coral-team 2001 winter presentation coral university of hawaii school of engineering...
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Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Coral University of HawaiiSchool of Engineering
Architecture Guido ZimmermannMarcel SchulerUniversity of applied siences Aargau, Switzerland
Engineering Sarah DiegnanStanford University, California
Constuction Chunyan GeStanford University, California
Owner Chad Green
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Design Considerations
Analysis:
Vision of a future school system
Information technology
Going wireless
Think-Tank
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Site informationClimate (Temperature and precipitation)
9595(temperature)(temperature)
5050(temperature)(temperature)
0.2inch/day(Precipitation)
•Finish foundation before Nov.
•Material suit for humid and warm weather.
HawaiiHonolulu
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
• Steel (Popular in Hawaii)• Concrete (A common material in Hawaii, easy to get)• Bamboo ( For small project, a nature material)• Plexiglass $20/SF (Plexiglass Roof)• Wood (Traditional material, cheap and easy to get)
Construction Material
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Site plan
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Design Loads• Dead Loads
Concrete Slab-38 psf
Steel Deck - 2.8 psf
Int. Partition-10 psf
Girders - 30 plf
Floor Beams – 20 plf
Columns – 50 plf
Misc – 12 psf
Exterior Clad –25 psf
• Live LoadCorridors - 100 psf
Offices - 50 psf
Classrooms - 50 psf
Auditorium - 50 psf
• Lateral LoadWind Design Speed 80 MPH
V = 105 kipsEarthquake – Zone 4
UBC ’97
• Unconsolidated sand/siltPiers to bed rockMat
Design Dead Load = 100 psf
Design Live Load = 70 psf
Lateral Load = Earthquake
18” Mat Foundation
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #1
Vision out of the site-context
Maximum flexibility
Exposure the center of the building
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #1
Floor 1
Floor 2
Floor 3
Faculty
School (Class. Lab)
Auditorium
Technical
Restroom
Circulation
Org
anis
atio
n M
odel
3D-M
odel
Gro
und
plan
Lege
nd
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #1Structural Option 1
• Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in-place • Lateral System – SMRF perimeter
with first floor concrete– Base Shear = 465 Kips
W18X40W14X60
W14X48
BeamsGirdersColumnsSMRFVierendeel TrussConcrete
Floor 1 Floor 2, 3
10 @ 11.5
Connection
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #1Structural Option 1
Gravity LateralLoad Paths
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #1Structural Option 1
Structural System with Architecture
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #1Structural Option 2
• Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in-place concrete slab• Lateral system – EBF Core
– Base Shear = 567 Kips
W14X40
6”X6” t=3/8”W14X43
BeamsGirdersColumnsEBFVierendeel TrussConcrete
W14X43
W14X30 W18X50
10 @ 11.5
Floor 1 Floor 2, 3
Connection
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #1Structural Option 2
Gravity LateralLoad Path
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #1Structural Option 2
Structural System with Architecture
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #1Structural Option 1,2
38 Foot CantileverVierendeel Truss – unbraced frame
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Equipment
Link-Belt HTC-8640 Hydraulic Truck Crane
Selection Criteria:
•Maximum load; Maximum reach
•Costs; Site accessibility
The Caterpillar 301.5 Hydraulic Excavator
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Plexiglass roof: Construction Method. The costs may go up $10,846. Excavated cost for sunken auditorium (20,000 cy) at about $40,000. Steel SMRF more labor-intensive than EBF
New-Solution #1
Construction Issues
EBFEBF(NPV)
SMRFSMRF(NPV) S1
$359,135
$559,521
$288,476
$449,436
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
NPV is the net present value
Structure budget
EBFEBF(NPV)
SMRFSMRF(NPV) S1
$3,485,310
$5,430,000
$3,892,251
$6,064,000
$0
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
$3,000,000
$4,000,000
$5,000,000
$6,000,000
$7,000,000
Total budget
Solution 1 – Construction Issues
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Solution 1: Schedule
New-Solution #1Structural Option 2
Milestone1: finished the foundation (Nov.25)
Building enclosed (Mar. 5)
The end of the project
(May. 20)
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #2
Two cubes: school-/faculty-block
Two vertical developments
Classrooms oriented to the seaside
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #2
Floor 1
Floor 2
Floor 3
Faculty
School (Class. Lab)
Auditorium
Technical
Restroom
Circulation
Org
anis
atio
n M
odel
3D-M
odel
Gro
und
plan
Lege
nd
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #2Structural Option1
Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in-place concreteLateral System – Shear Wall Core and Special
Concentrically Braced FramesCantilever – 16’
6”X6” t=3/8”
W14X30 W18X50
W14X48
W18X86
BeamsGirdersColumnsConcreteCantileverBracesShear Wall
Floor 1 Floor 2,3
12’ t=12”
14.5’ t=12”
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #2Structural Option1
Gravity Lateral
Load Path
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #2Structural Option 1
Structural System with Architecture
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #2Structural Option 2
Knee Braces Shear WallsTimber
Knee Brace
Tie Strap
Timber Columns
Anchor Strap
Wall
End WallRoof
Simple Structure
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
New-Solution #2Structural Option 2
Nail Couple Free body of Single sheet of Plywood
Nail Couple Resist M
M in Board Stud/JoistShear Force
Resisting Force
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Solution 2 – Construction Issues
New-Solution #2Structural Option1
Building is separated into 2 parts.
The auditorium is sunken into the ground assuming that it has been excavated.
Constructibility difficulties arise for sun protection. It is possible but increased costs.
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Solution 2 – Construction Issues
New-Solution #2
•Inflexible solar shading from aluminum lamella with different incline angles.
•Laminated coatings: vinyl films are used to provide nonmetallic color and long-lasting finish, and won’t aggregate heat in surrounding area.
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Solution 2 – Cost Estimate
New-Solution #2Structural Option1
1% 1%
16%
19%
1%
12%3%
24%
19%
4%
Foundations
Substructure
Superstructure
Exterior Closure
Roofing
Interior Construction
Conveying
Mechanical
Electrical
Site Work
Cost = $5.39M
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Solution 2 – Schedule
New-Solution #2Structural Option1
Milestone1: finished the foundation(Nov. 20)
Building enclosed (Mar. 10)
The end of the project
(May 22)
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Solution 2 – Timber
New-Solution #2Structural Option2
Advantage Disadvantage
Material cheap and easy to get
Overturning forces need deep foundation
A traditional structure in Hawaii
Decay and termite control
Combine the advantage of steel and wood structure
Separation of wood from Ground
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re - Design #1
Minimum intervention
Architectural division:new cube / existing building
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re - Design #1
Floor 1
Floor 2
Floor 3
Public (Cafe, Gym)
Faculty
School (Class. Lab)
Auditorium
Technical
Restroom
Circulation
Org
anis
atio
n M
odel
3D-M
odel
Gro
und
plan
Lege
nd
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #1Structural Option 1
Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in-place concrete
Lateral System – SMRF/Braced FrameTwo Separate buildings
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #1Structural Option 1Bridge
UBC 1633.2.11 Building Separation:All structures shall be separated from adjoining structures. Separation shall
allow for the displacement DM. Adjacent buildings on the same property shall be separated by at least DMT where DMT = Ö (DM1)
2 + (DM2)2
DM1and DM2and are the displacements of the adjacent buildings.When a structure adjoins a property line not common to the public way, that
structure shall also be set back from the property line by at least the displacement DMof that structure.
Hinge Connection
Rest on top
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #1Structural Option 1
Glass
Rigid Connection to New Building
Expansion Joint in between
Emseal (http://www.emseal.com/)
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #1Structural Option 2
Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in-place concrete
Lateral System – SMRF/Braced FrameTie Buildings Together
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #1Structural Option 2Bridge
UBC 1633.2.5 Ties and continuity:All parts of a structure shall be interconnected and the connections shall be capable of transmitting the seismic force induced by the parts being connected. As a minimum, any smaller portion of the building shall be tied to the remainder of the building with elements having at least a strength to resist .5CaI times the weight of the smaller portion.A positive connection for resisting a horizontal force acting parallel to the member shall not be less than .5CaI times the dead plus live load.
Elements must resist
.5CaIW = 79.2 kips
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #1Structural Option 2
Glass
Mullions – Rigid Connections
Braces – Simple Connections
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #1Structural Option1&2
Structural System with Architecture
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
• Underpinning foundation in the new part of the building
• The excavation is open excavation.
• We use standard wellpoint system to dewater the area prior to excavation.
Re-Design #1Structural Option1&2
Construction Issues
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
• Underpinning foundation
Re-Design #1Structural Option1&2
Construction Issues
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re - Design #2
Existing structure /new room organisation
Natural exposure of rooms
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re - Design #2
Floor 1
Floor 2
Floor 3
Public (Cafe, Gym)
Faculty
School (Class. Lab)
Auditorium
Technical
Restroom
Circulation
Org
anis
atio
n M
odel
3D-M
odel
Gro
und
plan
Lege
nd
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #2Structural Option
Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in-place concreteLateral System – SMRF/Concentrically braced
framesCantilevered area with Café underneath – 9’ clear
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #2Structural Option 1
Cantilever
Non- Composite Beam design – W44 X 230
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #2Structural Option 2
Simple Truss - still too large and does not meet architects standards
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #2Structural Option 3
Complex Truss - Carries the load like a bridge
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Re-Design #2
Structural System with Architecture
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Redesign #1 and #2 Cost Estimate
Total Cost: 935,000
Total CF of building: 76,000cf
Underpinning
Total Cost: 381,000
Total CF of building: 15,162cf
Big cantilever
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Sample IterationSolution 2
E
developed preliminary structure
C
Had a problem with cladding
A
Adjusted plans for sun protection
E
Had problem with columns
A
Decided to adjust wall instead of
columns- Produced 3D model
A
Developed Plans
A/E/C
Discussed cladding problem
in NetMeeting
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Decision MatrixSolution Pros Cons
SMRF Simple Design, symmetricFlexible, Central Circulation Quick to erect
CantileverNo reference to the locationCost more than EBF
EBF Core Lateral Load PathFlexible, Central Circulation More connection
Details, CantileverNo reference to the location Cost less
Shear Wall Core
Utilizes Stair-wellArrangement of the rooms analogous to utilization Easy material accessibility
Accidental TorsionRequire additional formwork
Timber
UnexploredArrangement of the rooms analogous to utilizationCost less when space is small
Fear of the unknownNot good for big space, need consider life cost
Architect Engineer Construction Manager
Coral-Team 2001Winter Presentation
Looking Ahead and Behind
BehindWe all did a good job of
informing each other when work would be done and then sticking to it
MSN Messenger is a great tool
Switzerland is 9 hours ahead of PST
AheadMore communication with work done
More interaction with Mentors/Owners
A tighter work schedule
3D/4D models