CORE77 DESIGN AWARDS 2013Supporting PDF - Story & Background

STAGE01

1

SEALEAF // RESEARCH & DRIVERS

Cities have been mainly designed to accommodate the human population but totally leaving the concept of food out of the master plan.

Globalisation and densely populated urban regions create major environmental issues through food miles, packaging and distribution.

The rise of mega-cities, particularly in Asia, will break the production capacity of many land farms which, will result in major economical and social unrest through many regions.

Farmlands stay flooded for at least 6 months once hit by a disaster, effecting many cities economically, socially and environmentally.

Rapidly changing climate has put greater pressure on food security and supply, leaving most regions incomplete disaster.

Population growth, over-consumption and rapidurbanisation has resulted in deforestation andexpensive land prices in many cities.

Rising sea levels could result in large areas of agricultural land and freshwater lagoons becoming highly contaminated by seawater.

Rising Fuel Price = Rising Food PriceRising Food Price = Global Austerity

Unpredictable and extreme weather conditionsmakes it very hard for farmers to meet the growing demand for global food supply.

Fresh water has always been a scarce resource yet almost 70 percent of fresh water is used forfarming.Human Population = More Food

More Food = More Land

Many populated regions of the world are prone to sea level rise and are located in coastal areas close to ocean water.

Food transported across the world burns up a lot offossil fuel and contributes to global warming and costs much more to consume.

Flooded farmlands from the impact of climate change creates economical and social problemsfor both the producers and the consumers in the age of globalisation and mass consumption.

Destruction to livelihood and means of living caused by climate change.

2000

1500

1,726

51 65 20 50 27 20 31 43 35 41 35 52 6175

1,313

1,846 1,833

1,426

1,811 1,8231,769 1,815

1,277

1,559

1,155

311

7191000

500

MILES 0 APPLES

BEANS

BROCCOLI

CABBAGE

CARROTS

SWEET CORN

GARLIC

LETTUCE

ONIONS

POTATOES

PUMPKINS

SPINACH

SQUASH

TOMATOES

LOCALLY GROWN PRODUCE CONVENTIONAL SOURCE

TODAY’S MAJOR GLOBAL ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

2

ENVIRONMENTAL:Currently, the entire system of global foodsupply has been through the supportand availability of energy resources thatmakes it possible to deliver them to theend consumer. Food miles provides the opportunity for food to be packaged - resulting in major environmental issues such as landfill.

SOCIAL:Rapidly growing urban cities are makingmany farmlands being converted intocommercial use - resulting in food being delivered from far away countries and cities losing their own local agriculture industry in the process of globalisation.

ECONOMICAL:Climate change is a major threat to manycoastal regions, ruining farmlands andagricultural industries which, has lead many governments to consider the concept of vertical farming - to producefood on expensive lands - creating lessopportunity to make a positive impactfor both the disappearing local agriculturalindustries and the worsening environment.

SEALEAF // IDEAS & BRIEF GENERATION EXISTING GLOBAL FOOD SUPPLY & DEMAND SYSTEM

THE PROBLEM

WORLD FOODCONSUMPTION

2012

WORLD FOODCONSUMPTION

1922

SOCIALRapid Growth in

World Populationhas Increased

Demand for Food

ENVIRONMENTALFloodedFarmlands -Result ofClimateChange

ECONOMICALFood Miles -Increased Costsof Crops andSupply

ENVIRONMENTALOverconsumption

and LandfillsDegrading

the Environment

ENVIRONMENTALFood Miles -Feeding theWorld Population

SOCIALLost of LocalProduce andAgriculturalIndustry

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SEALEAF // IDEAS & BRIEF GENERATION PROJECT CONTEXT & BUSINESS CASE

Sea Level Rise Impacts 2016World Population 7.36 billion

Sea Level Rise Impacts 2035World Population 8.61 billion

Sea Level Rise Impacts 2070World Population 9.82 billion

31 Mega-cities25 of them Coastal

10 < 12 Million12 < 20 Million

20 < 30 Million

30 < 40 Million

PROJECT CONTEXT & BUSINESS CASE

By 2020, 60% of world’s population - 4 billion -will live in cities.

Human actions has transformed1/3 of the entire land surface

of the earth.On average, vegetables travel1,800 miles until reachedto supermarket in the city.

Food prices will double by 2030,with climate change accounting

for 50% of the increase.

To feed everyone, the worldwill need to produce 70%more food by 2050

a 100% more food by 2100,when the world populationis expected to be 10 billion.

20502011 2070

CLIMATE CHANGE POPULATION GROWTH

FLASHFLOODS

WATERSHORTAGES

HEATWAVES

CITY EXPANSIONONTO FARMLAND

RISINGPRICES

EXPORTEMBARGOES

INCREASEDDEMAND

PESTILENCE &DISEASES

SINGAPORE

km2

SURFACE

AREA >>

700 km2

ARABLE

LAND >>

1 percent

POPULATION >>

5.3 million

CLIMATE >>

tropical

5,300,000TOTAL POPULATION

100%URBAN

500,000TONNES OF VEGETABLE

IMPORTED FROM THENEIGHBOURING

COUNTRIES IN 2012

93%7%LOCALPRODUCE

IMPORTEDPRODUCE

FUEL PRICEBAD WEATHERGROWING DEMANDLOGISTICS COST

100% +RISE IN VEGETABLE

PRICE FROM GLOBALUNCERTAINTIES

2,450,000 m2SINGAPORE’SCURRENTLAND FARMS

$1,600 +PER SQUARE METER

THE PRICE OF LAND FORFARMING IN SINGAPORE

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STAGE02

5

SEALEAF //DEVELOP & ASSESS BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND OPERATING SYSTEM MODELS

AUSTRALIA

ASIA

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

MALAYSIA

SINGAPORE

EAST TIMOR

Agricultural Land Price per m2:

Singapore $1,600 - $1,800per m2

Malaysia $24 - $26per m2

Philippines $8 - $10

Cambodia & Vietnam $4 - $6

BANGLADESHPHILIPPINES

NEW ZEALAND

Thailand $18 - $20per m2

VIETNAM

TASMANIA

JAPAN

CHINA

INDIA

BRUNEI

CAMBODIA

THAILAND

INDONESIA

Indonesia$14 - $16per m2

Consumption90 kg per capita

Local Production5 kg per capita

Vegetable Consumption in 2012: As Compared to Local Produce

2.45 km2

Amount of LandCurrently Usedfor Farming in Singapore

6

SEALEAF // DEVELOP & ASSESS BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND OPERATING SYSTEM MODELS

US$ 5kg

US$ 15per yield

US$ 15 x 7 =US$ 105(per year gross revenue)

($2.50 per Pak Choi)

6 Pak Choi per pod500 grams each

US$ 90 per pod140 pods per Farm (at US$ 90)129 pathways per pontoon (at US$ 20)One Sealeaf Farm$15,180

PRICE (US$ 2.50) x PRODUCT (7) =US$ 15 x YIELD (7) =GROSS REVENUE ONE POD = (US$ 105)

(7 yields per year)

7

SEALEAF // DEVELOP & ASSES BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND OPERATING SYSTEM MODELS

ExistingFish Farmer

ProfessionalUrbanite

Already Owns a FishFarm & Boat

Government & PrivateInvestors are Allocated

Sealeaf Village is Born12 Farms = 1680 Podsat US$ 151,200

Sealeaf is Operated by aTechnically Capable Next GenFarmer (US$ 30,000 Salary)

Each Stakeholder GetsTrue Quality ProduceDelivered Regularly

Combines Sealeafwith the Fish Farm

Sealeaf ProvidesTechnical &Design Consultation

Experienced in Production, DiseaseManagement & Control of Farms

Receptive toNew Ideas

Part of Close-knit Bunchof Local Fish Farmers

Has Connection to Local& Overseas Markets

Next GenFarmer

InvestingUS $15,180

Buys Sealeaf1 Farm = 140 Podsat US$ 15,180

2940 Kg Sold Yearly2940 Kg x US$ 5 =US$ 14,700Gross Annual Revenue

12 Farms =Each Rented at US$ 15,00012 X 15000 = US$ 180,000Gross Annual Revenue

1 Farm180 m2140 PodsUS$ 90 Each +129 PathwaysUS$ 20 Each

ExcludingSealeaf Setup& ConsultationCosts +Planning Costsfrom Maritime & National PortAuthorities

(180m2 Agricultural Landin Singapore =US $288,000at US $1,600 per m2)

12 Farms2160 m21,680 PodsUS$ 90 Each +1550 PathwaysUS$ 20 Each

Extra CostsSealeaf Setup& ConsultationCosts +Licence for OnWater ActivitiesAnnually1 m2 = US$ 0.15

(2160m2 Agricultural Landin Singapore =US $3.4 millionat US $1,600 per m2)

InvestingUS $151,,200

IndependentInvestor

Experienced in Business, PeopleManagement & Supply Chain

Receptive toNew Ideas

Part of Close-knit Bunchof National Businesses

Has Connection to Local& National Workforce

Owner of140 Sealeaf Pods

1st Year

Gross Annual RevenueUS$ 14,700US$ 15,180 (Invested)

= US$ 480 Outstanding

Further 9 Years

10 Years Product Life cycle14,700 Per Year x 9

= US$ 132,300 Profit

180 m2 (Sealeaf Areaon Water) x US$ 0.15(Annual Rent for 1 m2of Surface on Water)

= US$ 27 Annual RentPrice on Water

1st Year

Gross Annual RevenueUS$ 180,000US$ 151,200 (Invested)

= US$ 28,800 Profit

Further 9 Years

10 Years Product Life cycle180,000 Per Year x 9

= US$ 1.62 million Profit

2160 m2 (Sealeaf Areaon Water) x US$ 0.15(Annual Rent for 1 m2of Surface on Water)

= US$ 324 Annual RentPrice on Water

Owner of1,680 Sealeaf Pods

Sealeaf Gets Funded(US$ 150,000) for 2 Yearsof Further Development

Grows Pak Choi

US$ 5 Per Kg1 Pod x 3 Kg Per Yield3 Kg x 7 Yields Per Year

Supplies to the Local Marketthrough Local WaterwaysCutting Food Miles by 95%

1 Pontoon =140 Pod x 3 kg Per Yield = 420 Kg420 Kg x 7= 2940 Kg Per Year

Specific Vegetables are Grownon each Pontoon for an SpecificContracted Stakeholder

Each Pontoon is Rented tothe Stakeholder Annuallyat $15,000

Hotels4 Pontoons

Restaurants 6 Pontoons

Supermarkets2 Pontoons

EXIS

TING

MOD

ELNE

WM

ODEL

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SEALEAF // DEVELOP & ASSES BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE WITH LESS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

MALAYSIA

MALAYSIA

MALAYSIA

INDONESIA

SOUTH CHINA SEA

Sealeaf Waterways forTransporting ProduceDirectly to Stakeholders

Sealeaf On-groundDistribution Systemto Various Stakeholders

PasirPanjangWholesaleMarket

SealeafFarm

SeedGrowingFaciliy

Sheng SiongSupermarket

LocalRestaurants

High-endRestaurants

Hotels

less water90%

of the space1/4

growth timex2

chemicals0.0

soil needed0.0

less labour1/20

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SEALEAF // DEVELOP & ASSES MEASURING IMPACTS AND IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED FOR SEALEAF TO SUCCEED

Yearly Produce - 1 Sealeaf Pod (1000mm x 650mm)

Yearly Produce - Area of Land (1000mm x 650mm)

Basil

Cai xin

Chives

Collard

Strawberry

Mustard greenSpinach

Pak choi

Chard

4836

36

120kg

Lettuce

2.6kg

12kg

7.2kg

12kg2.1kg

24

16

12

12 8440g

2kg

1.2kg

2kg

350g

40kg

WE BELIEVE:

ENVIRONMENTALThe size of the floating farms created by Sealeaf will cover huge surfaces thatwould block incoming sunlight and create inconveniencies for the marine lifebeneath the structure. However, the size and orientation of the Sealeaf floatingfarms are designed in such a way that lets the structure to be moved whenneeded and sunlight gets through to the surfaces below when the sun’sorientation changes by the time of the day.

And, to cut the current food miles by 95%, Sealeaf, needs to be locally grownand delivered by a sustainable form of transportation. To meet this challenge,the entire project is based on specific locations for, e.g. coastal cities, and theproduce are delivered to the end user or stakeholder through the existingwater canals and rivers.

SOCIALOne of the main challenges for Sealeaf is to demonstrate the use of hydroponicssystem on ocean water is as effective as it is on land and in controlled greenhouse environments. As shown by the illustration, Sealeaf needs to be able to produce6 to 7 times more the produce annually to meet the challenge of urban foodscarcity and have a big impact on the next generation of urban farming byreducing excess packaging and transport costs.

Therefore, to meet the requirements for the effectiveness of hydroponics growingsystem, e.g. temperature control and concentrated environment, Sealeaf’s designis based entirely on the blueprint of a general greenhouse with step by step userfriendly components that lets the user to easily understand and operate the farm.However, Sealeaf’s operating system is unique and cost effective as it is run on solarenergy and rainwater is collected to water the plants, all in just one enclosedstructure.

Sealeaf floating farms will also help the existing farmers in the neighbouringcountries, e.g. Malaysia from where most of the vegetables are imported toSingapore, to adopt to the system and profit by using water to grow on ratherthan expensive land.

ECONOMICALThe biggest challenge is to design and manufacture Sealeaf pod that cost’s roughlyaround US$ 50. The cost for one Sealeaf pod is projected by investigating the priceof a similar size of land (1000 x 650mm) in locations where crops are cultivatedand transported to Singapore. To meet this challenge, we have kept our designsimple yet effective by choosing recyclable and less expensive material for mostof the structure, e.g. polyethylene, and rotomolding as the main manufacturingprocess/technique. All components are manufactured in the region to keep thecosts low for Sealeaf and its user.

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STAGE03

11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

SEALEAF // USER STORY CHANGING BEHAVIORS THROUGH NEW FARMING METHODS & ENVIRONMENTS

12

SEALEAF // FARMING MODULE CHANGING BEHAVIORS THROUGH NEW FARMING METHODS & ENVIRONMENTS

ReinforcingBulkheads

Polyethylene Sheet 2mm

Styrofoam Tray 30mm

NutritionWaterContainer

RainwaterContainer

High DensityPolyethylene 4mmRotomolded

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HOW Polyethylene Sheet 1mmDiffused , High Infra Red Radiation Transmission

Polystyrene Tray 30mm

NutritionWaterContainer

RainwaterContainer

High DensityPolyethylene 3mmRotomolded

10 - 12 years

4 - 5 years

max. 42 C

1600 mW/cm2

0.06m3

9.23cm60Kg

4 l/ min

3W/h

SEALEAF // FARMING MODULE CHANGING BEHAVIORS THROUGH NEW FARMING METHODS & ENVIRONMENTS

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STAGE04

15

2013

Mid of2014

End of2015

2015

SEALEAF // DELIVER & MEASURE SEALEAF POD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION PLANS

Developing & testingthe design andengineering aspectsof the Sealeaf Pod

Finalising thetechnical aspectswith marineexperts

Developing the usabilityand practical aspects ofthe Sealeaf Pod

Final tests onrough seasand productlaunch

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2016

Mid of2016

End of2018

2017

SEALEAF // DELIVER & MEASURE SEALEAF FARM DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION PLANS

Manufacturing ofthe Sealeaf Pod andPathway starts in afactory - first batchorders for a pilot farm

First Sealeaf Farmis complete fora client (fish farmer)and delivered

Fish farmer combinesthe Sealeaf Farm withhis existing fish farm

Full productionhas started forclients in othermajor parts ofthe world

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2019

Mid of2019

End of2020

2020

SEALEAF // DELIVER & MEASURE FUTURE VISION FOR SEALEAF FARM ON URBAN COASTS

Sealeaf has becomea platform forproducing seacrops of all kinds

First floating freshfood Sealeaf Cafesails away in coastalcities

Bigger restaurants roll-outas the demand for freshfood consumption increase

Sealeaf is introduced with newfeatures, such as reverse osmosissystem for hot and dry locations

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