressure is the maximum blood

pressure when the heart contracts. • Diastolic pressure is the blood pressure

between heart contractions.• Normal BP is about 120/80

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2. electrocardiogram (EKG)• measures the electrical activity of

the heart3. ultrasound

• images of the pumping heart and heart valves

4. angiogram• injecting dye into the coronary

arteries to look for blockages


Angiogram of the heart


Cerebral angiogram with blockage

Where’s the

blockage?


Cardiac angiogram with blockage

Where’s the

blockage?



Preventing & Treating CVD

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• reducing saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt• maintaining healthy weight • avoid tobacco• do cardiovascular exercise regularly• monitor BP & cholesterol levels• reducing stress• Medications (low-dose aspirin, Rx, etc)• surgery (bypass, angioplasty, pacemaker,

transplant)


Section 3Section 3

CancerCancer

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Section 3 Cancer

What Is Cancer?

• 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S., after CVDs.

• Definition: uncontrolled cell growth(starts with genetic damage. When the genes that control cell growth are damaged, some cells begin to divide more rapidly than normal, forming tumors.) click here for video

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Section 3 Cancer

Tumors & the spread of cancer…1. Malignant tumor: a mass of cells that

invades and destroys normal tissue.

2. Benign tumor: an abnormal but usually harmless cell mass.

3. Metastasis: a process in which cancer cells break away from a tumor and travel to other parts of the body, creating new tumors.

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MetastasisMetastasis


Section 3 Cancer

What Causes Cancer?

1. Inheriting damaged or mutated genes can increase your chance of getting cancer.

2. Environmental effects—coming in contact with carcinogens (cancer causing agents) throughout your life

Ex: poor diet, smoking, sun overexposure, chemicals, etc

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Section 3 Cancer

Detecting Cancer

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• self-exams (skin, breast & testicle)

• x rays (ex: mammogram)• biopsies (tissue samples)• MRI• blood and DNA tests


Section 3 Cancer

Preventing Cancer

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1. Don’t smoke 2. Limit overexposure to UV radiation3. Eat less saturated fats 4. Eat more fruits, vegetables & fiber5. Exercise & maintain a healthy weight6. Get regular medical checkups


Section 3 Cancer

Treating Cancer

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1. surgery – removes tumor 2. chemotherapy – using

drugs to kill cancer cells3. radiation therapy – using

radiation to kill cancer cells4. strengthen the immune

system


Section 4Section 4

Living with DiabetesLiving with Diabetes

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Section 4 Living with Diabetes

Bell ringer

Name some foods that you eat that are high in sugar?

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What Is Diabetes?• Glucose: provides your cells with energy,

circulating through the body in the bloodstream.

• Insulin: a hormone produced in the pancreas that allows cells to remove (use) glucose from the blood.

• Diabetes: a disorder in which cells are unable to use (remove) glucose from the blood, resulting in high blood-glucose levels & high levels of harmful toxins.

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Types of Diabetes?

• Type 1 diabetes (juvenile onset):

• the pancreas does not produce enough insulin.

• Type 2 diabetes (adult onset):

• insulin is produced, but the body’s cells fail to respond to the insulin.

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Why is Diabetes harmful???

1. The body uses fat and protein instead of glucose for energy, causing a build-up of toxic substances in the blood that damages blood vessels & other tissues (and can lead to organ failure).

2. A diabetic coma is a loss of consciousness that happens when there is too much blood sugar and too many toxic substances in the blood.

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Section 4 Living with DiabetesChapter 14



Detecting Diabetes

• Early detection is important to avoid these severe complications:

• blindness• stroke• kidney disease• loss of lower limbs

• If you have symptoms of diabetes, see a doctor as soon as possible.

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Testing for Diabetes

• Urinalysis• Glucose-tolerance tests• Insulin tests

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Treating Diabetes• Type 1:

• keeping blood-glucose levels as close to normal as possible.• check blood-glucose levels several times a day and must learn to give themselves insulin injections.

• Type 2:• sometimes involves injecting insulin, but usually focuses on frequent exercise and a healthy diet with moderate amounts of sugar.

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Preventing DiabetesType 1 (juvenile onset):

• currently no way to prevent

Type 2 (adult onset):1. exercise regularly2. maintain a healthy weight3. eat a healthy diet4. avoid tobacco products5. reduce stress levels

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End of Chapter 14End of Chapter 14

copyright © by holt, rinehart and winston. all rights reserved. lifestyle diseases chapter 14

Documents

lifestyle diseases section

lifestyle diseases chapter

lifestyle choices

lifestyle diseasestrue

lifestyle diseases bell

cardiovascular diseases

cancer section

heart attack slide