Vol. IX. No. 15

Conducted bl} RUSSELL CHAUVENET

S END solutions to Position No. 158 to Russell Chauvenct, 721

Gist Ave. , Silver Spring, Md., by May 5, 1955. With your solution please send analysis or reasons supporting your choice as "Best Move" or moves.

Solution to pO$ition No. 158 w ill ell" pur In the M~y 20, USS 'Hue.

NOTE: Do nat p/#Ct ,&lunons to t .1I positions 011 <1111' , .. rd; ht SU't to i"Jic<ll.t (011"1 numbu 0/ position being wInd, .. nd "in tht 'lull ""mt .nul .uJJ'tl1 of thl so/O'er /0 .mist jn P'OIU' " tJilin, r,f mill/ion,

NO EAGLE FLIES IN BROOKLYN

Owners of the Brooklyn Eagle, one of the oldest of AQi!I!rica's newspapers, have announced the permanent d iscontinuance of the paoer. For some \'leeks a s trike by the Newspaper Guild has prevent­ed Imblicalion , and a statemc nt by the owncrs has been issued saying that it is financially impossible to meet the wage demands of the Gui1d.

With the Eagle perishes a fa­mous ches~ column, editcd by Her­mann Hel ms , dean of American Chess. For mOTe years than most chess pl ayers can remember Mr . Helms has becn conducting his Eagle chess column, without doubt the oldest chess column in years of continuous service in the cou n­try. Following on the discontinu· ance of the chess column edited by H. R. Bigelow in the New York Post, the passing of the Brooklyn Eag]e leaves New York City served only by the chess columns of Her­mann Helms in the N.Y. Times and N.Y. World-Telegram & Sun.

PLAYERS PLAN FOR INTERZONAL

Three U.S. players, Samueal Re­shevsky, Arthur Bisguier, and Lar­ry Evans, arc reported to have plans for remaining in' Europe af­ter the match with the USSR in June, since they are scheduled to appear as the USCF representa­tives in tbe FIDE Interzonal Tour­nament to be held at Gote'borg, Sweden, beginning August 27th.

U. S: OP.EN , CHAMPIONSHIP

August 8-5M}, 1955 Long Beach, California

ess +

le Ae,ica-d Copyright 1955 by

Tuesday. AprilS, 1955 IS Cenla

Position Nc), JJ8

Whit!! to play

GRKAVAC TAKES MILWAUKEE CITY

.foh n B. Grkavac in a 40-player Swiss tallied 8-1 to win the Milwau­kee City Championshi p. losing no games but drawing with Ralph Abrams and George H'lrley. Sec­ond place went to John Carroll with 7·2 score, losing games to Grkavac and Daniel Clark. Third and fou rth on weighted points with 6112 -2% each wcre former Wisconsin State Champion Arpad E. Elo and Ralph Abrams. Elo lost to Grkavac and Clark, while draw­ing with Averill Powers, Milwau­kee Journal chess columnist; Ab­rams lost to Carroll and E lo, while dr awing with Grkavac.

Fifth to seventh with 6-3 each wcrc Daniel Clark, Marshall Roh­land, and William Mack. Tied a t 5 % -3 lfl fo r eightb to thirteen places were E l"Dest Rozkalns, George Hurley, Averill P owers, James Mangan, Fred Clark, and Charles Weldon.

TORONTO SCHOOLS ORGANIZE CHESS

Following the example of Cleve­land, Milwaukee and a few other alert cilies , the Toronto Public Schools have organized chess to the point where n ow a f irst Toron­to Schools Championship is possi­ble. It was held a t Rosedale Public School in February with 139 stu­dents from 16 schools participat­ing.

Finalists were: Wendy Lesmond 5-1 in Girls' Finals; Dave Grim­shaw with 3-1 in Secondary Schools' Finals (he was already the victor of the Tor onto Chess Club major tournament); Jerry Apple­baum with 6-(l in the Grades 5 & 6 Finals; Dick Marino with 3lh-lh in the Grade 7 Finals; Stan Matjes ic and Robert Hills with 4-1 in the Grade 8 }1nals (Matjesie won the play-{)ff).

Revive USCF Amateur Championship To Challenge Skill of Players

Alter a lapse of nine years. the U.S. Amateur Championship Tourna­ment is being revived to provide a gala proving ground for the amateur chess players of the USh in an event where masters are welcomed only as silent kibitzeTS. Among the present U. S. masters who in humbler and less rceognized capacity playcd in former U. S. Amate~r Championships are Dr. Ariel Mengarini (victor in 1943), Sven Almgren. (second in 1943). and U. S. Champion Arthur B. Bisgnier (fifth .in 1945).

But previous Amateur Championships could never lay claim to the lavish setting of the 1955 U. S. Amateur Championship event, whieh will be held on beautiful Lake Mohegan at ·the famous Mohegan Country Club--only an hour and a half by bus or train from New York City. Here the lure of swimming, boating, tennis, handball, basketball, p ing·pong, bridge and many other activities will vie for the spare time of the chC'Ss player , his family and visitors, when not contending over the checkered bOard.

Planned to cambine chess wi th I ;=============~ a vacation Quting, a special low ra te of $3 per night per person (with children under 12 a t half­price) has been set for lodgings by the Mohegan Country Club for the entrants, their families and visitors. Meals may be obtained at reason­able prices in various surrounding restaurants and lunch-rooms.

:Ii.!", , (hite~ J·O I this vi.i" .. lioli tournament afe May 2Q.21-22, 1955, and it will be a 100% USOF Rated Event. It will be a Six Round Swiss, 50 moves in two hours, with games adjudicated after 4 hours play by U. S. Masler Max Pavey. Ties will be broken by Median System and the pairings py Harkness System, witoh USCF Memix'rship Secretary Kenneth Harkness u.s tournament director.

The tournament will be open to aU players, f rom patzers to experts, with only rated Masters ineligible to participate. Entry fee is $5.00 to USCF members, non-members must pay $5.00 USCF dues in ad­dition to entry fe e. Entries wiII be accepted at Mohegan Country Club up to 7:00 p.m. (but no later) on Friday, May 20U1, but the part of wisdom is to mail entry fees a t once to the United States Chess FederaUon, 81 Bedford Street, New York 14, N.Y. (with or without pay­ment for lodging) so that arrange­ments for the comfort and pleasurc of the participants can be made more effectively.

Winner will be r ecognized as the U. S. Amateur Champion and re­ccive a t rophy; highest ranking woman player will be recognized as U. S. Women's Amateur Champ­ion and also receive a trophy. Thcre will be trophies as well for Class A, Class B, and Class C players with the highest scores. No cash prizes, since this is s t rictly a n amateur event.

The U. S. Amatetu Championship was primarily the idca and hobby of · the late Waiter Stephens of New York, who as USCF Vice­President managed and staged the

(Please turn to page 7, col. 3)

USCF EXP ELS WHITAKER

For the fi rst time in its history the United States Chess F ederation h u taken punative actio n against a m e mber by voting the e xpulsion of Norman T . Whila l<e r, of Shady Side, Md .. from mem bership.

The aclion of the USCF Exec u­tive C()'l1onittf>'l' Was b~',!,d ,rim~ .i'Y upon a six.page mimeOgraphed let· t er, dated December 30, 195-4, whicn was wide ly circulated by Mr. Whita­ke r and whic h in the opinio n of t he Exe cutive Committee transcended .. II bounds of f ree speech in its .. t ­lacks upon the charac t e r .. nd integ­rity of USCF officials. Contr ibuting f actors to the decision of ttle Execu­t ive Committee we r e nume rous oth_ er at'uks Of a s imilar nalu r e mitde b y M r. Whihker over a period of ye .. rs.

The r evocation of the USCF memo bershlp of Mr. Whitaker was ac· compllnied with the furthe r provi­sions tha t Mr. W hi taker be barred forever from participat ing in .. ny Tournamen t , Match or other chess event sponsored b y the USCF Or ih affiliates; that in the future no tournament In which Mr. W hitaker particip..te d would be eligible for rating.

Prior to De cembe r , 1954 the USCF o ffi ci al s hesitated to t .. ke action aga inst Mr. Wh itaker, being r e luc­tant to curt .. 11 the chess career of a player who possessed such a diS­tinguished reco rd; but the nature of the .. tt .. ck u pon the Federation and its officer. made by Mr. Whit . ker in his circul .. r I" tter, dated De­cember 30, 1954, left the Federation no other al te rnative.

While not recenlly the winner of any nat ional chess e vent, Mr. Whit. ker was twice Western Chen Asso­ci..tion Ch am pion (in 1923 .. nd l UG). .. nd won the National Chess federa­lion Championship o f 1927. More re­cently Mr. Whitaker h .. . won uri­DUS State Tournaments, h is lates t v ictory being in t he Ten nessee Open Championship at Bristol Ove r New Year's weekend.

U. S. JUNIOR CHAMPIONSHIP

blly 15-24, 1955 Lincoln, Nebraska

Finish It The Clever Way! b, Umun4 Nuh

PO/ilion No. 149 SmY$lov vs. Botvinnik

;-;:;....,..---'USSR.""c-"''''.=---=--.--,;

While 10 pl . y .lId win

Position No. 110 Geller vs. Kotov

USSR, 1955

T HESE two positions are taken from the just concluded Soviet Champ­ionship 'tournament, won jointly by Smyslov and Geller with a score

Of 12-7. Tied (01' third with a score of IJl/.: ·7Yl were Botvinnik. Pctcosian, IJivilsky, and IS-year 'old Spassky.

In Position No. 149, Smyslov made onc move and Botvinnik resigned. The 'move is subtle, beina in one variation part of a six-move combina­tion.

Brilliant combinative play characterizes Position No. 150. As played, Black resigned after White's liflb move. I suggest solvers spend nOl too' much time at this beCore playing over the solution.

In view of the high-qualily chcss play by SmysIov and Geller. as illustratcd by thcsc two positions, thcir play-ofi match o[ six games should be exciting to (ollow.

For solution, plene turn to P.ge Eight. Send ~II ~cmtrlbutlonl for thll column to Edmund NISh. 1530 211h Plac:e, ' .Ii.

W~shinlton 20, O. C.

U.S. Expert Allred B. Wills staged it I4-board exhibitioll al the Tuhme Univcl't;ity Chcss Club in New Orleans, winning 13 games and drawing one with l-red 'lj"ilIey.

V.ncouvCl r Chess Club 18.C.) JaW CCOfCC KoltanowJ.1d -.;:o red three wins, one d,·:.w and two 10l'lllC' In a ,Ix·same d~k simult.:meoua at 40 movea per ­hour. ')"aklnJ: the maskr" mcuure were M. JursevaJda and J. M. Taylor, ... blle J. C. r nwUee drcw. In a 12-r.llrne blindfold pmultaneoua Koltano .... kl lOll! to a clevc!" &u.crHldc:r.1 combilla tioll by 1oI.rJ. J. o. McLeod, spOlUiOr and .uan,1la.n or the WH Wlurd, Cb_ Club.

NOMINATIONS OF USCF OFFICERS

T he USCF Nom;ndin, Committee, dul y ~ppolnted by Ihe USCF ExotCu· live Committee', i$ to nomlna la tllr .. Vice-Prc..i!lents, neh for a parlcd of three yun. ~nd 0 ... $otc.reluy for • term of one y.ar; .nd co~di.lIy invlt.. tho m .mbonhlp to aubmit n l m"" of qu~lified c.ndld~lu for eonsid.r"llon. Befor. ,vbmittlnll th. n.me of " "non for "ny of t ho lbove m..n:ioned offic'" h. should be contleleel to del.rmine Ih"t h. /5 bo-th I .. ail"bla and willl nll to serve, and that h. Is " USCF mem. ber I t tlma of l ubmisslon o£ n. m e. Names m.y b. senl to any rqember of Ihl! comml"oe, R. 8. POTTER

D R. N. HORNSTEIN

5124 Milim St., 0 ,, 11 ... T .""S

SovlhpOrl, No. Car.

DR. ERICH MARCHAND 192 5 ... 111. Dr., Roch.at.r, N.Y.

WM. PLAMPIN 41 E. Rosem.nt A .... AI.lUndr ia, V".

CARL WEaERO Box 165 Chlirmln hUnl, k"n • •

fbus .tlft Ap,i! J . 1911

Harold 1.1. Phillips, Pasl Presi· dent of the USCF, who cclebrated his eightieth birthday in Decem­ber, has been elected honorary member [or liIe of thc Manbattan Chess Club o[ Ncw York City. Apart from a distinguished career in chcss administration, including presidency of the USCF, presiden­cy of the Manhattan Chess Club, and various oUices in the New York Statc Chess Association (he is still its treasurer), ?op-. Phillips was also distinguished as a player . As a player student he won five City College Championships and three while studying law at C0-lumbia University_ In 1901 he took a prize in a handicap tournament, defeating Dr. Berthold Lasker, a brother o[ the former World Champion. He has held the Man­hattan Chess Club Championship and the New York Stale title, and has always been rccognized as a fo rmidable opponent_ Now retired [rom more strenuous tournament play, Mr. Phillips is listed as a Master Emeritus by the USCF.

Samuel Reshevsky proved too tough (in the words of Salt Lake City chessplaycr Gaston Chappuis) in his recent simultaneous exhibi­tion at Salt Lake City, winning all SO games. Among the defeated were Alex Rizos and Martin Capell who won their matches against the Grandmaster on his previous ap­pearance last year. Filth from the last to concede defeat was 13-year old Mark Lundstrom, youngest contender, who received a warm word of congratulations from the Grandmaster.

The :Massachusetts State Chess Association's Washington Birthday mecting was a gala event with Chet Barham winning the Class A ltapid Transit. whHe Or. Sam Kra­mcr and Pcter Bcrini shared first in the Clnss B evcnt. This was followed by a 5O-board simultane­ous exhibition by Grandmaster Samuel Reshevsky, who averaged seven mjnutes a game in winning 44, drawing fivc and lOSing one. Richard Tirrcll S<.'Ored the viClory, while Stanley W. D. King, Harold Dondis, Edward LaCroix, O. A. Lester, and Shelby Lyman tallied the draws. Reshevsky's sole loss to Tirrell was an interesting bat­tle:

BREYER GAMBIT White

S. RESHEYSKY 1. P ·k4 P·K4 2. p -Ka4 PIIP 3. Q.83 Q.RSeh 4. K..Q I P-Q4 5. a ' K2 Kf·K83 , . PIIP Ka·a4 7. a·KISch

I . Q·K2ch t . Kt-K81 '0. P·04 11. Q.a4 12. P-83 11. Qkl.01. '4. Q.81 15. K,·a4 16. Bllkl 11. B-Q2 11. B-1C2 ,t. K.·KS H . B·83

Qkl·Q2 K.Ql Q.R4 R·KI R·KS a ·QJ

KI ·KtJ '.K>

KtxKI 8-KIl4

B·KS kl1lP

o.Kt4 P·K84

Ul.;ick R. TIRRELL

21. P· KR4 Q·83 12. K'·B4 P-QRl 13, !t·R3 P·KRJ 24. P·RS P.oKt4 15. kl1l8 P IIKI 2'. P-QR4 P ·QKfS 27. 811a Plla 21, p -a4 p · K' 29. Q·a3 kl-Ktl 30. 8lfktP QxPch 31 . k · B1. Q)(Pch tt. 8 ·83 R· al 33. R-Ql P·K7 34. RIIPch It-Kl 35. R· Rl

P·K'(Kt)ch 36. Rllk. JtxR 37. ItxKI OxPeh 31. K.o2 R-okh

R.,I,ns

In thc Cleveland InterscholasUc League, It took two matches to de­termine a champion. Fint meeting between Shnker Heights and West Tcch endcd in :I 6-6 lie. But on sec· ond meeting ' Shaker Heights scored a convincing 10·2 victory for the Grenter Cleveland Scholas­tic League Championship with B. H:avlgburst, G. Gingold, and J_ Somberg scoring double victories while R. Hodous, D. Edwards, G. McL:aln, and G. Petznick cacb tal­lied once. For West Tech E. Garncs salvaged both points. Shaker Heights won the Public School League title last ycar, and so now boasts two championship trophies.

The April issue o[ READER'S DIGEST contains an interesting and informative article entitled "Chess: They Can It a Game", by Joseph Phillips, reprinted from THE ROTARIAN, April issue. The condensed summary of the gamc's history, the stress upon the fact that ehess is Dot dillicult to learn, and the emphasis upon the '[as­cination and social quality of the game make this article an excel­lent short introduction and ex­positlon to bc placed in the hands of anyone not (amiliar witb the game o[ chess who expressed a casual intercst In learning some­thing about its charm.

Balon Rou,. (L. ) Che .. Club: 1n " mat.;:h .,,,IWlt the USCF arlWated New Orlean~ CheN: Club, Blton RouS. score a 10'11-3'11 .. Ictory. For 8<tton RoUJl:e C. Plllrlck scored two victories, F. Lee and W . HI.ld(lns " win and a draw aplo-ce, whU. W . F . Gladney, O. ClaI­tor. Mam"ntov, L. Jacobo IIDd J . Gwln taWed wins with Tamuu dnwinC. For New Orleans A. B. Willi, A. L. .Mc­AuleY, 1re_ Vlna., D. A_ WalJ;c1orf, D. Cavitt and. Allee K.lnt aeored wtm:, while K. Vine .. J . Bames, aDd A. Fit&­,eraId drew.

c/.u • .,lie Yn n.W yo,.~

By Allen Kaufman

THE many expressions and say­ings uscd cvery day in this

city's chess clubs have become as much a part of the game as the moves themselves_they are the Gcneral Kibit,.e5, used by ;llmost every player. Although the origins of some are unclear, one [act is evidcnt: each expresses some idea clearly and succincUy, and docs so in such 3 humorous or even artis· tic manner that it has "caught on" with many players. Some express an idea that cannot be said in any other way, while others are just synonyms {or some well,worn chess term.

Examples of this last kind ;lrc the words that · have come to take the place of "check," such as schach, hock, shmink, haque senor (this one Is used (or a particularly

. ~trong check), shrink, chlocoitea, Johann, and d:mgcr king. Thcre is always somc bcginner 0.· very wt'ak player around the cluh. lie is n rish, patzer, hecht, (ussler, durfer, or wcakie.

There arc many gcncra l terms that refer to various aspects o[ the game: making lien (e.g., P-KR3 to " ive thc kinS an escape square), kvet<."il (a style o[ play in which you d&. nothing except wait for an opponent's blunders), Harrison (. move that puts a picce cn prise to another), Turncr slyle (pl .. yins: lhe simplest move to insure the win).

And, last of all, are the kibitzes that have become so popular that they are repeated ovcr and oyer again by many players. Not moving on time in blitz (requently brings forth the comments, "Would you like to seal?", and "Perhaps you would like to examine this position in the privacy of your own homc," and, simply, "You go, Hugo."

But thcre are so many hundreds o[ sayings, expressions, and Gen­eral Kibitzes used by players here that one would need a largc book to list, define, and explain them all.

IN BRIEF: Bill Drakert. ea ,)tain o[ the Marshall B team in thtl Mct League, Icads thc huge Marsball Amateur Championship, 4-{). Last year's champ, Myron t~leischer, was upset by talcnted youngstcr Ja~es Gore, who is winning the club's Junior Championship ... Art Bis­guier, 8-3, clings to a tenuous half­point adv:mtage in the Manhattan Championship; he was benten by Abc Turner last week, Jim Shcr· win, 6%-3'-h, has the bcst chance to catch him . . . At the haU·way mark of Ufe Quadrtmgular Tourna· ment to detcnnine last place on the U. S. team to Moscow, Kevitl, 2'h ­Ph, leads. The other participants are Sherwin, 2-1, Lombardy, Jlh-'-h, and Lasker, 0-3 .. ' . As was ex' pected, the Manbattan and Manhall tearns in the Met League arc bowl· ing over the opposition, each :J.O. They meet in the last round to determine premier honors.

MASTERS OF THE FUTURE GAMES AND STORIES OF AMERICA'S

YOUNGER PLAYERS OF PROMISE By U. S. Master JAMES T. SHERWIN

Arthur Feuerstein N EW YORK nowadays seems to produce one talented junior dless

star a year. (The Inst two years bmught forth Edmnr Mednis and William Lombardy.) This year's junior is Arthur }o'cucrslein who played well in .the New YOJ'k State Championshi p (he won Lhc brilliancy prize) and came of age in the Current Manhattan Ohcss Clu'b Championship where he hilS already beaten Bisiuicr and Pinkus.

He has a profouncl knowledge of -the openings (particularly the King's Indian and Sicilian-with White he plays eclectically the English or Reli systems), lind a risky but tcn<lc\ous style. And most important, he seems to be developing / a strong will to win (for he used to laugh too much nnd work loo li ttle). But he stIlL needs experience and us he a.;.quires it he shou ld devclop lover the next few yelll's.

_ KING 'S INDIAN DEFENSE M"'nh, tt,n Chen Club

Championship Neltl "" A ./h". F,,,crs/fin

White Black A . S. PIN KUS

I . P-Q4 A . FEUeRSTEIN

K.·K83 2. P·Q84 3. P· KKI3 4. 8 ·K'1 5. Kt·QBl 6. K •• K83 1. 0 ·0 e. P·Kl

P·KK'3 8 ·Kt2 .-. P·Ol

QKI-Q1 P· K4

The u s ual ,.la~ rur Ih ~ While KI' II on K4. ','tic "arl:>Uon 1' layo:lI 1M not In Whlie'" ("vur.

I . .. M... It.KI f . P-QKt3 p.QIt)

This move has a double PUrpOllC. After 10. n.QR3, !t.KU; 11. R·D I, P-QKt4, the Bishop ):\mS back to QKt2 und the game coritinues lIS In the text. In the game as pl<lyed, tho pnwn stops Kt­QKt5.

10. 8·Ktl 11 . 11.·8 1 11. K1'01

P· II) p.l($ P·Q4

1l. PxP1 ........ Pinkus sUJ{.lle~b the foU'lwinll' as a n 1m. pJ'I)Vo:ment for WhItC' 13, P·KU~. KPxP; 14. QxP and P·K4 to follow. 11 14 . ........ . K t·81; 15. P xP, Il.J{!.~; Hi. Q. I14. Pxl'; 17. KtxQI'. Ktx K t; lao QxP ch fllvOrll White. '

n. . Pxp 14. P.QK.4 P.KR4!

ThIS Is the best move. Now his pliln shOUl d cons,\.<;t of pushln.!: the QRt> to QR5 re·enfol'dhJ! the .!:rlp on Black's QB5 and QKtR. 'l'hen the Kb alnk in.

15. 0·Kt3 K.·181 16. Kt·R4 P.RS

'l'he pawn could be taken. Bnt who would?

17. KR·KT Px P 18. 8Px P KI·K3

The next three m'lve$ a re a h<lrse race which Black wlrwr.

If. OKI·83 20. Kt·K2 21. 8 xKt

KI. I(IC Kt-Itkh ........

F'lrced, (o r 1! 21. K·R I, Kt-B7 eh ,nd Kt.Q6 wins the exch .. .,.,e. And On K.BI, K t·R4 might embalTllSll Whlte'a KiIlZ.

11 . ..... _.. 8 x B n. KI· 8 4 8 ·84 ;13. R.8? P-QKtll

Ir 23 .......... B·KBI; 24. KtxQP, lIxR; 25. KtxKt ch. Ql\:Kt; 26. QPxP, Q·Kt4; 27. Q·B3, Q·R3; 28. Kt-B4 with .. game that I~ ("!rt:dnly worth an exchange.

24. R·B6 P·KKt4 25. Kt· KI1 B·Q1 26. R/ 6·QBl B·Kt4 21. P·QR4 8·Q2 28. 11.·81 QR·81 29. RxR 8xlt 3D. R·BI 8·11.6 31. P·QKtS

If 31. ft..B6, Q·Q2; 32. Rx Ktp, Q·Kt5 (the threat j~ RxKt and Q-K7 ch wlnnln.!: the Kt); ;13 . Q-1l2, Q-K7 and mate next move.

31. . PxP 31. PxP Q.01 33. KI·81 R·RI 34. R· Rl 1txR 35. 8xR Q·KtS 36. 0·82 Q·86 37. B·83

If 37. Q_KB2, QxQ and 33. B-Q2 winning.

CHESS AND BRIDGE BOOKENDS Cast Nizhta and 'Rooks, mounted on hardw09d, to match your turnlture $6.00 a palr, gold·pla ted $7.50. , Cast 2" Chessboard $6.so, gokl..plau,d sa.OO. Cast :tl<l'la" card4cck showiUJ:' any ace $6.50, gold·plated $8.50.

Send check o r money order to: E & M MFG. Ca.

SprIngtown Rd. Till",,,, N. Y.

31 . . M... K,·KU ,.. Q·ltl

Not 311. IJ.Kt4. QxKt chI; 39. KxQ; KtxKP ch wlnnJ.Djf.

,.. ....... B·BI 3'. B·KI 8 ·1t'1

40. 8·83 A nnounclrll: the

41 . "·K I 42. 8 ·K •• Cl. 8 ·K1 44. 8·K'4 45. QxB

Iteslgns

K-Rl Zu /:"wani.

8 ·8. K.Kt3

P·83 8 xK'

8x l"ch

4&. KtxB. QxKtch; 47. K·RI. Kt-B7cb and M .... M . Kt-Q& ~h win. the BlIhop. or "1. K-IJI. Q.R8 rho 48. K·f{2 (\I Jl.KJ, Kt-K6 chl. Q.Kt7 e h ; 411. n.Q:!, P·KG.

new USC:1-..A!#ale6

ALABAMA 'Birmingh a m Chess Club Mcct~ ot Cenlral YMCA, Tuesdays at

6:30 lo 10:00 P.m.. Prc~: Fred W. Kemp; see'y: Charles Clevelund; tr ... as: H . A. Stuckler; correspondence to: J . F. Ad. dlngton. 55JS Ave. Q, Central Park, Bir. mloghum, Ala. CDNNECTICUT

Connect icut St i l e Chess Ass'" Annual due, are $5.00 In cumbination

.... Ith. USCF dues. P res: ElII()t S . Wolk. Apt. 34., South Campu.s, Storrs, Con n.; t reas: Scott AlCOn:!; tournament direc­lo r : JOHPh. Hickey. State Champion. ship held approx. In March to Aprll yearly. MISSOURI

'Kanus City Chess Clob Meet$ a t YMCA, 404 East Te ntb St.,

K:ln.saa Cily 6, Mo., e very day 11:00 a.m, to mldn l.!:ht. P resident, .10M n. Belt­Un.!:; lIeu.: Nathan Fox; llCey: Mrs. Phillp lI101'Tell. NEW JERSEY

The Knights of Chess M~ls "I Fairleigh Ilieklnson College

Campus. T(!llncck, N. J. PreSident: An. thony l'a1lchtch; eorrcsponden ce to Dr. Heinz M~ehcnsen. % Fairleigh D!ckln. son College,. Teaneck, N. J. NEW YORl(

Fordham Unive r sity Chess Club Meets nt Collins Peu,thouse, Fordham

University Compus. I:!ronx 56, N.Y. (Also ca llod "!tsm·IAnt Knlah b"J. Meets Fridays at 11:00 (o.m, Rcs. ' Anthony Oblld(ol. 220 Mt. Hope PL, Bronx, N. Y.; team captain: Thoma~ Hennc!!.'ly.

- Syraeus. Chess Club Meets at 116 West Wasbington St.,

Syracuse' 2, N. Y. on Tuc>sd8y~ at 7:30 p.m. and Saturday! at 2:00 p.m. Pre~l. dent: J ohn C. Cummlnl'~, 20IJ W. Baerd Ave., Syracuse 5, N. Y. PENNSYLVANIA · Franklln Chen Club Meel$ fit 1614 Locust Street, Philadel.

phla. I'll , President: Wm. A. Ruth; treas.: D. A. Glanflullo.

Mercanti le LIb ra ry CMSS A n oclatiDfl N'c t$ at lU I W alnut SlJ'eet , Phlladel.

phla 2, Pa. PreakleQt: Eo Raymond

.'55 tlfe Tr<fsday, P.ge 3 April ~, 19H

Ch.66 ell;' By WiUa White Owens

THE Women's World Champion· ship C .. ndid .. t,es Tournament

wiII start about the first or October in Moscow. Tbe United States will have three representatives this year; Cisela GI'Csser, Sonja Gra{ Stevenson . .. nd l\lona May Karer. Though the Un ited States was to have qU;IJi(ied only two candidates for Ihis toumumenl, Mrs. Steven· lion anc! ?Iis~ Karl[ I ied for second place in the Zone 4 Tournament held in New Orleans last year, and FIDE' hos acctlJ)ted both candidates.

At the annuol meeting o[ FIDE held last beecmber, it was estub· Iished that in future Zonal Tourna· ments lies would be 'broken by the Sonneborn·Berger system.

The winner of the Women's World Championship Candidates Tournament will playa match with Elisuvetta Bykova fo r the World Cha mpionship. .

This will be Mrs. Gresser's sec· ond World's Candidates Tourna· ment and Miss Kartf's third. While Mrs. Stvenson has not tlken part in the World's Candidates Tourna· ment since their origin in 1949, she has played two matches for the world's titl(! with the fam9~ Vl,! rll Menehik. More about these matches

. in a later issue. Mrs. Mary Selensky of Philadel.

ph ia has been a strong chess play· cr and enthusiastic chess promoter for many years. A busincss woman and mother of two children, she has found time to play in only two na· tional tournamcnts_1949 U, S. Women's Championship and t he 1954 Zon al. She will be one of the twelve players invited to play in the 1955 U. S. Women's Champion· ship.

Penn-Scratcbes (Official Bulletin of. the Pennsylvania Slate Chess Federation) carries the followin g no te and game in the February iss ue.

"Pennsylvania Woman Champion Mary Selcnsky draws a nice game wit h veteran Master Barnie Winkel· man in the 1954 Franklin Chess Club Tournament."

White BARNIE

WINKELMAN T. P-QB4 N·K83 2. N·QBl P·84 3. P·KN 3 P·K3 4. N·B3 P-Q4 5. PxP PxP 6. P·04 N·83 1. 8·N2 P·85 8. 0 ·0 B·K2 f. N·KS 0-0 TO. P·KC B·K3 11. NxN PxN 12. P·K5 N·K

."'" MARY SE LENSKY

13. P.KB4 14. 8 .K3 IS. Q·R4 16. R· B1 11. R·K 18. Nx N 19. Q·B2 20. 0 ·K1 1 1. R-QB 22. Q .83 23. Q· K2 24. Q·83

Dr,wn.

Q·Q2 . N·B2

N ·N4 QR·N R·NZ P,.

IM(B4 P·NS

P.QR4 B·K5 8·B4 B·'I(5

Glover; vice-pres.: Eric E. Alber; treas.: D. A. Ciangiullo; 8t.'C'y, Emil M. Laur!. 'Renewal of AfIlliatlon FranchIse.

Me rcantile Library Chess Ass'n (Phil. adelphia ): Charles It. Pai ton. Sr. taUlt.'(! 10'1>·'11 to win the dub title, d r,wlng onC game "11th runner-up, VladImir Bomanov, who s<:ored 8'11·2'11. Third plaee went to J err y Ku mi)e1'8' with 8-3, while fourth and ntth "11th 7'h~'h cnch were Samuel Stlll .... U and Lollis T ep. litsky in lb .. 12-playcr event. A USCF Club AffUJatc.

«bess tife Vol. IX, Number 15 Tuesday, April 5, 1955

Published twiee II month on ,he ~th IUld 20th by

THE UNrrED STATES CHESS FEDERATION Entered as seeoDd da8s malleI' septembcr 5, 1946, at the post aUic. at Du­

buque, Iowa, under the ac t of M.arch 9. 1879. POSTMASTER: P leue return undeliverable copies with Form 3579 to Kenneth Harkness, USCF Busineu Mi n agel', 81 Be.:Ifo rd St reet, H aw York 14, N. Y.

Editor: MONTGOMERY MAJOR

USCI-- Mcmbcl'lIlJlp cation DC n atiOnal ONE YEAR: $$.00

Duell, Includinll lIub5(: r \ptl(lll to Chess LillO, a .. ml·.on .... 1 publl. chess raUnjt. and all other privileges:

TWO YEARS: ".SO THREE YEARS: $13.50 LI FE: $100.00 A new membership s!art.s on 211t d ay of month of enrollment, expires at the end ut the period (o r which dues a re paid. Family Dun for two or mofe mem­bera of one r~mlly Ill-ing lit sume add ress, includln¥ onl), one lubscrlptl~Q to Cheu Life, are at regular rates (sec above) for first membership, at t he roUow­Ing rates for O!I.:h IId (I\Uonll mcmbenl1lp; One )'ellr U _SO, two yel n $4.1$, three yean $5.7S. Sub5crlpllon r i te of Cheu Life to non·members I . $3.00 per yur. Sln,le eopiu ISc e11Ch. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Four weeks ' notice r equlrc"d. When o rde ring .:ba n,e pleatc furnish an address 8ten.:11 lmpresslon from rt.-ce,n t issue ur exact repro­duetlon , Inc ludin, numbert and d ale. on top line.

Send m e mbersh ip d ues lo r subscr iptions) a nd chang" of a d d,.." '0 KENNETH HARK NESS, Busln.ss Manager, .1 Bedford Street, Ne w York 14, N. Y. S.rId tourn l m.nt r.ting report. (with f .... If any) -.,d a ll commun ica tions r. .ardlng CHESS LIFE editorial m atters to MONTGOMERY MAJOR, Editor, 123 North Humphrey A~enue, Oak Pa rk. III.

Make all ched:, PilyahJe to: THE UNITED STATES CHESS FEDERATION --- , ROBERT W. REDDY

I T is with g reat regret that we note the passing on February 11th of Robelt W. Reddy, for four successive terms pres.idcnt of the Massa­

chusetts State Chess Association. Taking office in a low moment in Massochusetts chess activity when the State Association showed signs of gradual decline, Mr. Heddy instilled such vigor <lnd enthusiasm into the organization that chess activity in the MSCA attained new heights of activity, which under the capable guidance of his successors it has maintained to this day. Plcasant and aCfable as 0 correspondent, untiring and imaginative as an administrator, the passing of Robe-lit W. Reddy leaves a vacancy in New EngJnd chess that will be difficult to fill. But the new liCe instilled into the organization he so greatly rebuilt will re­main as 0 las ting monument to his own ability and memory.

WORLD CHESS CHAMPIONSH IP 1954. By Harry Golombek. London: MacGibbon & Kee, Ltd. xviii , 166 pp., di"gs., iIlus. IS shillings ($2.10).

EXCEPT for tohe contestants Smyslov and Botvinnik, Harry GQlombek is probably the man best p laced to edit the games oC the second

stand-off moteh, for he was one of the official judges for the event. His account is hib'hly circums~an.tial, foreiCied with post-mortem anolysis , first hand impressions of thc crowd and playing l'Onditions, and eye-witn ess experience of the games. Botvinnik -supplies a foreword, Smyslov a postscript. Prelimin.::tr ics to the heavily annotated games ine1ude bio­graphies of champion and challenger, score-table of the Zurich Can­did ates' Tournament 1953, openings analysis, and game-scores o[ the twenty previous encounters between them (Botvinnik 7, Smyslov 2, drawn 11).

The games have been hashed over in every ehess periodical this re­viewer has seen, but t heir treatment tlerc d iffers most interestingly in being integ rated with the scene. Each is prefaced with a description of the setting, the progress of play, the beoring of the outcome. Among the photographs included, one will perhaps amuse as well as edify. It shows the players "in acute time trouble." Botvinnik is s itting back in his chair, rclaxed; Smyslov leans calmly on the .table ; the most excited person is Opocensky. the umpire.

ALLENTOWN CITY CHAMPIONSHI P Allentown, 1954-55

'00% USCF Rated Event ,. Mahlon Cleaver ........ ........... .. ....... x , . , , , , , , , , , , , , ,,~ ,. M. ChatfIeld ....... ~ ..... ........ ~ ... O x , , , , , , , , , , , , •• 3. J ack Mack ..... _.- . _ .. ... ..... - .......... _ .. 0 , x , , , • , 0 0 , , , , S,,-4l •. Paul Sherr .... -.... -............ -. .. _._ .. 0 , , x , , , , , , , , , , .., 5. Woodrow Young ........ _. .. _ ..... _ .. 0 , , , x , , , , , , , , , .. ,. Clarence Ziegle r _:: ............... _ .... _ .... 0 , , , , x , , , , , , , , ,,. ,. Jo~ph KreJnus ._._ ........ __ ~ ............ O , • , , , x , • I , , , , n-5~ • William Schuler __ ...... _ .. _ .... _ .......... 0 , , , , , 0 x , , 0 I , " , ~. .. William Raudenbush .......... _ ..... _ .. 0 , , , , , I 0 x 0 , , , , ,,~

!G. Mkhad CCUnek .... ~ .................. ...... O , , , , , • 0 , x , , , , ,,. ... John Wokrtn 3-10. ~ 2. John Mayer 2~-10 , ". David GurSki 1·12; ... Pxu! Gurl<kl 1·12.

D. Gurski lorfelted to Wokrin, Young, Cleaver, Krejnus, Mack, Schule r, Ziegler, and Mayer; P . Gurski rOrfeited to Schuler, Raudenbusb, Cesanek, SherT, and Ziegle r; Wokrln forfeited to Yo ung, Cleaver, an d KreJnus. Paull Sherr tournament director.

Text of the Resolution for Expulsion Of Norman T. Whitaker B ELOW is text of the resolution s ubmittcd to the Executive Com­

mittee or the United States Chess Fedcration in regard to the propos'at lo expel Norman 1'. Whitaker from membership. This resolu­tion was aCl-ompanied by a reprint of the s ix pagc m imeographed cir­cular, dated December 30, 1954, issued 'by Mr. Whitaker which formed the immediate basis for ·this action:

TO THE EXEC UTIVE COMMITTEE UNITED STATE CH ESS FEDE RATION :

Artide IV, Sec 2 of the By-L..ws of the Unit ed Sf.tls Ch"s Feder . · ' ion n to membership, p rovides: " SKflon 2: In the aven t tha i any me m"'r of the USCF s hould .,. gu ilty of conduct which In the ludgm. n' Clf the Executive commltt.e s hall tend to bring the II lme of ch .. , into disrepute, hi s membe r · s h ip may'" revoked, with s uch provlsloons ftt s uspenSion o r r.l n­sfl tement as thoe Exeeutive Commilte. mly in each C&$e de te rmine." ..."Icle VII, Sec. I , (e) IS to the dut l.s of f he Execu,ive Commitl ... provided: "Sec. 1, (e) T;ok. such .dion IS may be required wi th respect to ravoc;atlon, suspension and reinstatement of membenh ip as pro­vided In Arllcle IV, Sec. 2. of the By· L. lws!' Norman T. Whit;oke r , of Shild y SkSa, Ma ryllnd, Is ;0 m . mber of the

United States Chess Federation and for several y.an h &$ been a dis­gruntled member, and on many ;o nd n umerous occasions h.s publicly denounce d the F. der;otlon a nd ils off lceu e nd deflmed their good n;om e by making dlnet accuullons of misconduct ;o nd by Innue ndo acculld them of crimes, and recently urKIe r d " le of December 30, 19$4, the saId Norman T. Whitilker publ ished and wide ly cirCU la ted a six page m im eographed le lle r which trl n scends all boundS of free sp eech . nd .ven common d .. Cency. A copy of which letler was sent to many per$Ons 6nd purportedly H nt to aU USCF memb.n in Marylll\d I nd to a .. th. Directors of USCF in the United SlIt.s. In Did letter Ih. SOlId Norman T. Whitaker mlde fa l ~e, scurrilous Ind libe lous I tt.llC k on the Federltion as a n organiZition arKI OIgalnst 'he office,. individually and co llectively, and by relson of which corKIuct on the part of the nid Norman T. Whitlker h. Is an undeSi rable member of the Federltion. NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOL.VED BY THE EX ECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE UNITED STATES CHESS FEDERATION : (al The' t he membership of Norm"n T. Whillker in United StatH Chus Federation ' be . nd the sam e is hereby immediately revoked and cancelled . (bl That the said Normln T. Whitaker be fo rever barred from pilrtkipating in any Tourna ment , Miltch or other chess event sponsored b y the United S'ates ChIOU Federation or its ,,'f!l lates. (c) That in the fu t Ure no tournament in which the said Norman T. Whit. Ike. par tlclpa t.s will .,. ra ted by USCF. (d ) That the said ,",onnan T. Whit;oker be barred from ever 8galn becoming I member of the United St .. tes Chess Fede ration except upon written appliul ion the refor accompan ied b y apolegy 10 the Federation a nd lIs off lceu fo r the libels ilnd and s la nders heretofore committed by him . Proposition to .xpel Norm ;o n T. Whitaker from United St;o tH Chess Fed­e rat ion:

Proposltlon (;0) I vote (yes Or No) _ .. _ .. _ ... .......... . Proposition (bl I vote (Yes or No) .. _._ ...... _ .... :. ... Proposition (c) I vote (yH or No) __ .. _ ... _ .... __ .. Proposition (d) I vote (VH or No) ..... _ ...... _ ....... _ ~emarks, if any:

.... --· .. ·-.. --.... -· .. ·sl;~;t~-;~·-;;i·;tik~; .. .;;ti~·; Official tabulation of the votes of the Executive Committee,...upon

these four propositions in the above resolu tion were as follows: Propos ition ,.): 9-yH 2.-no Proposition (bl: a-yH 3---no Proposition fc): 7-yes 4--no Proposition (d): 8--yes 3---no Thre e members of the Executive Committee abstained from voting.

Mr. Wh itaker has thc privilege of petitioning the USCF Executive Committee for modificotion of this action, and the Committee will con­sider any statement he n'wy wish to make in defense or extenuation of his actions, and upon presC'n tation of valid arguments for modification of its verd ict, the Executive Committee will make such modifications os it deems fitti ng and proper.

Dear Sir: Now that the Ofneers a nd Directors of the United Sliltcfo Chess Federation

have suC<'eeded In barring the smaller clu b.!; from using the USCF Ratin g System it would appear that the only privilege lert to the USCF mell'tbers of these smaller clubs is the right to pay $5.00 a year fo.· a paper whose subscription price Is $3.00 a year.

WIL.LIAM WIL.COCK ]amefto,.,n , N. Y.

:Many smnll Clu hR dl~gree with l\1r. WilCOCk'S diagn osis, to Jud!j:e rrom reC<'nt letters and recent aftlllaUon$. These club~ feel that over the P<lrlod o f a year, the $10.00 Affiliation fcc plus the nominal Hie per game r aUn/: fee (with the club championship rated without fee s) rep resen t less Investment th~n the $1.00 raUnJ! ree per t ourn ament p al!! b y non·members of the USCF prcvlousl)'----$Ince In mO!<t small clut... only one or ·1.wo club members are USCF members. And USCF mem_ bers who are purchaslne their chess books and equlpmcnu trom the USCF Bus!­ne"" Office Indicate that they consider they possess othe r privileges lor their annual dues In addition to their subscription to CHESS LIFE. But does any other club join in Mr. Wilcock's grlevatlccs?-Ed itor .

NEW ORLEANS CITY CHAMPIONSH IP New Orleans, 1954-55

100% USCF Rated Event I. A. B. Wills ........ _ ............ _ ................. _ ..... _ .......... _ ..... _ ..... x j t ~ 1 • I 1 I a. A. L. McAule), ......... ...... ..~ .......... _ ... ~.. ........... x lOt 1 I 1 3. Mrs. Irene Vines .................. _ .......... _ .... _ ....... ... _ ...... 0 0 x I I 1 1 ~ 1 4. Frank Chave! ................. _ .. .......... ................... ........... ~ lOx 0 t tl 1 5. K. N. Vines ......... ......................... ............ . .. . .... ...... 0 0 0 t x liii 6. D. A. Wa lsdor1' 2~ ·5 ~; 7. John Marb 2~; 8. Albert F1t2gerald H,Sl; 8. Lively 17.

, ., 6H~ 5~-21 ,., ,., Jack

LARRY EVANS ON OPENINGS By International Master LARRY EVANS

U. S. OPE N CHAMPION, 1954

The "White to play and win" Variation A ROUND ten years ago Weaver Adams wrote a little book entitled

somewhat immodestly White To Play and Win. Thlb fortified, his opponents demolished onc line after another via prepared variations. Adams then issued Simple Chess, an improvement of his earlier analysis, but met once morc with the same fate. In tournaments, especially, he lost critical game after critical game with his beloved Vienna Opening. His lines aga inst all other replies except 1 .......... P-K4 had long proved in-substanti al, but his opponents feit morally bound to refute his exaggerat· ed claims COl' the Vicnna. That the Vienna "won by force" was an insult to <lny self-respecting master, who often felt called upon to defend the Hlack side Cor no other reason than that it had been martyred. Only recenlly has Ad'lms published analysis which clarifies a crucial variation

. in the Vienna, a suggestion of A lekhine's, which we are now in a posi-lion to assess theoretically. But, as ever, the ticking o[ the. clock must provide the final vcrdict.

The characteristic movcs are: 1. P-K4. P-K4; 2. N..Q B3.

Position lifter 2.. N .Q8 3

According to Adams 2. N·QB3 "better C(lnforms to fundamen tal pl'inciples than any other move in the position. It develops a piece to a very natural square. It pre­pares P-KB4 hy preventing Black's counter thr llst, P-Q4. (2. N-KB3 obs tructs P·KB4.) It kecps open the line Ql to KR5. F inOllly, it fortifies White pawn at K4."

According to Fine, "Black has a number of good defenses. While there ore numerous tra ps to be avoided, on th e whole Hlack can equalize cas ily and frcquenUy gets an advantage."

Whence this disparity of judg­ment? How can the best move in the position permit the sCC(lnd player to "equaIi1.e easily." To un­dersl:md the vigor of Fine's coun­ter-statement, one necd not seek far. He need only glance at Simple Chess to lind the fo llowing theore­tical insult: 1. P-K4. P-K4; 2. N­KB3? This questionmark started a Uieorclical revolution !

The 1ll0S~ energetic move for Black is !lOW 2. • N-KB3 (2. ......... N-QB3; ' 3. B·B4, B·B4; 4_ Q-

~~il: 4~li~~~~~, i~x~~i~'~~,voQ: R5 ch is rrom a game between Adams amI Sandlin); 3. 8-84 (3. P-84, p .Q4! ; 4. BPxP, NxP=).

J o in the USC FI It II . Iways . • IOVftd open lnll move.

In this position Black's most ag-gressive reply is 3. ......... NxP. recommended by Alckhine, lcading to a crucial variation where Black must be prepared to sacrifice a Rook! 3 .......... B-B4 leads to a K's Gambit Declincd, e.g., 4. P-B4, P­Q3; 5. N·KB3, N·B3; 6. P·Q3, B,K3; 7. B-N5, Berliner-Evans, US Junior Chmp., 1946.

(Incidentally, it is interesting to observe how Adams himself de­fends the Black side of a Vienna! Evans-Adams, Lob Cabin Chmp .• 1900, went: 1. P·K4, P·K4; 2. N-QB3, 8·84!?; 3. B-B4 (N-B3 is better), p : Q3 ; 4. P-Q3, N-QB3; 5. N-R4. Q-B3; 6. NxB, PxN; 7. B-K3, P-QN3; 8. N-K2, KN-K2; 9. Q·Q2, P-KR3; 10. P-84. B·K3 ; 1 t. BxB, QxB; 12. 0-0, 0-0-0 ; 13. P-BS, Q·Q3; 14. P-B6!+~

Adams·Evans, US Opcn ' 1950, continued from Diagram 2 with a prepared variation: 3. .. ...... , B­B4; 4. P-B4, BxN!? ; S. RxB, NxP!?; 6. NxN, P -Q4; 7. P·Q4, PxB; 8. BPx P , Q-R5 ch; 9. N-N3, QxRP; ]0. K­B2, Q-R5; 11 . P -R.1, N·B3; 12. R­Kl , B-K3 ; 13. R·K4, O·K2: 14. N­R5,O-O-o; IS. Q·Rl , Iffi..Nl; 16. R­R4, P-KR3+

After 3 .......... NxP; the crucial variation goes; 4. Q-RS, N-Q3 (forced); S. 8·N3 (QxKP ch, Q-K2 leads to comolete equality), N·B3 (Black can still avoid the sacrifi-cial variation by S .......... B-K2; but acter 6. QxKP •. o.o:.t!- P-Q4, N-B3: 8. Q-B4. B-83, 9. Di-B3, R-R! cb, 10. B·K3. Black is cramped); 6.

N·NS. P·KN3: 7. O-B3, P·B4; 8. Q . QS, Q·K2 (or Q-H3-it is a mOf\. point which is the better square); 9. NaP ch. K·QI ; 10. NxR, P·N3

DiofJrofm No. J

far, so Alekhine. It was his opinion that the Vienna was un­playable because of this sacrificial defense. This is the position where Adams has evolvcd a completely flew defensive l.'QnCept with the White pieces. In his words:

"Indeed, it has to be admitted th at a casual appraisal of the posi­tion tends strongly to confirm Alek­hine's oPinion. White's Queen is precariously situated. Most of White 's pieces are undeveloped. while Black's pieces will develop quite rapidly. White's Knight is trapped at R8.

" . white players have general­ly f urther compromised themselves by the following mistakes: Not ap­preciating that time is equally as important as material, rather than compel the opponcnt to take the t ime to capture the Knight a Ra, they play NxNP. (The Knigh t is lost anyway, so why not get a pawn for it?) Failing to realize the im­portance of diSC(lvering a safe h aven for the Queen, they have considered it more important to get Castled and get the oieees out, and so have olaycd P-Q3 or N-K2. Also, it is by no meaRS incon­ceivable that the following, rather subtle combination has been over­looked: 11 . Q·83, B·QN2; 12. N·K2. N·QS; 13. NxN!, 8 xQ; 14. Nx8 ."

If this combination is sound, then 12 ...... '" N·Q5 (1) is serious­ly open to question. yet thcre will be no effcctive way to prevent White f rom castling and consoli· dalin,!!:. It must be noted that if 13.

..... PxN dis. ch. (instcad of ........ , BxQ) ; 14. Q-K2. BxP; 1S. R·KN1, B:xN; 16. QxQ ch. BxQ: 17. P-Q3, White should win with the ex­change.

Further, if this combination is sound. then the entire Vienna Variation must be aooraised in a new li ght , and an entireTy new de-

(Please turn to page 7 , col 1 )

AfSS tl~ T""d",. Peg. 5 'II} } ~ April '. 19H

Bo,ton "AII·S tOllrs" from. Boylston. Harvard, CambrIdge and Lithuantan Chell Clubtt bested reprullentative. from lhe North Shore Chess League 6~-2\o!1 . For Boston H. Lyman, K. Mer­kls, A. Kllnushkolf. Church, and Thom_ 1100 won, .... bile Tirrell. SeletUy and Merrill drew; for lhe Nortb Shol'll J . Cul'do. D. Coin. and J. Samvan lawed wins while 'f'royel'5, II. Gould, li nd D. Garratt drew.

RaCine (Wis.) Chns Club: Victory In the club ehampion.ship went to ltudy Xun}. wllh 6'n-'!.., drawing with nonner­up Wa.1tcr 'teubner who place<! second with 51.1l.-1'h. Art Mon~ky was thin! witb $02, and Frank Buttenhorr placed fourth wILli 4'h.·2'h. In the 19 player Swiss. A USC .. - Cluh Afntlatc.

UN ITED STATES AMATEUR CHESS . CHAMPIONSH I P

TOURNAMENT to be held a t the fam ous

Mohegan Country Club Lake Mohegan, N. Y. May 20-21-22, 19S5

PllIY for the U . S. Amateur t it le and enloy a weekend of chess at boaut ifu l Lake MohegOiln. Swimming. boating, tennis, ha ndba ll. basketb.U. plng·pong. bridge a nd other . ctiv!­ti es for pillyus, the ir fa m ilies, .nd visitors.

DETAILS IN A NUT-SHELL Who Can Play: Open to all chess­players except rated Masters. Six Rou nd Swiss: 1o'lrst round 9tarlll S p.m. !<harp on Friday, May 20th. Last round ends .bout 8:30 p.m. Sun­d ay. May 22nd. Awards: Winner rccognl:r.ed as Unlt"tt States Amateur Chess ChamPion and gels trophy. Woman with highest score wins title of Woman Amateur ChC:l!s Ch."'plon or the U. S. and get.~ trophy. Also trophlcs (or Class A and Class B plnyers with highest scorcs. No cash prl~f!!. Strictly a ma_ teur event. '00% Rated TournOilment : PerlOlTn_ a nces of all players wUl be nted by the USCF. You can obbln a naUonal rating or lmprrvc YOur present rank· Ing by playing in thl~ evenL Time Limit, etc.: 50 moves In 2 hOUr!!. Unflnhhed .I!::>mes :ldJudlcated after 4 houl'$. Adjudk:ator: U. S. Master MaIl: Pave),. TIes broken by Median Sy:stem. Palt"!n,s by lIarknel<S System. Director: Kenneth Harkness. Cheu Clocks: On'y a limited number of clocks will be available. Please bring your o .... n If POUlblc. Seu and boanls will be provided. Spe<:ia l Low Ra tes for Lodgings: Pla}'crs and vlsltora pay only $3 per night for 10<II:Inl:5 at MQhegan Coun· t ry Club. Halr·prlee for chlldren under 12. Private r oom tor One per· son: $4 per nlrht. Meals at reason· able rates can be obtalned at res­laurnnts and luneh·rooms nearby. How to Get The re from New Yo rk: By traIn from Grand Central or 125th SL to Peekskill. Bussel and taxis meet all expl'eSll train&, take you di rectly to Country ClUb. Allow one hour and ten mtnutet on Clq>J'<:SS train plus 20 minu tes on buS. By auto: West SIde HIghway to Saw Mill River - Taconic Parkway from Hawthorne Clrele. len turn at Route 1(l2: one mile to LeXington Ave. and right turn to Country Club. Ent ry Fee: $5.00 to USCF membel'$. Non·members must also pay $5.00 USCF dues. Entries and Reservations for Lodg­Ings : Entries wlll be accepted a"t the Mohegan Country Club up to 7 p .m. (hu t no later) on Friday. May 20th. However. to enable the management to make arrang ements tor your COm· fort. pleafie mill your entry and reservation In .dvance. The sooner the better. Mall ,"our entry fee and reservation (with o r without pay­ment ror lodglnJs) to the United Sbles Chess Feder1'ltion at the ad_ d ress below. DO IT NOW!

UNITED STATES CHESS FEDERATION

8 1 Bedford Street New York 14. New York

GAMES BY USCF MEMBERS Annotated by Chen Masler JOHN W. COLLINS, Mo.-hall Cheo. Club Champion, 1954

USCE MEMBEIlS: S .. I" .. ., 701lr'"om ,./n" Jo. IhiJ Jtp.r'mmt Ie JOHN W. COLLlNS,91 Lt "IIX Rod , B,oolcf,tI 11, N. Y . Sp.IU Hi", !imilttl. Mr. Col/in, ..w ~fut ' hi mOlt j"/tuII;", flnJ ;"" tuetm ' lit /I .. bli'tltUm. U nl,,, oIM"",~ Jlu,tI Il0l1. to "''''tl ,Ir' 6, Mr, Collin,.

HAYS IN LOrWON Rhy, lV. fI"" of New Yo.l. mill'

tI,/ui,IIb1, .-or.!: .. , i" the C4'UK 0/ Amni· t." InJcmJI'Ai<ttc C~JI. i, tempo,,,,,,, • lliI; .. , i .. IAnt/on. He lOO.\: *''''''''111.' 0/ tim"., CfHft/H,j", in 1M AI,t._It S«l icHt 0/ 1M P,nJliu Rt.trrtl TOIlm4mC'" ttl

H flSti"IU. On' 0/ hi, m'o'~I. " bride ,Do,t ,110". /011011'1 .

SICILIAN DEFENSE Meo: p aSl' 292. column 136 (b l

Premier Rese.yes Tournament Hutlngs, 1954-55

White Bleck R. W . HAYS

1. p .Ke fl. KtoQ83

I. C. KIRKWOOD '.084

The Closed Syntm ol t he SId.llIl.D. 2. _HH KI-QBl 3. P·84

The most usual way is 3. P-KKts. p ­KKt.3; 4. B-Kl2. B-Kl2; S. P -Q3. P -IQ; 6. B-K3.

3. __ •... P·KKt3 Or l. __ , P·iC3; 4. Kt.-B3. P -Q4; ~.

B-Kt:l, Kt.-U3; 6. P XP, KtxP (florvat.­TImct. Zalreh, 1949); with equ al ehlm:e$.

4. KI ·B3 B·Kt'2 S. B· KtS __ ..

White IIvoldl I .hut-In KB (5. P-Q3) and p l.nl to reUev!! pre$.'lure on h1I Q4 with BzQKt. s. _.__ P-Kn Tbls ls on the slow Side. Most log1eal lJ< S. -.. P_K3; prep. ring __ """'" and . __ , P.Q4; and discouraging P.KBS by Whl l •.

.. 0-0 B_KH 7. P.Q3 Kf·R3

Still pmerlble II 7. __ • P-K3; ___ , KKt.-K1.

•• P ·BS! A poisun P awn.

I ........ .

Now Blaek auffen a s t ralt!gically Ion glme. The Pawn should be deeUned. • nd development adyanced with L _ , 0.0.

t . Qax Kt a xB 10. BxKt

Exception: Two Knl&hts are bet.ter than Two Bishops!

10 • • __ •• " BxB ;If 10. _._ .• PaB; 11. Px? (II . Kt-KS? Q-Q:I ch; wins a piece) leave.s Whlte with II powerfUi .-rlp on thc p~IUon.

11 . Kt ·KS! __ .. Threulenln, U. Q-R5, U. RzP, or 12. KtxBP.

PERSONA L SERVICE

TM Edito, 0/ thit D ep.tntmrtlt ... i11 pJ.,y ·,.0" • ,,,me b,- m<tit. mmmrtlt 0"

.n-ery _ • . .. d ,iTe ,.011 " Ihonmgh pod_ ,,,me .",,1,-,;,. Ftt 110.

Mr. CO/lint .. ill .II» ...... oIdfe "n,- tnI(

of Yo", ~ .... e, /or • /ee 0/ $1.

m. P'f T.,",." P .... "I,ess 1.1 e Ap,", ""

11. __ • B·Kkh 12. K· Rl P·KR4

It II. __ ._. p.K3; 13. PXP, Q-B3; 1"­KtJ<B, PxKt; l!I. Q-Bl, wtDL

13. Rz P P·B3 £lie 14. KlxBP, wiJU •

14. Rz RP R.K Ktl It 14. __ , R-KBi; or 14. _ . B-Ra; 1:1. Q-Kt4, win ••

15. R·R7 16. Q·RS

White hu a fllrecd

0,..,,&1111 hne KO,tt! co",i,t~ .. tI,. i .. ,.."ult ,,"J t,",m"men' pi.". ... ilh Li .. col,,· it~, .,ith tM SitU", .. D~/tMt. Lift Slim· meJ U .. co/" SPOIII»,tt! " spui.J. S"il ..... n'nIt 10 betleJ Mq .. .,i .. t tMi, pt.r~rJ with 1M ;1IJ'K",iel 0/ 1M dt/e .. st. A .. d,. SI.I(­tis, H.,.e", .. IJ r..ty"' .. ~rn, lII~Jmt ,,,,m tM n-ent with .n 8-1 leo,e. HOWtWf it _ .. IJ tee'" Ihe-, nttt! .rtOther such 11)11'''''_ "'fnl ." Om.b.", Md.~Il.n ."J "eu .. d conti .. ue to SCOre .. ith ", .. 1.,,;1)' (Neb,.,­« Chess B"ffet;n).

SICILIAN DEFENSE MCO, page 268, column 17 e{AI

Mid·West Open Championship No_ Pl a tte, 1954

NOlet b,- U. S. Expert Dr. M. HtrtbeJ,tr White • BI.ck

B. LEWIS E. IRELAND I. P·K4 P-QB4 , . 8 · 1C2 P_KKU 2.. Kt-KB3 Kt-Qa3 7_ O,() a ·Kn :l. P-Q4 Px P L B·Kl 0-0 .. Khl P Kt·B3 t. P·KR3 So Kt'()B3 P-Q3

I move square KKt4 ,;,~,: to;; ?;,,;; •• ~i. ,Iyes Black a &:ame favorably. t . _._. P-Q41 10_ p .B3 Already tbe deel$lve error. No better would be 10. B-K3; oDJ.y 10. PxP CaD equail~. to. _ P. KoI' 12.. "'P fOXP 11_ KhKt PzKt 13.. B.KKts B.K3 Black b..u by far the better ,ame due to hll oec:upallon of the center. 14. Q.Q't P.QS 16. ,..Kt Q·KU 15. Kt·K4 KhlKt · 17. Q-B1? _. __ 11. B-Q3 Wll the lesser evil, thout:h even then 17. __ .• p .8.( would assure Bladt'. positional advantage. 11. __ ... P.Q6ch It. BxQ PxR{Q)ch I L B·K3 ,..a 20. OxQ PxB Well p layed. Two bishop. a nd a rook is a barKaln lor the queen. 21 . P_R3 P· 841 Correc:tl Tbe Bishops need open linea. Now Blaek's pawn is f ree to boot. Blaek decldCli the .-ame witb a t ew quick atrokes. Open line. and open me. de­cide. Eve n If While had eonllnued more cautiously, be c:ouLd not prevent Quick defeat . A nlee e rtort by BI.ck. 22. P x P a xp 26. R.QI B·KS 23.. Q.BoIch K·Rl 27. Q-Kf4 Rx Pch 24. Q·B' QR.BI 21. K·R' R·KtSch 25. q Jljq Jc;t P Rx P Rlllgns

ji

VP AND CHAM PION

P".d Rei,..."n. /o,m(./,. 01 Pol.mJ, i, Vict·PwtJt .. , 0/ the P"mo Rico CMss Feder"tion .mJ ell" ! .. ' Cluml io.. 0/ Pue,to Riro. Ht,e is " .. ,nili .. ,. (0",11'­e"ttt! ,.mt M "" 1,0'" Ar/ .. ro CololI, 1M ' .. n .. ~r·u', ;n 1M C".,,,,,io .. ,/);,.

RUY lOPEZ MCO: pa ... 251, colum" no

Puerto Rieo Ch .mplonsh lp Puerto Rico. Dec .• 1954

White BlACk P . REISMAHN A. COl.ON I . P .K4 P ·K4 4. B·R4 KI·B3 2. Kt -KBl Kt.QIIl So O.() P..QKt4 3. B.KtS P.QR3 Seen infr equently, thili. quite p l.yable.

6. B.Kt3 B·K2 Or • . _._ .. , P-Q3; or •. __ ._., KtxP ; trl n. !>Nlnl: Inlo the Closed DdenlO or Open Derense, respe<:tively.

7. P-Q4 7. P ·QR4 (the WIn, p~IUon. dttOcult to ,. -

.. P-83 9. B-K3

Attaell:l. leadS to Judie.

P.o, B·Kt J

More prud ent Is t. P-Qs.. .. - ..., A specu1atlv~, yet l<\>klled. aDd p romb­in&:. line ls 9. __ , KKtxPl 10. B-Q5, Q . Q2; It. Jb:KKt. P ·Q4; I%. D·D2. p.\t ~; 13: P-KR3, U" Kt! 14. Pz B, QxP; 15.. P XP, P-B4! 16. o-m (Iii. PxBP. B·Q3!), BPxP.

10. QKt.Q:I R.KI More vlgorou. ls 10. _ . K t.-QR4; 11. B-D2, PXP; I%. PXP, p .B4.

11. P-QR4 KPxP 12.. 8PxP B·KBI 13 .. p z p

13. R·BI Is prefcro.blc. 13. _ _ !of. Rx R IS. Q.B2

It. Kood alternatl<re I. Is.. (16. QxP! R-B I).

Px' ••• "' .. __ •• Kt-QR4!

'6. P -KS! • __ From now nn It is • blUer h :1mmcr lind tong. melee! 1' .. _._.. Kt_KtS TL Kt ·KU P ·KI3 17. Q· letl Kt / 3-04 It. Q.K4 B·B4 U 19 •.••. M ••• K'tx8? 2(1. 8 xP elt.

20. Q:B3 _ ..•• _ l1'.catenlng :II. P -Kt4, B-iC3; 22. Q-R3. p ·m; 23. Kt:<B. PxKt; 2.4. BzP.

20. ___ p ·an Now White'. attack ,",WI atroqer. Dest Is 20. __ , P ·R3.

21 . p..Kt4 B.K3 22.. Kt / 2-K4

22.. Q.R3 Ind t2. KbiB .... 22. . __ 23. B.QI

:14. KtxRPI? A bri lliant t oueh which d Of" not ",em to stand liP .,.In$t the best deCence. The surest WilY is U. Q-R3, P-R3; 25. Ktd. RltKt; 28. BxP, wlnnlnK a Pawn and mal .. talnlng the .ttack. .

to. _ KxKt :IS. Q- IU ch K ·K n U . 8-1131

Th~aten lng male or the win of the Queen with 7:1. Kt.-Be cb.

U . .. __ Q.QI 7 ThiI is no t ratal, but It is not c:orre.et. Blaek should pilly 2&. _ , Q.R2! get· linK away f rom t he White KB. blllater· int tho second.. rank. keeplna- control of the QR-fUe. a nd. 1ll9lt ImportaJl t , prel5WinJ the QP,

27. B·KtS B·KTI' BeUer is 7:1 • .•••...•• Q·Kt3. ThO!. If 2&. Kt;...8G ch {2l:i. U-OO. U-KLZ). KtxKt; 29. 8xKt {29. PJ<Kt, Qxl"!). B-Kt2; lind Wblte', attack haa c:ome to 11 halt.

2L Q .R4 BxB H . KtxB KI.Q6

A •• ln, 29. ___ ., Q-KUI 30. R· RI

Wlllte alw.ys play. to win. De c:ould make ralrly aure or at least. a dnw with JO. UxKt, IlxB; 'I. Q·n7 eh. K.Bi; 31. Q·RI ell, X·X2; .u. Q·BG eb. K.Q2; U. QxQP ell, K·OI; ss. Q-R6 ch, ete.

30. __ ._ KI/6-851 This 1tI fataL Arter 30. __ • Q·KU! Black b..u very .-CIOd chances. £.1"., ' 1. Q·R7ch, X-BI; U. PxP, QxP/S! Or SI. q.n7 ch, K·HI ; 32. Q.R& ch. K·K2; 33. PXP ch, K ·Q2.

31. Q. R7 chi ___ _

Now thJ ngs roll nnd tile b l. risk on the 24th move pay. ott. AI the old aayinl live.: ".'or tune t,von the braye."

3' . . _._ . K·BI 32. R·R7 Kt·B2

U l2.. . __ .. , Kt.-K2; 33. Q.R8 eh, Kt-KU; 34. Kt.-1I1 mate.

U . Q_RI cll K·K2 34. Q.B4 ch K.Q2

3S. Olll(t _ White Is a Pawn ah~ad. bas • smashJ.n#" attaclt, a nd threat4tn. to w in a piece with 36. Ps.P oe .. P-Q$. 35 • . _._ P-<H 31. KI-84 R. Rl 36. K t ·R7 K·B3 38. Q.K3 Threatenln, 39. Q·ru.

31. ....•... P ·KtS '9. Q·al K·Kt3

There Is no detellle. Ir 39. __ •. , Q-QKU; to. QxP eh, K·Kt3; 41. Q.B!I mll te. 40. Q· Rl Q·K:I 42. Q-R4ch K.K" 41 . Q·R5ch K.Bl 01'. Bx P t Resigns U. Q.R5 mate II pend In •. And 43. _ , Bill; and 43 .. _. __ • KtxD; iOM the Queen. Quite a .-Ime!

TWO KNIGHTS' DEFENSE MCO: page m , column , (c)

Corresponde nce Game, 1955 Notes [i1 J. No,m"n Cotter

Whltc m ack C. CURTIS J . N. COTTE R ( H e .. York) (Harrington, Del.) I . P·K4 P·K4 6. B-KISch P_Bl 2_ Kt·K8l Kt.o.' 7. Px P P ZP 3.. B·B4 KI_K.3 I. B-1C2 P-KIt.3 4. KI-KU P-<H t . ItI·KBl p ·e 5. pz p Kf-.QR4 10_ Itt·1(5 ao08-4 This appcan to offer Btadt vastly su­perior ehance. than the line __ • B-Ql. 11. P.oB3 Q·B2 IZ. P-Q4 _ The alternative ls i1. P -K.D4 as In Fine­Steiner, 4th Ma tch ,.me 1944 In whim the IIIme c:onUnued; U. P_KIW, Kt·KU; 13. P-Q4, Pll? e.p.; 11 . Qxr, 0 ·0; 15. K t-Q2, K t-Q:I; 16. B-B3. H-IW; 11. Q.K2, Kt-Q4 In which Alnck'~ l.oslIIon b <:c r _ ,-"Inly worth the p~wn. P I.yln&: th is very 8IIme va ,·lntl.,n fo,· White a few months earlier I _ n ~nt a lost game after 18. Kt.-K13, B-K13; '9. P·Xt4 (Blaelt already threatened .. _ .•.• • r .B3 and _ . R.KII. Qtt·K I; 20. r xn . 1'·63; 11. nzKt eh, PlIO; U. Q-QJ, Q·Kt2; 23. X-QI • PJ[Kt: 24. ""P, ltxKP; 25. B-lM. KIrB5!; M. X·M .. R(31" P ; 27. B-Qt. \t.ll6; %I. Q-K2, Q-B3; 29. QR.KB1, p ·QS; 30. K_KU.

NEW LAWS OF CHESS

Official Ame r ican t ra ns l,.tion of the n e w I.ws of C he ss, copy­right 1954 by the United States Chess F e dera t ion, now .. vail ­..ble in mimeographe d for m. Centains a ll the l atest changes in Ihe Laws. as amended by the F IDE Cong relS at Sch.f­fh .. use n , 1953. Clarifie s m a ny ambiguous laws in the old code. Send 50 ce nts for one copy~ or $1 for t hre e copies, to the United State s Che lS Fede ra t ion. 81 Bedford. N ew York 14, N .Y.

GUEST ANNOTATORS Dr. Mex H~nb.rge r

J. Norme n ColI~r

K I.-Ktll; 31. UxKt, Q.K5 eh; 32. K·RI, p-Qtl; 33. itc.:slilns. 12. _...... PxP e .p. IS. 0·0 R-Kl 13. KtxP(Q3) S.Q3 16. P-QKt4? 14. P· K84 0-0 Prob nl.>ly the lotin, move. Developme n t with 16. Kl-Q2 or 16. Kt-I13 was hu· peratlvt:. 16_ •.•..... Kt-B5 17. KI· BS Bottt:r 17. 1(t.U.:!, Kt.KG, 18. UxKt, llxll. 17. .. ...... Kt·K6 I'. Kt·Q3 11. BltKI Rx S '1'ho eHoo·1 to h Ol(l onto everythi n ll l.s q uickly Catal , bu t In Imy case at t h is Po lni Wh ite l aeked a Ilood eon tln ua­tlon. 19. ....... Q.K2. :21. BxP 10. B-B3 S·RJI

(Stt JitJf!.ram tint fe/umn) '11. ........ R.Q1f'

S udde nly (,'lI r tis Is l o~t. lIIs Kt Is t wlee a t t aeked and U 21. P -Kt5, RxKl.! and Ih t: II Is Im lllune beeause ef t he

lollow-u p: _._._ , D-B4 ch , a nd R·KI eithe r ........ , B:xKl or a l so w ins.

'1'1. Kt·8'1 Wh ilt else? '12 • ..•.•• _ axR 24. Kt'Ql 23. KitS s xap Resigns At 1"...,,1 a not h er plcce gOO$.

WHITE TO PLAY AND WIN VARIATION (Continued from page S, column 3) .

fens ivc syslCm IllUl; t be evolved. is impressive. Much, no doubt, will Nol conten t with merely leaving 'be improved upon; still more will

this vllria tion in the air, Adams be refuted. This is the way of ll rocl!cd-s with the following analy- theory. sis, which we (Iuote verbatim, pro- Attempting to improve on Black's cccding from Di agram 4. play from diagram 4, Kmoch and

Diagrllm No. 4 1 a~alyzed the-following variation:

Position after 14_ NxB

" (I) 14 ......... , P -K5 j IS. N-Q4. (A) 15 ......... , K-Bl; 16. N-K2, K-Nl; 17. B-Q5, N-N2j 13. P·QR4!. KxN; 19. P 'R5, Q-B4; 20. P·QB4, PXP; 21. P ·QN4!L (B) 15 ......... , P-B5j 16_ ' P-QR4, K-B1j 17. N·N5, NxN ; 18. PxN, Q-N4; 19. QxKNP; 20. R-B1, P-K6j 21. B·QS. (C) 15. . ....... , B·N2; 16. N·K2, H-B1; 17. 0 ·0, P-B5; 18. R­K1, P -B6; 19. N·N3, PXP; 20. P-Q3, B·Q5; 21. B-K3, BxB; 22. RxB, Q­B3; 23. R·K2, PxPj 24. R-Q2. (0) I S .......... B·N2; 16. N-K2, P-K6; 17. P-KR3, PXP chi 18. ExP. R-Kl; 19. 0-0-0, QxN; 20. B·N5 ch, K-BI; 21. RxN, BxP chi 22. K-N1 (not KxB, Q-K4 ch), B-R6; 23. R-QZ, Q-K8 chi 24. R-Q1.

"(II) 14 ......... , B-N2; 15. P-Q3. p-K5; 16. B·N5, B-B3; 17. BxB, QxB; 18. PxP, PxP; 19. N-Q2.

"(Ill) 14 .........• K-Bl ; 15. P-Q3, P-K5; 16. B-N5, Q-Kl; 17. 0 -0, PxN; 18. R-Kl_

<'(IV) 14 ......... , P-BS; 15. P-QR4, B-N2; 16. 0-0, P-K5; 17. N-Kl, Q­K4; 18. P-R5, P-QN4; 19. P-Q4. Q­B4; 20. P-QB3, K-B1; 21. P·R6, K­N1; 22. N-N6, PXl"i; 23. P-R7 ch, K­R1 ; 24. BxP.

" (v) 14 .... ..... , P-B5; IS. P-QR4. P-KN4; 16. P-Rs', P·K5 (16 . ........ , P-N4; 17. N-N6, PxN; 18. PxP, K-Bl; 19. B-Q5;) 17. N-Q4, B-N2; 18. N­K2, P·B6; 19. PxP, PxN; 20. B-Q5; 21. N-N6." Analysis by Weaver Adams, 1954,

Natur ally, it is impossible to ex­haust all the resources inherent in Diagram 4, yet Adams' analysis

14 .. ....... , P'K5 (this must be rigbU)j 15. N-Q4, B-N2; 16, N-K2, N-Kl (with the idea of N-B3 & and P-Q4, which is too slow); 17. P·QR4, Q­B4 (ihreatening Q-B3) ; 18. N-BJ, N-E3 (not 18 . ........ , .BxN; 19. QPx B, Q-B3; 20. P-R51) j 19. O-O!, K-K2 (19. . ....... , Q-B3; 20. P-R5, PXP; 21. ft.xP, QxN; 22. P-Q3, g ives White a winning position)j 20. P-Q4!, PXP e.p.j 21. B-N5 (threatening N·Q5ch), and White wins.

It would scem, therefore, that all Black's difficulties arise when he attempts to win the trapped White Knight. He has an imptove· ment over the above varia tion, however: 14 ......... , F-K5; 15. N-Q4, .P·K6! (This Adams fails to con· s ider- taking inlo account only 15. B-N2; 16. N·K2, P·Kti; 17. 1'·KB31); now if 17. p.KB3?, Q·R5ch; or 17. P -Q3, PXP eh; 18. K-Ql (not KxP, Q-R5 ch), B·N2; 19. N-B3, R·Kl; 20. B-N5, 8-B3; and wins.

If either 16. BP or QPxP, Q-K5; wins the Knight without any trouble, though still not conclusive. It wou1d be interesting to see a practical test of this analysis.

CONCLUSION: Adams" analysis is still not conclusive, yet if sound 3 ......... , NxP must be considered d ubious, at best. If Black omits 12.

... , N·Q5, permitting the Queen sacrifice, White will merely castle and consolidate. If this sacrificial idea is knocked out, the Vienna will loom once more as a powerful weapon for the first player. ,Black, in eifect, will be compelled to en­ter the variations beginnin~ with 3 ......... , B·84, which favor White. A practical test of 14 . .. .... .. , F-K5; 15. N-Q4, P-K6! from diagram 4 may decide the fate of Black's en­tire defensive concept.

North J e rsey Chess League: Orange routed Montelalr 6-2; Irvington_Polish bested I rvin g ton 5-! ; Elizabeth downed J ersey City 4.2; Northern Valley out­pointed Pla infield 4 '1.1.-3'1.1. ; and PhlUdor drew with Maroezy 4-4 In the seventh round f o the league. Maroe,-y retain.'l the lead wilh 5'h-l llZ in match. point>;, while second place is ·a triple·tie be­tWl:cn Irvington·Pollsh, Northern Val· ley and Club of the Oranges at 5-2 each. PhUidor Is fifth with 4'h-2 'h. A USCF League Affillaw.

by Nicholas Gabor

Solutions, r~muks. 'UR5I~'tlons, etc., as wall as coxnposltions by eny end ,II composers ere weleom~. Address e ll eommunlc;ationl to Nlchole. Gebor. Hotel Kemper lene, Clnelnnatl 6, Ohio.

P,obltm No . 147 By M.. Marisko Ziata Olesnice, C1echoslovekia

First Publication ",..""....----'"

Prob/nn No. 549 By Robert E. Burger Oakland, Californ ia

First Publication

Probltm No. 548 By Burney M. Marshall Shreveport, Loulsl"na

Dedicated to Dr. P. G. Keeney

First Publica t ion

--.=

Prob/em No. 55tJ By Dr. Gilbert Dobbs Carrollton, Georgia

Original, First Publication

ANOTHER set of "First Publication" contributions to CHESS LIFE'S Problem Depar,tment, one of them (No. 547) from Czechoslovakia.

In No. 548 one "Old-Timer" pays his respects to another. No. 549 in turn is by a "'novice" in number of years but already with remarkable ae­complishment.~ to his cr.edit. No. 550 was contributed by ,lohn Tangeman of Cincinnati, who W{IS aSf\ociated with the Rev. Dr. Dobbs, prolific com­poser of charming and polished and a t the same time easy and simple three-movers. This work was selected to invite our numerous regular , solvel'S who never "had the n erve" to tackle. a three-mover, to try their hand at it.

No. 53<i (Cook): I. B-Kt6, threat l'.. Jt.Q4 m aw, with mostly simple defensive p lay. N o . 536 (Guttman): I. Q-K5, threat 2. QxB mat e. Five g ood variations in tilU;

:Meredith. (Set: I . ........ , K:xKt; 2. BxB m ate!). No. 537 (Holladay): Set: 1. .. ...... • P-K6 d is. eh; l'.. Kt-Q4 mate! Key: 1. P-Q4,

threat 2. Kt-M m a te. 11 now: 1. _ .... _, P·K6; 2. . QxQB changed mate. No. 538 (Dr. Keeney): 1. Kt-K4. t hreat 1. Q.Q2 eh! and if 2. _. __ , KxKi; 3.

R·K6 or if 2 ..... ....• K-By 3. Kt-Q6 mate. Defense~ In vi ting good play: I .... __ • K. BS, 1. ._ .• P·B5, I ••.. ..... , RxR, 1 . ........ , R·KI.

USCF AMATEUR . (Continued from page 1, col 3)

event from 1942 through 1945, when it was discontinued. Victor in 1942 was E. S. Jackson; in 1943 Dr. A. l\Iengarini with E. S. Jack­son and Sven Almgren tied for second ; in 1944 E. S. Jackson again; and in 1945 Paul Ellis with E. S. Jackson in second place and the t hen junior Arthur Bisguier tied with L. Schneider for fifth place.

In the words of the poet, "U's a natural!" Only don't forget to bring

your chess clocks , if available. and your skill, for amateur is often a deceiving word!

Manhattan Chess Club (N.Y.): Charles M. Sessa won the Winter Swl<;s on 80B points w ith (l-t, losing one game to Allen Rich . Second wa~ Vie to r Michalski,. a lso with 6-1, lo.'tl ng a game to Sessa. Daniel C. MacGrady was third with 5.1, w hile fourth and l ifth with 4~·ZY.t In the 23 p layer event were .Joe Tamargo a nd John PrIor. The tourney Was re­trlcte<j t o playen; wI th 1850 ratings or lower. A lISCF C1uh AfflHate.

m,ess tiff Tlle!J"" Page 7 April 5, 1955

T"tsaq, Pes_ 8

April " 19"

Pos ition No. 155 1. N·B?! (tt.l Kx..~ 2. QxPcb. K-N3

3. P·KN4 B-KS •. N.a4 mate. Several solvers: reco"nUcd this Alekhlnc-lI'eldl brilliancy ('ramopo!, .'.5'. Bladt lvi­dtnUY Clllnut pIli,)' : , ~_ KxQ In view of 3. N·NS ,rual... Many .olve ... sub ..... t­led 1. N·N5eb" and l! Z • .. M_ K·N. 3. Qxl'ch ylcltb &mothen.-<l m," I: 11 1. __ K.N3. 3. QxP is .. ,quaUy dedlilvi. Hence BI .. ck must tr)' 2.. .. M.... K·R but 3. NxiU'ch b d1llIllull(lnln". Therefore we accept 2. N·N5c:h IS corn!'Ct, .vcn If leu spccu,culn than the text.

B lack ~hou ld actually dtcUno wltb • 1 ... MM" Q.BI, whe n Z. QxP N·K4! 3. Qx.. ... 1

(not QxQ '!' NxNeh) 8ltN •. Goti' leav~,. White at leut two paw'~~ up with a winning a ttack.

The try J. N·JJ5 IbN 2. Qxl'eh X.IU 3. N'·N5 n·Kll e. Qxll N·K~ 5. Nxl'C PxN 6. Qx.KP N·B3, whUe It ulso wins two p .. wns, and, ulUmMely, the Il.llle. ICHVI!li B1.ck much more pili),. lind. lie·

0'1.",,& victo,·y. I t cannOL lie acwpted .. best move.

COrrect lolutlons lire oeknowled~cd from: David Amel , Pro!. A . B. Antho­m~ F. E. Arm.1lnHlJ(, F. IIllley, Jr" MUlon D. 8IumenU!a1. A . L. llolden, Abo!l II.. llomberluJI, J . E. Ilyrd, ... E. Coachman, W. J. COlltu rll. t V101l Fnnk, Dr. 11. B. Gaba-, Edwin Gault, Robert A. Hed:;:cock. John W. Homln~, Harrl· son Klndl" abury Kle in, YTed O. Knup. pel, £dwar'CI J . KorpanLy, £d"'ln.i F. LaCroix, Eugene T. Leininger, Ed Luk· SOJI, Milton J. MarUnea', Mi lt F . Muel. ler, Ho ..... rd Murray, Chari" M.u~rove, Peter Mulo', 1I:dmund N"hl Wunl.lll Newberr)" Rvnald O'Nell, Gevrge W. Payne. , lIerbert C. PJel'lSOn, Edmund noman, Dr. Max Schlouer, Ir",ln S~. nwnd, P aul II. Smltb , Paul J . Sommer, Bub Slelnmeycr', W. 1::. Steve"" . ' r an· cis Trask, F. J. Valvv, lI an~ 1.. Wei. gand, J . L. Welnln"cr, Harl ..,y D. WIl· bur, William n. Wilion. Nell P. WIt,. tinl, L. F.. Wood, und l>hU Work.

The solver. held a firm 48-11 grlp on the po.sl.Uon II we went to prc". 'Weleome to new solve~. tf'l'he White KIII"ht b MUdln" down Ule I'okcr.

Fini.sh It The Clever Way Position No. 1~9: I. JI·Q?I maCk ~.

sl¥m .. '<I. The threat II 2. Q. lI4I. l! 1 ........ .. R.KBI ; there euuld tollow: 2. ItxKt!, QxR; 3. QxR eh, RxQ; 4. Rxa eh. Kx.R; 5. Kt·K6 eh a nd 6. KtxQ.

Posltlnn Nn. 150: I. Xt-KR$I, RxR eh; 2. RxIt, l'ltKt ; 3. It.K3I, !l·UI (If 3 ......... , P·Kt5; 4. Kt·R6 ch, PxKt; :I. QxKtJ> eh, K.R2; 6. Q·M cho K·KtI : 7. It.K U ch wina); 4. 6 lt KIP!, B~B; !l. a .Kaeh, lie· Mlgnl. II S .......... !l.BI; 6. RxBeh, KltR; '1. Q.ft8 mnte. U I ...... M • • P~Kt; 2. RltR, H~R; 3. 8~KU' wins.

lWb«rlpt~ .1""""",,, for

rtiE BRITISH CtiES5 MAGAZI NE P'ounded In 1881 Ind now the o ldeat nhel p"rlodl",,' flI lant. Game, I!;dltpr: H. Golnnll)O!k- Proble m World: s.

Se(liwlCk -$3.00 I'Cr year (12 lu neal­

SJ'ow('ln!tn cop,. Uc SI)eclll th ln ·PRper edition, tent b y

AlrmlU ,4.70 per year.

C"N"DI"N CHESS CHAT 01110111 Orll.n 01 Ih,

C ...... ".d."llon III Clnlda Only ~ubll •• IIO" with nlUDn.1 o ..... g.: F. •• nlo. Ihm ... "rllol .. Ind ~",onllllle ...

Cln.dl.n Chili N . ... ' I Annual Soblcrlptlon: $2.75

CHESS WORLO t:"'mprchu .. r", Auolrlll... . he. "'"«0' ~I"~ edll...:1 by C. J . S. l'urd,.. Art l"' ...

InMU''''' irion ..... pFOhltm •. n •••. $l.oo per y\)ll'-12 lau ..

So ... ple OCIPY tOc!

O raer From CHESS LIFE, W No. Hu",ph •• , A ....

0lIl Par!;. 111,

::Journament ofJ~ Sand to CHESS LIFE, 123 No. Humphr.y Ave .. 0 151 P..,k, ilL for I""''sl.

tlon form for .. nnounclng tournlment In this COlumn.

Unless olh ... ",,;se SPK;t';e-d. all tourn l ments Innounced USC F ute<!. Rlting feu, if Iny, I r e included in sPKifled ra ling fe. lor n-on .... emb.rs USCF.

In Ihls column arl 1~ antry f .. ; no Iddltion.1

N. w Ap,j! J.4.1J

J er$oOy Hig h School Cham pionshi p Hoboke n , N.J.

RetlLrlcted. to undergr.du .. tu o( any hiC"h IOChoal, public or privatc, in N.J.: 6 rd S"'~; lit priu .. medaJ with other valuablo prill .. ; entry to. ,1.00 w1l.h USC.' me'nl.lerllhip requiced of all par­Udp;onta ($5.00); Entr,ea and inqulrie. to: WWlam Wa.lbrecht, 6 Webster Ave., Jersey City '1. N..J.

100% US(F ,.ted ,,,.nt. Ap,il 16·17, 2J·24, JIJ S Mq

Phila delphia Metropontiln Cha mp­ion ship

Phil adelphia, Penna. At "'ranklln Chess Club, 1614 Loco&!.

St., .... Jladelpnl;' &: Mereantlle LIb rary Chclai Au'n., 1421 W .. lnut 51.., Phil.del· phla; res~rlcl~"Cl to p lay(!r~ III Metro­vohtton I'hlladelvhla aNa; 6·rd Sw .... 411 moves In 1st ;t lmI, 20 :nov .. per I.r. U.ereal'ter; entry I'ell: $3.00; cuh. .nd bWk prbll.'Ji, nlllll~.r gep.mlil!g On number of entrlu; for de taUa, write WIlliam A. Ruth,. III GormliD. Ave., Collm.5wood, N. J.

100,," USC F ratltd event.

A pril 21·24 Inla nd Empire Open .nd Ente rn Washington Open

Spokane , W ash . Open; 6 I'd S",1Is With. 1~ hour Um.

limit; e ntry Ie. $3.00 1'1 .... · USCI' rat· In. fees; au.r.u\.c~'(i first prize of "lS; rankln,i' East Wuhl"'"ton resident wins K. W;owh. Utlc; at De$Ort Hote l, 1sL and 1'051, SpoklUle; (or deLl1b, write: Dr. GrIltith H. Packer, 41&' il.yde liIdj:., Svokan c I, Wash.

100% USCF r .. ted evant.

Mq 7-8 ~na 14·Jj Milry land State Ch.mpionship

Baltimore, Md. Oven to r.bl'yland ltate resldenl.!ll .ud

member, or Mllt),lond ehe .. clubs; at Arion Chess Club, II No. Car y St., Bal· timon: 7 rd Swiss, 50 moveJi in 2 lmI IS mini., adjudication lifte r 4~ hu p lay; p l·I1.U: GO'lIt , 30~ , and 10% of net; enlry fee $3.00 (plUM $3.00 dCpOslt tor com· l' lcllon of .schedule); brin" ""b and clockll 1I ava li lble; for details, ", r ite: Kenneth M. lJcnJes, 1312 Third Rd., ".Ith"ore W. Md.

100% USCF r .. t ed event.

Mq 6-8 W iseonsi n State Championship

Beloit, Wis c. At W~ht Arts Ha ll of Belol! Coi·

lege: res to'lcted to relidcnta or Willeo", aln; 7 Rd 5wl". lIaglnnlnll' Friday May 6 at 8:00 p .• n. ; trophie' to winner a nd hl~h ra nkln(l: playera; e nt ry fee: $4.00 for USC~' mambers (less $1.00 lor tbose whO joined the WCA between Jone I, 1954 Ind Mlreh I. 19~5). $.~.oo lor non· onen,l.Icl'$ (ratln" fees Includ~'d.); lor details, wrllt : Waltu W. Lch ...... lt. 1309 EmcrllOn SITaet, Beloit, Wls.

100"" USCF r .. tad event.

M"1 14·" Minne sota State Junior

Championship 5t. Paul, Minn.

Restrleled to Minnesota ~Sldents 21 yr$ and under; at Downto .... n YMCA. yth and Cedar; 5 rd Swiss, &turUi 8:30 a.m. Saturday: entry fell: $2.:;0; trophy Ilnd ealh prl~e for ht plus other pm.es; TO: Harry O. Field; for d eta il s, wrlte: Harry D. FIeld, % Downtown YMCA, 9th '" Cedllr St., St. Paul, Minn.

April 12·24

M.y 14.1' Ind iana State Championship

Logilnsport, Ind. RestrIcted to JndlilUI re5ldcnts in­

cludl", M~udcnt. .ttendlq: school and non·uate r .. ldenU "'ho .... mem!)ers of Indiana eluba; at :&amu: Hotel; an· nual election prcc:~'Od.1 tournamellt; play lurU 7:00 p.m. Saturday, May 14th; Ii rd SwlJa; e ntry fee $3 to $$ to be decided at ",~-eUnli prize,: 50'% of prize money to lit pillet. 3O 'lo to 2nd, 2O"J. to 3rd; playoCf of Ue ror a t, 5-B polnu used. otherwbe; b r lnl uts, baud .. aud clocb; tor det .. u... write: O. Eo Khead, :r1J5 Green St., O.ry, Ind.

I~ USCF ra ted .vant. M.,., 27·JO

Third Eas t . rn S tates Open Champ.. • ions hip

Phila d e lphia, Penna. Open ; lit ." .. nklln Che", Club, 1614

Locult St., Phlladclpbla &. Mere.nlUe Library Chelll! Aa;II'n., 1421 W. lnut St., PhUadelphll; 7·rd Swl!lf; entry tee: $10.00 ($7.00 to juniors born .. rur MIl' M, l §~) with U.60 re/und on compie­tlon 0' schedule, USCF membership re­quln.'(i ($5.00); cash prile.: fl$O for 1St, '115 for 2nd, $lIS for 3rd ; $GO for 4th; J40 Cor Sth. etc., totalling $500.00: for advance rcllltrllUon or detllll, wilte: William A. Ruth. 1:1 Gorman Ave., COl­lln(l:3Wood, N. J .

100% USCF ratltd event.

BOOST AMERICAN CHESSI

THE WORLD CHESS CHAMPION. SHIP, lUI, by Wm. Wlnta r .nd R. G. Wad • • All 2001 'Ime. of tbe Boivin· nill' Bronlteln match for the world title, lully anDotated. Also hlstano of world c.bamplozulUpa. 1" PP .. '7 dla.rama. W·20: $1.$0 1_ 41"" _M_M._,I .• ' CHESS TRAPS, PITFALLS AND SWINDLIiS by I. A. Horowlh and Frad Ralnf'ld. EntertRID.lDC lnatrue­tlon In tbe fin O IIrt 01 awlndllng. How to tet triP' lind how to avoid them. 24ll pp., 223 d l"rams. H·30: 'S.OO IUa 15'lo ........................ $2.98

THI! MIDDLI! GAME IN CHESS by E. A. Znosko.80rovsky. New r eprlnt or thl. famo us clllile on mld'Iam" I trnte,y Ind taetlc.. niustrlUve VOl ltlonl rully explained. 230 pp., 80 dillgr .. m •. Z·U: n.50 Ie. 15" ...................... $2.98

Mdy 28·JO Arizona Sta te Championship

Phoeni)(, Arb. Open to rtlldenu or Arnol1a; 1 rd

Sww; plllY begin. 9:30 a.m. M4)' 28; en· I't.l' fee: ~.OO; brln, .cIS and boards; recistnUon by m ... l or by 9:00 • .In. May 28; fur d~U1l..t «lnetlmll\l location, cle., write: Jamu Chrlslman. 1100 Weat Whitton Ave., Phoenix, Arb..

100% VSCF "ted & ... ant. 101.., 28·)0

TexIS Stat. Chllmpionship Oallu, Tn.

()pen to Texas nosWana and mJUlar)' personnel ,""Uoned in Te.a.; , nI SwW, 1wo C.mc.f per day; #U4l'ant.tH 1st. prUc or $75.00 pllQ pcnnaru!lI.t trophy; additional cub prlu:a and trophies; entry rt.'C $10 ph .. USCF mem· benJllp; cntrin recclYed In ParJ,or "C" ot Adolphus Hotel batw"au 11:00 a.m. and U:30 p.m., Satu.n!ay. Ma)' 281J1; ror dculls write: C. i'. Tunr, 2849 Fondreo Drlve,..t!allu 5. Tex.

1000000' USCF (lIed evtnt. M.., 28.JO

2nd Annua l Grut Litke, Open ChampionUtip Chicago, III.

Open; 1 nl Swl.slJ; $11$.00 lS( prize with additional cla511 A . nd n prizcs; ror details, write: AUSTIN CHESS ANO CII"ECKER CLUB, Auslln Town HILI, Central lind L:lke, Ch1easo 44, III

100% USCF ra led event . Mq 28·10

31st Annual Trans-Missl5Sippi

Dave nport, lowe Open; a t Chamber oC Commerce, Oav.

enport; ? rd Swl$S bCl'lnn l~ 1:00 p.m. :May Z3 to 4 :00 p.m. May 30; entry fe. $7.00 Includlnl' raUn, feea; lJUara..nteild 'UlO l i t prbe, totll $3~ euh pmel plus me rctulndlao, prlu, lor ClNI A, B, and C r . nkinl' pla"ers: lor dctalls, write: John Wlrren, "" Moline De.patch, MOline, III.

100% USCF rlte d tven t .

NEW BOOKS MY SYSTEM by ArOfl N lmzovlch . T he revised edition of tha ramou. d llSllic has ",aln beon reprinted.. Stratgey, tacUc. and pO.Jtlonai pl.)' explained b), tbe ,re.t mll.tcr who revolutlonl .. ed che.. the<lty. In· cludes 50 Of the author'. best ,(.m"" fully InnotDtld. 400 PP. U5 dlagram.s. N·n: $4.50 leN . lZ'lo ....................... 3.96

THE GAME OF CHESS by H . Golom· bek. A Pe " g lun handbook de,crlb· In" lhe "am. In lilt phlUlu. For be· glnne~ and ave ra,!:e plll)·cra. Paper cOver. 256 PP. 228 dl .. ,raml. G·14: SSe Ie .... 10'J{, ................ ONLY Stc

GAMBITS ACCEPTEO by L. Ii . Fletche r. Saerlllcn In tho ope.ni.nls elasslIied and explained. History, themu, variation&, t rsPI. M tllUlit r a. tlve "lImn. 264 pp., 119 dla~ram .. F-40: $4.50 leu 12", ..... MM.M.__ MP,"

A 8RliVtARY OF CHI:" b y S. TlIf. , .kowllf. Ne", edition of . n old lav· orite. Sectlonl on el .. nenU, opeD' Ings, midd le , ame , end ,ame. In· cludes 79 lIIullrllive lamel. 276 1'1' ., 112 dla,ram .. T·21: $3.50 ICII 10,., ._ ......... _ ...... $3.15

JUDGMENT AND PLANNING I" CHESS by Dr. MaX euwa, form" World Chimpion. Exeellen t tuition in mld·,ame .t.rat.en and tactlca. 200 pp., 170 dlalrarul. E·IS: $3.50 1_ 1$"" .. __ ... ~ __ M'2 •••

CHESS THE HARD WAY b y D. A. Yanofsky. Auloblography Ind Anno· tated games of brillnnt "ounll' C.n· adl an master who beat Botvlnnlk. 150 pp., 154 dlall'ram •. Y·10: ".00 I .. , 10'" ........................ '3.60

KINGS OF CHESS by William Wln"r. Vivid account 01 world title matchl. by Lnk~r, Cepa, Alckhlne, Euwe, Botvlnni.k. Annotated ,amel. 272 pp .• 61 dilirama. W·15: $5.1:1 leu U '" M._M.M.M __ .... 'S Kans as Sta t e Champions hip

Hutchins on, Kans. At lIutchlnllOn RecrelOtiona l Center;

1st I'd Friday nlte at 8:00 1'."1., 3 rd. Saturday, 2 rdl Sunday; Center wtll s-erve rel'rfl llments; brln~ cloch a nd ""II: for dchl"" write: W. D. Mc.Lau,h. lin. 6311 01"1'1')" l .4ne, Wichita 18, Kan ..

OI IleCH,l nt, 10 USCF me mbers only. M .. 11 your ord.r t_

UNITED STATES CHESS FEDERATION 81 BEDFORD STREET NEW YORK 14, N. Y .

100% USCF r .. ted event.