copyright prentice hall 2004 abnormal psychology fourth edition oltmanns and emery
TRANSCRIPT
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
Abnormal Abnormal PsychologyPsychology
Fourth EditionFourth Edition
Oltmanns and EmeryOltmanns and Emery
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
PowerPoint Presentation
Prepared By
Fred W. WhitfordMontana State University
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
Chapter 2Chapter 2Causes of Abnormal Behavior: A Causes of Abnormal Behavior: A
Systems ApproachSystems Approach
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:•any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;•preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;•any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• ParadigmParadigm
• Systems TheorySystems Theory– Multifactorial CausesMultifactorial Causes
– Biopsychosocial ApproachBiopsychosocial Approach
**OverviewOverview
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Case Study:Case Study:– Meghan’s Many HardshipsMeghan’s Many Hardships
**OverviewOverview
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• WitchcraftWitchcraft
• General Paresis and the Biological General Paresis and the Biological ParadigmParadigm– Biological ParadigmBiological Paradigm
• Kraft EbbingKraft Ebbing
**Brief Historical Perspective: Brief Historical Perspective: Twentieth-Century ParadigmsTwentieth-Century Paradigms
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Freud and the Psychodynamic Freud and the Psychodynamic ParadigmParadigm– The Psychodynamic ParadigmThe Psychodynamic Paradigm
• Psychoanalytic TheoryPsychoanalytic Theory– IdId
» Pleasure PrinciplePleasure Principle– EgoEgo
» Reality PrincipleReality Principle
**Brief Historical Perspective: Brief Historical Perspective: Twentieth-Century ParadigmsTwentieth-Century Paradigms
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Psychoanalytic TheoryPsychoanalytic Theory– Super EgoSuper Ego
» Defense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms
**Brief Historical Perspective: Brief Historical Perspective: Twentieth-Century ParadigmsTwentieth-Century Paradigms
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Psychology, Learning, and the Psychology, Learning, and the Cognitive Behavioral ParadigmCognitive Behavioral Paradigm– Cognitive Behavior ParadigmCognitive Behavior Paradigm
• Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning– Unconditioned StimulusUnconditioned Stimulus– Unconditioned ResponseUnconditioned Response– Conditioned StimulusConditioned Stimulus– Conditioned ResponseConditioned Response
• ExtinctionExtinction
**Brief Historical Perspective: Brief Historical Perspective: Twentieth-Century ParadigmsTwentieth-Century Paradigms
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Psychology, Learning, and the Psychology, Learning, and the Cognitive Behavioral ParadigmCognitive Behavioral Paradigm– Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning
• Positive ReinforcementPositive Reinforcement
• Negative ReinforcementNegative Reinforcement
• PunishmentPunishment
• ExtinctionExtinction
**Brief Historical Perspective: Brief Historical Perspective: Twentieth-Century ParadigmsTwentieth-Century Paradigms
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Free Will and the Humanistic Free Will and the Humanistic ParadigmParadigm– Humanistic ParadigmHumanistic Paradigm
• Free WillFree Will
• DeterminismDeterminism
**Brief Historical Perspective: Brief Historical Perspective: Twentieth-Century ParadigmsTwentieth-Century Paradigms
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• The Problem with ParadigmsThe Problem with Paradigms
**Brief Historical Perspective: Brief Historical Perspective: Twentieth-Century ParadigmsTwentieth-Century Paradigms
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• HolismHolism– HolismHolism
– ReductionismReductionism• MolecularMolecular
• MolarMolar
– Levels of AnalysisLevels of Analysis
**Systems TheorySystems Theory
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• CausalityCausality– The Diathesis-Stress Model and The Diathesis-Stress Model and
Multiple Risk FactorsMultiple Risk Factors• DiathesisDiathesis
• StressStress
• Risk FactorsRisk Factors
**Systems TheorySystems Theory
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• CausalityCausality– Equifinality and MultifinalityEquifinality and Multifinality
– Reciprocal CausalityReciprocal Causality• HomeostasisHomeostasis
**Systems TheorySystems Theory
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Research Methods: Research Methods: – The Correlational StudyThe Correlational Study
• Correlation CoefficientCorrelation Coefficient
• Reverse CausalityReverse Causality
• Third VariableThird Variable
**Systems TheorySystems Theory
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Developmental PsychopathologyDevelopmental Psychopathology– Premorbid HistoryPremorbid History
– PrognosisPrognosis
**Systems TheorySystems Theory
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• AnatomyAnatomy
• NeuroanatomyNeuroanatomy
• NeurophysiologyNeurophysiology
• NeuroscienceNeuroscience
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• The Neuron and NeurotransmittersThe Neuron and Neurotransmitters– NeuronNeuron
• SomaSoma
• DendritesDendrites
• AxonAxon
• Axon TerminalAxon Terminal
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• The Neuron and NeurotransmittersThe Neuron and Neurotransmitters– SynapseSynapse
• NeurotransmitterNeurotransmitter
• ReceptorsReceptors
• ReuptakeReuptake
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Neurotransmitters and the Etiology Neurotransmitters and the Etiology of Psychopathologyof Psychopathology– DopamineDopamine
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Further Thoughts:Further Thoughts:– Mind-Body DualismMind-Body Dualism
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Major Brain StructuresMajor Brain Structures– HindbrainHindbrain
• MedullaMedulla
• PonsPons
• CerebellumCerebellum
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Major Brain StructuresMajor Brain Structures– MidbrainMidbrain
• Reticular Activating SystemReticular Activating System
– ForebrainForebrain• Limbic SystemLimbic System
– ThalamusThalamus– HypothalamusHypothalamus
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Cerebral HemispheresCerebral Hemispheres– Left Cerebral HemisphereLeft Cerebral Hemisphere
– Right Cerebral HemisphereRight Cerebral Hemisphere
– Corpus CallosumCorpus Callosum
– VentriclesVentricles
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Cerebral HemispheresCerebral Hemispheres– Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex
• Frontal LobeFrontal Lobe
• Parietal LobeParietal Lobe
• Temporal LobeTemporal Lobe
• Occipital LobeOccipital Lobe
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Cerebral HemispheresCerebral Hemispheres– Major Brain Structures and the Major Brain Structures and the
Etiology of PsychopathologyEtiology of Psychopathology
– StrokeStroke
– Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s Disease
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• PsychophysiologyPsychophysiology– Endocrine SystemEndocrine System
• HormonesHormones– HyperthyroidismHyperthyroidism– Graves’ DiseaseGraves’ Disease
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• PsychophysiologyPsychophysiology– Nervous SystemNervous System
• Central SystemCentral System
• Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System– Somatic Nervous SystemSomatic Nervous System– Autonomic Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System
» Sympathetic Nervous SystemSympathetic Nervous System» Parasympathetic Nervous SystemParasympathetic Nervous System
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• PsychophysiologyPsychophysiology– Psychophysiology and the Etiology of Psychophysiology and the Etiology of
PsychopathologyPsychopathology
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Behavior GeneticsBehavior Genetics– GenesGenes
– ChromosomesChromosomes
– Behavior GeneticsBehavior Genetics
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Behavior GeneticsBehavior Genetics– Some Basic Principles of GeneticsSome Basic Principles of Genetics
• GenotypeGenotype
• PhenotypePhenotype
• Autosomal geneAutosomal gene
• PolygenicPolygenic
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Behavior GeneticsBehavior Genetics– Family Incidence StudiesFamily Incidence Studies
– Twin StudiesTwin Studies• Monozygotic (MZ) TwinsMonozygotic (MZ) Twins
• Dizygotic (DZ) TwinsDizygotic (DZ) Twins
• Concordance RatesConcordance Rates
• Shared EnvironmentShared Environment
• Nonshared EnvironmentNonshared Environment
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Behavior GeneticsBehavior Genetics– Adoption StudiesAdoption Studies
– Misinterpreting Behavior Genetics Misinterpreting Behavior Genetics FindingsFindings
– Genetics and the Etiology of Genetics and the Etiology of PsychopathologyPsychopathology• Individual DifferencesIndividual Differences
• Species-Typical CharacteristicsSpecies-Typical Characteristics
**Biological FactorsBiological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Basic Human Motivations and Basic Human Motivations and TemperamentTemperament– Evolutionary PsychologyEvolutionary Psychology
– Attachment TheoryAttachment Theory
– DominanceDominance
– TemperamentTemperament
**Psychological FactorsPsychological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Emotions and Emotional Emotions and Emotional SystemsSystems– EmotionsEmotions
• Learning and CognitionLearning and Cognition– ModelingModeling
– Cognition and Social CognitionCognition and Social Cognition• AttributionsAttributions
**Psychological FactorsPsychological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• The Sense of SelfThe Sense of Self– IdentityIdentity
– Self-controlSelf-control
– Self-efficacySelf-efficacy
**Psychological FactorsPsychological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Stages of DevelopmentStages of Development– Developmental StageDevelopmental Stage
• FreudFreud
• EriksonErikson
**Psychological FactorsPsychological Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Relationships and PsychopathologyRelationships and Psychopathology– Marital Status and PsychopathologyMarital Status and Psychopathology
– Social RelationshipsSocial Relationships• Self SupportSelf Support
**Social FactorsSocial Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Research Close-Up:Research Close-Up:– Marriage and Mental HealthMarriage and Mental Health
**Social FactorsSocial Factors
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004
• Gender and Gender RolesGender and Gender Roles– Gender RolesGender Roles
• Prejudice and PovertyPrejudice and Poverty
• Societal ValuesSocietal Values
**Social FactorsSocial Factors