cordia nodosa live or dead, hollow stem nodes are nest sites for ants
TRANSCRIPT
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SYMBIOSIS: MUTUALISM
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Ant trees:the ants and the acacia tree
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Ant trees: Cordia nodosaand: Allomerus octoarticulatus
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Cordia nodosa
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Live or dead, hollow stem nodes are nest sites for ants
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The tumultuous relationship between the ant-plant C. Nodosa and the ant species Allomerus octoarticulatus.The relationship between these two species is much like that of other ants and ant-plants, until it comes time for the plant to reproduce. When Nodosa begins to flower, the ants attack the buds, lopping them off before they get a chance to spread seeds. The ant, in effect, sterilizes its gracious host.
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Allomerus octoarticulatus sterilizes flower of Cordia nodosa.
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Ant-vines In the kerangas forest of Indonesia
Dry tropical forests on nutrient-poor soils.
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Kerangas forests Indonesia
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Dischidia major (epiphyte!)Malayan urn plant
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Dischidia major(ant plant)
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Philidris ants on surface of leaf of Malayan urn plant.
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Philidris ants, their eggs and larvae inside leaf of Malayan urn plant.
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Leaf-harvesting antsand fungus garden
Largest “herbivores” of tropical forest.
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Part of a leaf-cutter ant nest
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Partially excavated nest of Atta colony.
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Atta cephalotesNote small guard ants riding on the leaves
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(gongylidia)
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Amensalism between bacterium and Escovopsis fungus
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Science 20 November 2009, 326 p1120.
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Phorid flies atttack ant.
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Nepenthes bicalcarata pitcher plant vine eats insects, but its hollow tendrils are homes for tiny ants that have coevolved to be safe in the pitcher of ...
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Swimming ants and the Pitcher plant (Borneo).
Camponotus ants nest in the tendrils of the tropical Pitcher plant (vine).
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Camponotus ants uniquely can walk/crawl on the extremely slick wall of the Pitcher plant pitcher trap.
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Camponotus schmitzi ant swims in the pitcher pool and hauls out drowned prey.The ant's feet have adapted over eons to climb safely from the pool.
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Leaf-harvesting ants and fungal infection
Fungi alter the behavior of ants that they infectBefore the fungus-infected ants die, they attach themselves (by biting) to the underside of leaves that are ideally located for fungal reproduction: on the cooler and moister north side of trees, near (but not on) the ground.
Adaptive social immunity in leaf-cutting ants These social ants protect each other from fungal infection by grooming each other, much like monkeys do.
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Nematode worm turns ant host into ripe red berry
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Cephalotes atratus
C. Atratus infected withMyrmeconema neotropicum