corbusier architecture

8/10/2019 corbusier architecture

1/19

Le Corbusier (1933)

Personal informationNationality S w iss / Fren ch

BornO cto ber 6 ,1 8 8 7 (1 8 8 7 -1 0 -0 6 )L a C h au x-d e-fo n d s,

S w itzerlan d

Died

A ug ust 2 7 ,1 9 6 5 (1 9 6 5 -0 8 -2 7 )(ag ed 7 7 )R o q uebrun e-C ap-M artin , Fr an ce

Work

Buildings

Villa S avo ye, Fr an ceN o tre D am e d u H au t,FranceB u ild in g s in

C h an d igarh , In d ia


2/19

Le C o rbu sier A Legen d , bo rn o n O cto ber 6 ,

1 8 8 7 is a S w iss -Fren ch arch itect, pain ter, an d

w riter and h elped in d evelo pm ent o f m o d ernarch itecture.

Le C o rbu sier d esig n ed h is firs t pro ject at th e

ag e o f nin eteen w ith a lo ca l arch itect.

H e stu d ied m o d ern bu ild in g co n stru ctio n

u n d er A u g u ste P erret in P aris

H e also w o rked in B erlin in th e arch itectu ra lo ffice o f P eter B eh ren s.

In 1 9 1 2 , after retu rn in g to h is h o m eto w n , h e

tau g h t arch itectu re in L platten iers

in d u strial art sc h o o l

W o rked w ith G erm an architect Jo sef H o ffm ann .

In 1 9 1 7 , Le C o rbu sier left h is h o m w to w n L aC h aux-d e-Fo n d s an d m o ved to Paris

In 1 9 1 8 h e lo st th e sig h t o f o n e eye, a

trau m atic even t, w h ich affected h is spatial

o rien tatio n .

In 1 9 2 2 , partnersh ip w ith P ierre J ean n eret.

INTRODUCTION


3/19

SOME OF THE FAMOUS BUILDINGS OF

LE CORBUSIER ARE

1 9 2 8 - Vil l a Savoye, Poissy-sur -Seine, Fr ance

1 9 1 2 - Vil l a Jea nn er et , Pa r is1 9 1 6 - Vil l a S chwob, Par is1 9 2 3 - Vil l a LaRoche/Vil l a Jeanner et , Par is

1 9 3 0 - Pav il l on Suisse, Cit Un iver s it a ir e, Par is

1 9 5 0 -1 9 5 4 - Chapel l e Not r e Dame du Haut , Ronchamp, Fr ance

1 9 5 2 -1 9 5 9 - Buil dings in Chandigar h, India (wit h Iannis Xenakis)o 1 9 5 2 - Pa l ace o f Just ice (Chandigar h)o 1 9 5 2 - Museum and Ga l l er y o f Ar t (Chandigar h )o 1 9 5 3 - Secr et ar iat Buil d ing (Chandigar h)o 1 9 5 3 - Gover nor 's Pa l ace (Chandigar h)o 1 9 5 5 - Pal ace of Assembl y (Chandigar h)o 1 9 5 9 - Gover nment Col l ege o f Ar t s (GCA) and t he Chandigar hCol l ege of Ar chit ect ur e(CCA)(Chandigar h)1 9 5 6 - Museum at Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India1 9 6 1 - Car penter Center f or t he Visual Ar t s , Har var d Univer sit y,Cambr idge, Massachuset t s, U nit ed St at es1 9 5 2 : The Secr etar iat at t he Unit ed Nat ions Headquar t er s, New Yor k


4/19

I t was Le Cor bus ier 's Vi l l a Savoye ( 1 9 2 9 1 9 3 1 ) ,wh i ch h e h a d been d evel o pin g t h r o u g h o u t t h e1 9 2 0 s .L e Co r bu s ier l if t ed t h e bu l k o f t h e s t r uct ur e o f f

t he gr ound, suppor t ing it by p i l o t i s r einf or cedc oncr et e s t il t s . Th ese pil o t is, in pr ov id ing t hes t r u ct u r al s u ppo r t f o r t h e h o u se, al l o wed h im t oel uc idat e h i s

n ex t t wo po in t s : a f r ee faade, meaning non-suppor t ing wal l s t hat coul d be designed as t hear chit ect wished, and an open f l oor pl an, meaning

t hat t he f l oor space was f r ee t o be conf igur edint o r ooms wit hout concer n f or suppor t ing wa l l s .

Th e seco n d f l o o r o f t h e Vil l a S avo ye in c l u d esl ong st r ips o f r ibbon windows t hat a l l owunencumber ed views of t he l ar ge sur r oundingyar d, an d wh ic h co n s t it u t e t h e f o u r t h po in t o f h issys t em.

Th e f i f t h po i n t wa s t h e r oo f ga r den t ocompensat e fo r t he gr een ar ea consumed by t hebuil ding and r epl acing it on t he r oof . A r ampr is in g f r o m g r o un d l ev el t o t h e t h ir d f l o or r o oft er r ace a l l ows f or an ar ch it ec t ura l pr omenadet hr ough t he s t r uct ur e. The wh it e t ubu l a r r a il ingr ecal l s t he indust r ia l "ocean-l iner " aest het ic t hatwas done by Le Cor busier

VillaSavoye


5/19

Drawing inspirationfro m th e d esig n o f early

2 0 th century m ach in ery

su ch as electricity

tu rbin es an d lo w -press u re

ven tilatin g fan s,h e

co n ceived a s pace th at

w o u ld be sim ilar in

fun ctio n ality an d d esig n

to a m ach in e, follo w in gh is a rch itectu ra l m an tra

o f "m ach in es fo r livin gTh e po lych ro m atic in terio r

co n tra sts w ith th e

prim arily w h ite exterio r.

Vertical circu latio n isfacilitated by r am ps as

w ell as stairs . Th e h o u se

fell in to ru in d u rin g

W o rld W ar II bu t h as sin ce

been resto red an d is o pen

fo r view in g .


6/19

Af t er Wo r l d War I ILe Cor bus ier wasl es s in t er es t ed i nar c h it ec t u r e o f t h e"Machine Age."

I n s t ead o fr ec t il inea rgeomet r ies, hisar ch it ec t ur e ismor e "pr imit ive" ands cu l pt ur a l .

O n a h il l , t h ismon ument alp il g image chur ch isa d r amat i c f o r mwit h t h e c on t r as t so f a dar k r o o f an dt he wh i t e-wash edwal l s o f r o ughmasonr y.

t he sout heastwher e t he t wocur ving wal l smeet ; r ight :above t he doorwher e t he t wocur ving wal l smeet (f acingeast

Chapelle Notre Dame

du Haut, Ronchamp,

FranceN o t r e D ame d u H a u t wast h o u gh t o f as a mo r e

ex t r eme des ign o f LeCo r bu s ier s l at e s t y l e.

The chapel is a s impl edesign wit h t woent r ances, a main al t ar ,

and t hr ee chapel sbeneat h t ower s .

A l t h o u g h t h e b uil d in g iss mal l , it is po wer f u l an dco mpl ex. The chapel is

t h e l at es t o f c h apel s att he s it e. The pr ev iouschapel was compl et el y

d es t r o yed t h er e d ur in gWo r l d Wa r I I .


7/19

Th e main par t o f t h e s t r u c t u r e c o n s is t s o f t wo c on c r et emembr anes separ at ed by a space of 6 '1 1 ", f or ming a shel lwhich const it u t es t he r oof o f t he bu il d ing . Th is r oof , bot hinsul at ing and wat ert ight , is suppor t ed by shor t s t r u t s,which f or m par t o f a ver t ical sur face of concr et e cover ed

wit h "gunit e" a n d wh i ch , in a dd it io n , br ace t h e wal l s o f o l dVosges s t one pr ov ided by t he f o r mer chapel wh ich wasdest r oyed by t he bombings .

These wal l s which ar e wit hout but t r esses f o l l ow, in pl an ,t he cur v il inear f or ms cal cul at ed t o pr ov ide s tab il it y t ot h is r ough masonr y. A space o f sever a l cen t imet er sbet ween t h e s h el l o f t h e r o o f an d t h e v er t ic al en v el o pe o f

t h e wal l s f u r n is h es a s ig n if ic an t en t r y f o r day l igh t . Thef l o or o f t h e c hapel f o l l o ws t h e n at ur al s l o pe o f t h e h il ld o wn t o war d s t h e a l t a r .

Cer t ain par t s , in par t ic u l ar t h o s e u po n wh ic h t h e in t er io ran d ex t er io r al t ar s r es t , ar e o f b eau t if u l wh it e s t o n e f r o mB o ur g o gn e, as a r e t h e a l t ar s t h emsel ves . Th e t o wer s a r econs t r uc t ed o f s t one masonr y and a r e capped by cemen t

domes . The ver t ical e l ement s of t he chapel ar e sur facedwit h mor t ar spr ayed on wit h a cement gun and t hen whit e-washed - bot h on t he in t e r ior and ext er ior . The concr et es hel l o f t he r oo f is l ef t r ough , j ust a s it c omes f r om t hef or mwor k. Wat er t ig h t n ess is ef f ec t ed by a b uil t -u p r o o f in gwit h an ex t er io r c l ad d in g o f al uminium. Th e in t er io r wal l sar e wh i t e; t h e ceil in g g r ey ; t h e ben ch o f A f r i can wo o dcr eat ed by Savina; t he communion b en c h is o f c as t ir o nmad e by t h e f o u n d r ies o f t h e L u r e

The bil l owing

r oof ofconcr et e was

pl anned t os l ope t owar dt he back,wher e a

f ounta in o fa b s t r a c tf or ms is

pl aced on t hegr ound. Wh enit r ain s , t h e

wat er comespo ur in g of ft h e r o o f a nd

d o wn o n t ot h e r a is ed ,

s l an t edc o nc r et es t r uc t u r es ,c r eat in g a

dr amat icn at u r alf o u n t a i n .


8/19

Chand iga r h , I nd ia

Dat e 1 9 5 3 t o 1 9 6 3

B u il d i n g Ty pe pa r l i amen t h o u s e

Co n s t r u ct io n S ys t em c as t -in -pl ac e c o n c r e t e

Cl imat e H o t

Co n t ex t u r b an , pl an n ed c it y

S t y l e Mo d eRN

N o t e s Cu r v ed c o n cr et e r o o f

f o r m ac c en t s b l o c kmassing.

On e o f t h e in t er es t in g po in t s t o c al l at t en t io n t o is t h e ad opt io n o f ac ir cul a r f o r m f or t he ha l l wh ich seems cont r a ry t o t he devel opment

of good acoust ics . The Ass embl y Hal l is made in a h y per b ol ic s h el lwit h an av er ag e t h ic k n es s o f 1 5 c m, c o n s t an t t h r o u g h o u t it s s u r f a c e,r esu l t ing in a ver y l ow cos t and a min imum o f weigh t (he r e t he

pr inc ipl e of indust r ia l cool ing t ower s has been appl ied t o t hear ch it ec t ura l int en t ions ). Th is s h el l d o es n o t t er min at e in ah o r iz o n t al b ut in a n o bl iq u e s ec t io n w h ic h s h a l l r ec eiv e a met al l ic

f r amewor k (a l uminum). Th is f r amewor k w il l beco me a ver i t ab l e phys icall abo r at o r y d es t in ed t o en s ur e t h e in t er pl ay of n at u r al l ig h t in g ,a r t if ic ial l ig h t in g , v en t il at io n an d ac o u s t ic -el ec t r o n i c mec h a n is ms .

High court ,Chandigarh


9/19


10/19

L o cat io n Zu r ic h , S wit z er l a n d

Dat e 1 9 6 3 t o 1 9 6 7

Bu i l d ing Typemuseum, exhibi t ionpav il ion

Co n s t r u ct io n S ys t em s it e-c as t co n c r e t e

Cl imat e c o l d t emper at e

Co n t ext s ubu r b an

S t y l e Mo d eRN

anodesHeidi Weber Mus eum.Co r b u 's l a s t b u i l d i n g ,des ign execut ed by G.J u l l i an , et a l . Fr ee

r o o f o v er b l o c kybui l d ing masses.

t he minu t e Cen t r e Le Cor bus ier in Zu r ich i s t wo cubes , des igned by Le

Co r b us ier h ims el f , wit h a r amp an d an u mb r el l a r o o f , al s o a l l s t eel . I t is a nex er c is e in mo d u l ar c o n s t r u c t io n el eg an t l y car r ied o u t u s in g en amel eds t eel pan el s a n d g l as s in f il l . Th e pl an s wer e o r ig in al l y d r awn f o r a h o us e

wh ic h was a l ways t h o u g h t o f as a n ex h ib it io n g al l er y as w el l . I t h a s pr o v ed

s u f f ic ien t l y f l ex ib l e t o b e u s ed f o r t eac h in g an d ex h ib it io n s ."

the Centre LeCorbusier, the Heidi

Weber Pavilion

Th e m o st pro m in en t arc h itectur al elem en t, th e ro o f,co n sists o f tw o sq u are parts, each sid e h avin g a s u rface

o f 1 2 x 1 2 m etr es Th e to ta l g r o u n d s u r fa ce m e as u r es 1 2

x 2 6 .3 m etres (8 6 ft), co n sistin g o f w eld ed m etal sh eets

an d h avin g a w eigh t o f 4 0 to n s. The ro o f w as

prefab ricated an d ther eafter, in the big g est po ssible

u n its, tran spo rted to the bu ild in g site, w h ere it w as

assem bled on the grou nd


11/19

The modul ar const r uct ion of t he cubes has

pr oven suf f icient l y f l exibl e t o accommodat evar ious uses, f r o m t h e h o u s e t h at t h e bu il d in gwas o r ig in al l y des ig n ed a s , t o t h e g al l er y itno w is an d was al ways env isaged as beco ming.Wit hin t he space avail abl e beneat h t heumbr el l a r oof , t he inner buil d ing can t ake ondif f er ent conf igur at ions

L e Co r b us ier 1 9 6 5A l s o k n o wn as t h e Cen t r e L e Co r b us ier , t h e

He id i Weber Pav il ion was c omp l et ed a f t erCor bus ier 's deat h and is n ow a (r a r el y open)museum and ga l l er y .

The st r uct ur e of t he buil d ing is in t wo par t s :f ir st , t wo cubes, wit h sides of enamel ed st eelpanel s and gl ass; above t hem, but

st r uct ura l ly separ at e, a massive gr ay st eelumbr el l a or par aso l .

. Th e tw o fin ally w eld ed parts o f th e ro o f w ere

then lifted to their fin al h eig h t (9 m etres (3 0 ft))

by a cr an e an d fixed o n th e pillar s. W ith th e fra m e

th u s co m pleted , th e co n structio n pro cess ben efited

fro m th e in d epen d en t ro o f pro tectio n w h ich w as atthat tim e alread y in its pro per pla ce


12/19

UNI TE D NA TI ONS HE A DQUA TE RS

Th e S ecretariat is a 3 9 sto ry bu ild in g

w ith an alu m in u m g rille to co n ceal

eq u ipm en t o n th e ro o f.

Th e n arro w en d w alls are o f w h item arble; th e o th er tw o elevatio n s are

su rfaced w ith g reen -tin ted g las s.

L e C o rbu siers U N bu ild in g is a typical

exam ple o f th e In t er n at io nal St yl e .


13/19

N A T I ON A L M USE UM OF N A T I ON A L A RT ,

TOKYO

The N M W A w as established on Jun e 1 0 , 1 9 5 9 .Th e m useum

exh ibits w o rks fro m th e R en aiss an ce to th e early 2 0 th cen tu ry,

m an y h avin g been acq u ired sin ce th e m u seu m 's o pen in g . Th e

m u seu m 's pu rpo se is to pro vid e th e pu blic w ith o ppo rtun ities to

appreciate w estern art.

Th e m u seu m is s q u are in plan w ith th e m ain bo d y o f th eg alleries raised o n piloti to first floo r level. Th e layo u t is

in flu enc ed by Le C o rbu sier's S an sk ar K end ra m u seu m in

A h m ed abad w h ich w as b ein g d esign ed at th e sam e tim e.

E n tra n ce fo r visito rs is at g ro u n d flo o r level via the 1 9 th

C en tu ry H all. Th is d o u ble h eig h t space is lit fro m ab o ve w ith a

n o rth g lazed pyram id al sk ylig h t in tersected w ith rein fo rced

co n crete beam s a n d a co lum n . O n th e oppo site sid e of th e h all

fro m th e en tran ce, th e as cen t to th e pain tin g s g allery is via a

pro m en ad e ram p w h ich affo rd s b etter view s o f R o d in 's

scu pltu res .


14/19

Rodin's "The Thinker"

near the entrance of

the National Museum

of Western Art.

The paintings gallery wraps around 19th Century Hall, the ceiling is

initially low but is raised to two storeys around the perimeter to display

the paintings. There are also balconies at this level that push back into

the 19th Century Hall to re-orient the visitor. Le Corbusier designed thepaintings gallery to be lit by natural daylight via four lighting troughs,

but these are no longer used and the galleries are now artificially lit.

Externally the building is clad in prefabricated concrete panels which sit

on U-shaped frames supported by the inner wall. The building generally

is constructed of reinforced concrete and the columns have a smoothconcrete finish.

After more than two years of construction the building opened on 10

June 1959.


15/19

Cit un iv er s i t a ir e was f ounded in1 9 2 1 t o p r ov ide acc ommodat ionan d s uppo r t f o r f o r eig ns t uden t s in Pa r is , wit h a number

o f r es i den t ia l pav il ions endowedby d if f er en t n at io n alco mmun i t ies . Le Cor bus ier wasco mmiss io ned by t h e Swissc o mmu n it y in t h e l at e 1 9 2 0 s .The pav il ion adher es t o Le

Cor bus ier 's 'f iv e po in t s o far c h it ec t u r e', b ut wit h a n u mb ero f devel opment s s ince t he VILLASAVOYE. Th e f r ee f acade andho r izon t a l windo w have become ac o n t in u o u s gl az ed c u r t ain wal l ,o n t h e s o u t h s id e o f t h e bu il d in g(above). Th e pi l o t is h aved ev el o ped f r o m t h in c o l u mn s t os i x mas s i ve r ein f o r c ed c onc r et e'dog -bones ' o r 't h ighs ' wit h t he irc h ar ac t er is t ic f ig u r e-o f -eig h tc r o s s s ec t io n t o wit h s t an d

winds .

19 12 - Villa J eanneret , Par is


16/19

Wh il e t h e c l ien tac c ept ed t h e s t u d en tr oo ms being r a ised in

mid a ir , t he pub l ics pac es wer e r equ i r edt o be o n t h e g r o u n d .The pl anacco mmo dat es t h em ina s epa r at e b l oc ks it t in g o n t h e ear t h ,

it s c u r vac eo u s f o r mc o n t r as t in g wit h t h es impl e s l ab o f t h es t u den tacco mmo dat ion

19 12 - Villa J eanneret , Par is


17/19

Museum at Ahmedabad Co mment ar y

"The museum is o n p il o t is t h r oughwh i c h t h e b u il d in g is en t er ed in t o a no p en c o u r t f r o m wh ic h a r a mp,

s imil a r l y o p en ed t o t h e s k y, l ea ds t o

t h e ex h ib it io n l ev el s . O n e en t er s t h emain l ev el in a n a ve o f s p ir a l s q u a r es

1 4 met r es w id e, c o n s i s t in g o f 7 x 7 ms t r u ct u r al bays . Al l pr ec au t io n s ar et aken agains t t he excess ive

t emper at u r e o f t he day . I t is assumedt h at v is it s t o t h e mu s eu m wil l b e

made pa r t icu l a r l y in t he even ing andn ig h t -t ime; t h ey wil l win d u p o n t h er o o f w hic h wil l o f f er a wo n der f u l l yf l o w er ed s u r f a c e f o r med by mo r e

t h a n 4 5 b as in s , o f 5 0 s q u a r e met er seac h , al l f il l ed wit h wat er t o a d ept ho f 4 0 cm."

Deta il sTh e pil o t i h eig h t is 3 .4 0 met er s , wh il e

t h e wid t h b et ween pil o t is i s 2 . 5 0met er s . The ceil ing he igh t is 3 .4 0met er s , and t he bu il d ing s ides a r e

5 0 x 5 0 met er s .

Museum at

Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad,

I ndia


18/19

VILLA LA ROCHE/ VILLA JEANNERET,PARIS

Vil l a La Roch e was bu il t as a

ho me f o r Raou l La Roch e, aS wis s ban ker an d co l l ec t o r o favan t -gar de ar t .A mo n g o t h er t h in g s , t h e h o u s ewo u l d s er v e as a pr ivat e g al l er yt o d i spl ay La Roch e's ext ens ivear t co l l ec t io n .Bu il t in a pr ivat e Par isc o u r t yar d , t h e h o u s e h ad maj o rc ons t r a in t s impos ed by t he s i t ean d it s zo n in g r es t r ic t io n s ,in c l u d in g a n o r t h o r ien t at io n ,ex is t in g t r ees a n d h eig h t an d

boundar y l imit at ions .I ns ide t he bu il d ing , t o d i s pl ayt h e ar t , an ar c h it ec t u r alpr o menade was made, a t h emeins pir ed by Le Cor bus ier 's v i s itt o t h e Ac r o po l is in 1 9 1 1 an d

r epeat ed mos t

s t r ik in g l y in h i s Car pen t erc en t r e f o r t h e Vis ual Ar t sn ear l y f o r t y year s l at er . Th epr omenade goes up and do wns t air c as es , l ead s yo u t h r o u g ht ight spaces , in -bet weenbal con ies , open s ur veys , downr amps a n d in t o a b eau t if u l l yl it l ib r ar y. Th is id ea o f aspat ia l sequence was r e-invent ed by many mo der n

ar c h it ec t s , af t er L e Co r bu s ier


19/19

The ma in vo l umes o f ho use ar eTh e o b l o n g wh ic h c o n t ain s j ean n er et sd wel l in g

An d pr ivat e ar eas o f l a r o c h e

A c u r v ed el emen t l if t ed f r ee o f t h eg r o u n d o n s l en d erpil o t is wh ic h c o n t ain s a s t u d io , in f ac t t h eex h ibit ion s pace f o r

La r oc he s pa in t ings

B et ween t h e t wo l ies t h e l a r o c h e sen t r anc e ha l l , us ed as ex h ibit ion s pac e

I n t er es t ing v o l ume,un i t y in mat er ia l s , f ineg r o u pin g o f c o n st r u ct io n al el emen t s A r e

s anel y ex h ibit ed and r at iona l l y as s emb l ed

They have spar sed sur f aces andu n cl u t t er d wal l s , o v r el appin g o f pl an esan d t r an s par en t ar es o f g l az in gr epr es en t in g an al o g o u s r epr es en t at io n .

corbusier architecture

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