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TRANSCRIPT
PEER FEEDBACK SHEETTo____________From___________Date__________
1. What I like about this piece of writing is ________________________________________________
2. Your main point seems to be _________________________________________________________
3.These particular words or lines struck me as powerful:Words or lines: I like them because:__________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________
4. But some things aren’t clear to me. These lines or parts could beimproved (meaning not clear, supporting points missing, order seemsmixed up, writing not lively):Lines or parts: Need improving because:__________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________
5. The one change you could make that would make the biggest improve-ment in this piece of writing is________________________________________________________________________________.
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Transparency 1: Peer Feedback Sheet
PEER FEEDBACK SHEET
To ____________ From ___________ Date __________
1. What I like about this piece of writing is ______________________________________________________________________________
2. Your main point seems to be _______________________________________________________________________________________
3. These particular words or lines struck me as powerful:Words or lines: I like them because:______________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ______________________
4. But some things aren’t clear to me. These lines or parts could beimproved (meaning not clear, supporting points missing, order seemsmixed up, writing not lively):Lines or parts: Need improving because:______________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ______________________
5. The one change you could make that would make the biggestimprovement in this piece of writing is
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company
o 1. Narrow the topic: Cut the topic down to one aspect that interests you and will
probably interest your readers.
o 2. Write the topic sentence. (You may wish to brainstorm or freewrite first.)
o 3. Brainstorm, freewrite, or cluster ideas for the body: Write down anything and
everything that might relate to your topic.
o 4. Select and drop ideas: Select those ideas that relate to your topic and drop
those that do not.
o 5. Group together ideas that have something in common; then arrange the
ideas in a plan.
o 6. Write your first draft.
o 7. Read what you have written, making any necessary corrections and additions.
Revise for support and unity.
o 8. Write the final draft of your paragraph neatly and legibly, making sure to indent
the first word.
o 9. Proofread for grammar, punctuation, spelling, and omitted words. Make neat
corrections in ink.
Transparency 2: Checklist for Writing an Effective Paragraph
CHECKLIST FOR WRITING AN EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPH
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Transparency 3: Checklist for Writing an Effective Essay
CHECKLIST FOR WRITING AN EFFECTIVE ESSAY
o 1. Narrow the topic in light of your audience and purpose. Be sure you
can discuss this topic fully in a short essay.
o 2. Write a clear thesis statement. If you have trouble, freewrite or brain
storm first; then narrow the topic and write the thesis statement.
o 3. Freewrite, brainstorm, or cluster to generate facts, details, and
examples to support your thesis statement.
o 4. Plan or outline your essay, choosing from two to three main ideas to
support the thesis statement.
o 5. Write a topic sentence that expresses each main idea.
o 6. Decide on a logical order in which to present the paragraphs.
o 7. Plan the body of each paragraph, using all you have learned about
support and paragraph development.
o 8. Write the first draft of your essay.
o 9. Revise as necessary, checking your essay for support, unity, and
coherence.
o 10. Proofread carefully for grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
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NOUNS
NOUNS are who and what words. They namepersons, places, things, animals, ideas, andactivities.
Persons: Ms. Caulfield, Mike, secretariesPlaces: Puerto Rico, Vermont, gas stationThings: sandwich, Sears, eyelashAnimals: whale, ants, zebraIdeas: justice, intelligence, humorActivities: manufacturing, discussion, tennis
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ouns
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PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS replace or refer to nouns or other pronouns.
My partner succeeded; she built a better mousetrap!This software is amazing; it alphabetizes and indexes.Everyone should do his or her best.
The word a pronoun refers to is its antecedent.
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ronouns
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VERBS
VERBS are the do-words of the language.
1. Action verbs tell what the subject does.2. Linking verbs link the subject with a
descriptive word or words.
Action verbs: buy, open, kiss, decide, flyLinking verbs: be (is, are, was, were),
act, appear, become, feel,look, seem
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erbs
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ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES describe or modify nouns orpronouns. They often tell what kind? howmany? which one?
Several green chairs arrived today.Jan is a careful proofreader.That lake is dangerous and deep.
A, an, and the are special adjectives called articles.
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djectives
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ADVERBS
ADVERBS describe or modify verbs, adjectives,or other adverbs. They often tell how, when,where, to what extent.
He proofreads carefully.The cartons are really heavy.This car handles exceptionally well.
Transparency 8:A
dverbs
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CONJUNCTIONS
CONJUCTIONS are connector words.
Coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
join two equal words or groups of words:
James is quiet but sharp.
He typed the report, and then he faxed it to London.
Subordinating conjunctions (such as after, because, if,
since, and unless) join one independent idea (clause) with
one dependent idea.
Note the punctuation.
When stock prices fall, gold prices rise.(comma)
Gold prices rise when stock prices fall.(no comma)
Transparency 9: Conjunctions
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PREPOSITIONS and INTERJECTIONS
PREPOSITIONS connect a noun or pronoun to other words. Aprepositional phrase contains a preposition (at, in, of, with, etc.), itsobject (a noun or pronoun), and any adjectives.
PREPOSITION OBJECTafter work
of themwithout a doubtunder the old porch stairs
INTERJECTIONS express strong feeling.
Hey! You left your credit cards in the phone booth.Oh, she did not properly format this letter.
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repositions and Interjections
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SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
A subject and a present tense verb agree if youuse the correct form of the verb with eachsubject.
I write we writeyou write you writeheshe write they writeit
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ubject-Verb A
greement
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on’t Let the SM
islead You
DON’T LET THE MI LEAD YOU
The light flicker .SINGULAR SUBJECT, SINGULAR VERB
The light flicker.PLURAL SUBJECT, PLURAL VERB
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Transparency 13:R
egular Verbs
REGULAR VERBS
in past tenseadd -d or -ed.
We decided.The frog jumped.
He outfoxed the fox.
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Transparency 14:Irregular V
erbs
IRREGULAR VERBS
change in irregular ways.
see saw seen
bring brought brought
take took taken
TO BE
HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THIS IMPORTANT VERB?
Present Tense
Past Tense
I amyou arehesheit
I wasyou werehesheit
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Transparency 15:T
he Verb To B
e
we areyou are
they are
we wereyou were
they were
is
was
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Reference Chart: TO HAVE
If the subject is the verb is If the subject is the verb is
1st person: I have 1st person: we have
2nd person: you have 2nd person: you have
he3rd person: she has 3rd person: they have
it
Transparency 16:R
eference Chart:To H
ave(P
resent Tense)
(present tense)
Singular Plural
}
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Reference Chart: TO DO
If the subject is the verb is If the subject is the verb is
1st person: I do 1st person: we do
2nd person: you do 2nd person: you do
he3rd person: she does 3rd person: they do
it
Transparency 17:R
eference Chart:To D
o(P
resent Tense)
}
Singular Plural
(present tense)
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Irregular Verbs
Simple Form Past Past Participlebe was, were beenbecome became becomebegin began begunblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtbuy bought boughtcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencome came comecut cut cutdive dove (dived) diveddo did donedraw drew drawndrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgiven
Transparency 18: Irregular Verbs
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Irregular Verbs (continued)
Simple Form Past Past Participlefreeze froze frozenget got gotten (got)give gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhave had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhold held heldhurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew knownlay laid laidlead led ledleave left leftlet let letlie lay lainlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put putquit quit quitread read read
Transparency 19: Irregular Verbs (cont.)
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Irregular Verbs (continued)
Simple Form Past Past Participleride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seenseek sought soughtsell sold soldsend sent sentset set setshake shook shakenshine shone (shined) shone (shined)sing sang sungsit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentspring sprang sprungstand stood stoodsteal stole stolenstrike struck struckswim swam swumtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told told
Transparency 20: Irregular Verbs (cont.)
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Irregular Verbs (continued)
Simple Form Past Past Participlethink thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understoodwake woke (waked) woken (waked)wear wore wornwin won wonwind wound woundwrite wrote written
Transparency 21: Irregular Verbs (cont.)
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Transparency 22: Verb Review Practice
VERB REVIEW PRACTICE
see
drink
compromise
find
draw
know
build
eat
write
hide
sleep
decide
speak
run
think
set
tell
type
sees saw seen
PresentTense
Third Person Singular(he, she, it) Past Tense Past Participle
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Coordinating Conjunctions
and means in additionbut, yet mean in contrastfor means becausenor means not eitheror means either, a choiceso means as a result
Transparency 23: Coordinating Conjunctions
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Common SubordinatingConjunctions
after even though whenalthough if wheneveras since whereas if so that whereasas though though whereverbecause unless whetherbefore until while
Transparency 24: Common Subordinating Conjunctions
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COMMON CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
consequently means as a resultfurthermore means in additionhowever means in contrastinstead means in place ofmeanwhile means at the same timenevertheless means in contrastotherwise means as an alternativetherefore means for that reason
Transparency 25: Common Conjunctive Adverbs
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3 THREE GOOD WAYS TO CORRECT
RUN-ONS AND COMMA SPLICES
1. Write two complete sentences.
The office overlooks Lake Michigan. Everyone loves the view.
2. Use a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, or so) and a comma.
The office overlooks Lake Michigan, so everyone loves the view.
3. Use a subordinating conjunction (although, because, if, since, when,and so on).
Since the office overlooks Lake Michigan, everyone loves the view.
Transparency 26: 3 Good Ways to Correct Run-Ons and Comma Splices
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Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
independent clause.Independent clause
; consequently,; furthermore,; however,; indeed,; in fact,; moreover,; nevertheless,; then,; therefore,
;
Option 4
Option 5
Subordinationafteralthoughas (as if)becausebeforeifsinceunlessuntilwhen(ever)whereaswhileAfter
AlthoughAs (as if)BecauseBeforeIfSinceUnlessUntilWhen(ever)WhereasWhile
dependent clause, independent clause.
Five Useful Ways to Join IdeasCoordination
, and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet
Independent clause independent clause.
Independent clause independent clause.
Independent clause independent clause.
Transparency 27: Five Useful Ways to Join Ideas
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Common Prepositions
about beside offabove between onacross by overafter during through(out)against except toalong for towardamong from underaround in untilat into upbefore like withbehind of without
Transparency 28:C
omm
on Prepositions
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Common Expressions withPrepositions
Expression Example
acquainted with He became acquainted with his duties.
addicted to I am addicted to chocolate.
agree on a plan They finally agreed on a sales strategy.
agree to (another’s proposal) Did she agree to their demands?
angry about or at (a thing) The subway riders are angry about (or at )
the delays.
angry with (a person) The manager seems angry with Jake.
apply for (a position) You should apply for this job.
approve of Does he approve of the proposed budget?
consists of The plot consisted of both murder and
intrigue.
contrast with The red letter contrasts nicely with the gray
stationery.
convenient for Is Friday convenient for you?
correspond with (write) My daughter corresponds with a pen pal in
India.
deal with How do you deal with friends who always
want to borrow your notes?
depend on He depends on your advice.
differ from (something) A diesel engine differs from a gasoline
engine.
Transparency 29: Common Expressions with Prepositions
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Transparency 30: Common Expressions with Prepositions (cont.)
Expression Examplediffer with (a person) On that point, I differ with the medical
technician.displeased with She is displeased with all the publicity.fond of We are all fond of Sam’s grandmother.grateful for (something) Jim was grateful for the two test review
sessions.grateful to (someone) We are grateful to the plumber for
repairing the leak on Sunday.identical with This watch is identical with hers.interested in George is interested in modern art.interfere with Does the party interfere with your study
plans?object to She objects to the increase in the state
sales tax.protect against This vaccine protects people against the
flu.reason with Don’t reason with a hungry pit bull.reply to Did the newspaper editor reply to your
letter?responsible for Omar is responsible for marketing.shocked at We were shocked at the damage to the
buildings.similar to That popular song is similar to another
one I know.specialize in The shop specializes in clothing for large
men.succeed in Gandhi succeeded in freeing India from
British rule.take advantage of Let’s take advantage of that two-for-one
paperback book sale.worry about I no longer worry about my manager’s
moods.
Common Expressions withPrepositions (continued)
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COMMA RULES1. COMMAS SEPARATE ITEMS IN A SERIES.
She ordered labels, diskettes, and paper.
2. COMMAS FOLLOW MOST INTRODUCTORY PHRASES, BUT NOT ALLPREPOSITIONAL PHRASES OF 2 - 3 WORDS.
To understand sales, you must like people.On Thursday we left for Thailand.
3. COMMAS SET OFF THE NAME OF A PERSON BEING ADDRESSED.
You must leave now, Bob.
4. COMMAS SET OFF APPOSITIVES EXCEPT THOSE OF ONE WORD.
The Rialto, a new theater, is on Tenth Street.My friend Bill is not here.
5. COMMAS SET OFF PARENTHETICAL EXPRESSIONS.
Laser printers are, as a rule, expensive.
6. COMMAS SET OFF ITEMS OF A DATE.
I arrived on Tuesday, March 18, 1998, and left on Friday.
7. COMMAS SET OFF ELEMENTS OF AN ADDRESS.
My boss moved from Portland, Oregon, to Boston, Massachusetts.
8. COMMAS SEPARATE TWO CONSECUTIVEADJECTIVES.
Jane is a gracious, competent receptionist.
Transparency 31: Comma Rules
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COMMA RULES (continued)
9.COMMAS SET OFF DEGREES AFTER A PERSON’S NAME.
Juanita Suarez, M.D., is my new boss.
10.WHEN A COORDINATING CONJUNCTION (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, or so) JOINS TWO INDEPENDENT IDEAS, A COMMA PRECEDES THE CONJUNCTION.
Mr. Lee is in conference, so I will take the call.
11.WHEN A SEMICOLON AND A CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB (therefore, nevertheless,however) JOIN TWO INDEPENDENT IDEAS, A COMMA FOLLOWS THECONJUNCTIVE ADVERB.
Mr. Lee is in conference; therefore, I will take the call.
12.WHEN A SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION (since, when, if, because) LINKS A DEPENDENT AND AN INDEPENDENT IDEA, A COMMA FOLLOWS THEDEPENDENT IDEA.
Since Mr. Lee is in conference, I will take the call.
13. IF THE SAME SENTENCE IS WRITTEN WITH THE INDEPENDENT IDEA FIRST,NO COMMA IS USUALLY NEEDED.
I will take the call since Mr. Lee is in conference.
Transparency 32: Comma Rules (cont.)
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APOSTROPHE REVIEW
Apostrophes for contractions: It’s a glorious day.I think we’ll go to the zoo.
Apostrophes for possessive Raoul’s calculator is the sizenouns: of a credit card.
Look at the ladies’ hats!
No apostrophes for plural These calculators are very small.nouns: Sherry races cars on Sundays.
No apostrophes for verbs: Peter races cars too.This umbrella leaks.
No apostrophes for possessive The red folder is yours, and thepronouns: green one is hers.
The monkey is ours; its face is sad.
Transparency 33:A
postrophe Review
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COMMONLY MISSPELLED WORDS
1. across 17. disapprove 33. interest
2. address 18. doesn’t 34. interfere
3. answer 19. eighth 35. jewelry
4. argument 20. embarrass 36. judgment
5. athlete 21. environment 37. knowledge
6. beginning 22. exaggerate 38. maintain
7. behavior 23. familiar 39. mathematics
8. calendar 24. finally 40. meant
9. career 25. government 41. necessary
10. conscience 26. grammar 42. nervous
11. crowded 27. height 43. occasion
12. definite 28. illegal 44. opinion
13. describe 29. immediately 45. optimist
14. desperate 30. important 46. particular
15. different 31. integration 47. perform
16. disappoint 32. intelligent 48. perhaps
Transparency 34: Commonly Misspelled Words
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COMMONLY MISSPELLEDWORDS (continued)
49. personnel 63. since
50. possess 64. speech
51. possible 65. strength
52. prefer 66. success
53. prejudice 67. surprise
54. privilege 68. taught
55. probably 69. temperature
56. psychology 70. thorough
57. pursue 71. thought
58. reference 72. tired
59. rhythm 73. until
60. ridiculous 74. weight
61. separate 75. written
62. similar
Transparency 35: Commonly Misspelled Words (cont.)