coresta16: exhaled aerosol properties in a room following use of ecigs

Please note that the views and arguments presented in this paper have been designed to encourage and stimulate debate and do not necessarily reflect Fontem Ventures' position

Xavier Cahours, Dainius Martuzevicius, Tadas Prasauskas, Ari Setyan, Grant O’Connell, Rémi Julien, Jing Wang, Stéphane Colard

Exhaled aerosol properties in a room following use of electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarettes


Context

Numerous studies have been conducted to know the impact of e-cigarette use on indoor air quality and bystander exposures. They concluded no apparent risk to bystanders from e-cigarette aerosols

Fontem Ventures has carried out its own research showing that indoor vaping does not release chemicals into the air in levels that would pose an issue to bystanders1,2.

▼ 1O'Connell, G.; Colard, S.; Cahours, X.; Pritchard, J.D. An Assessment of Indoor Air Quality before, during and after Unrestricted Use of E-Cigarettes in a Small Room. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 4889-4907.▼ 2Colard, S., O’Connell, G., Verron, T., Cahours, X, Pritchard, J.D. E-Cigarettes & indoor air quality: a simple approach to modeling potential bystander exposures to nicotine. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2015. 12(1), 282-99.

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To investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the variations of exhaled aerosol particles following use of an e-cigarette and a conventional cigarette in a room under controlled environmental conditions.

There is little data available on the physical properties of exhaled e-cigarette aerosol in the scientific literature and as a result there is a growing discussion amongst the public health community as to whether the “particles” exhaled following use of such products has potential implications for indoor air quality.

Study objective

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Collaboration

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The research was spearheaded by Fontem Ventures, which owns e-cigarette brands but the study was carried out by the independent Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania, with the support of the EMPA (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology) and ETH (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology).


Study objective

Real-time aerosol/smoke particle analysis at the bystander’s location.

▼ Bystander

Three vapers/smokers Two product types

Cigarette E-cigarette(different types) Aerosol concentration

Particle size distributionTemporal variation

Three distances

.5 m1 m

2 m

Three Air Changes per Hour

▼ Vaper(or smoker)

0 – 1 – 2

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Room-simulating chamber with heated “dummy” and controlled ventilation

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Real-time aerosol/smoke particle analysis at the bystander’s location

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Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS)

Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI)

Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS)

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The three instruments measure particle size distributions,

but not exactly the same way.

The FMPS measures the particle number concentration

with a time resolution of 1 second.

The ELPI measures the particle mass concentration, also

with a time resolution of 1 second.

The SMPS measures the particle number concentration

(like the FMPS), but with a time resolution of a few tens

of seconds

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0.5m 1m 2m

0e+00

1e+06

2e+06

3e+06

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5

Time (min)

Sig

nal (

unit

part

icle

s/c

m3)

Distance

0.5m

1m

2m

Start of vaping

End of vaping

Particles number concentration

▼ At a short distance, the particle concentration increases during puff exhalation and comes back to background values in < 10 sec.

1 air changes per hour

6 puffs

E-cigarette(cig-a-like)(Disposable)

Real-time aerosol/smoke particle analysis at the bystander’s location during vaping sessions

0.5m

0e+00

1e+06

2e+06

3e+06

5 6 20 30 40 50 60 200 300 400 500600

Diameter (nm)

Sig

nal (

unit

part

icle

s/c

m3)

Product

E-cig

Particles size during puff exhalation

Mode at 100-150 nm

10


0e+00

1e+06

2e+06

3e+06

5 6 20 30 40 50 60 200 300 400 500600

Diameter (nm)

Sig

nal (

unit

part

icle

s/c

m3)

Time (s)

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.5m 1m 2m

0e+00

1e+06

2e+06

3e+06

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5

Time (min)

Sig

nal (

unit

part

icle

s/c

m3)

Distance

0.5m

1m

2m


6 puffs


Real-time aerosol/smoke particle analysis at the bystander’s location during vaping sessions

Start of vaping

End of vaping

0.5m

Particles number concentration Particles size during puff exhalation

▼ Rapid diminution of the particle size certainly due to evaporation

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E-cig CC

0e+00

2e+04

4e+04

6e+04

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Time (min)

Sig

nal (

unit

part

icle

s/c

m3)

Product

E-cig

CC

E-cigarette Cigarette

0e+00

1e+06

2e+06

3e+06

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5

Time (min)

Real-time aerosol/smoke particle analysis at the bystander’s location during vaping and smoking sessions

Start of vaping/smoking

End of vaping/smoking


6 puffs

0.5m

0e+00

2e+04

4e+04

6e+04

5 6 20 30 40 50 60 200 300 400 500600

Diameter (nm)

Sig

nal (

unit

part

icle

s/c

m3)

Product

E-cig

Cigarette

Particles size at the bystander position 1 min after the vaping/smoking session

▼ With conventional cigarettes, the particle concentration returned to background levels after more than 15 minutes

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0.5m 1m 2m

0e+00

1e+06

2e+06

3e+06

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5

Time (min)

Sig

nal (

unit

part

icle

s/c

m3)

Distance

0.5m

1m

2m



1 air changes per hour (ACH)

6 puffs

Start of vaping

End of vaping

▼ The particle number concentration decreases with the distance.

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E-cig Cigarette

0e+00

2e+04

4e+04

6e+04

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Time (min)

Sig

nal (

unit

part

icle

s/c

m3)

Product

E-cig

Cigarette

Time (min) Time (min)

E-cigarette Cigarette


2 m


6 puffs

Start of vaping/smoking

End of vaping/smoking

At 2 meters▼ During and after vaping, the bystander is

not exposed to particles (evaporation)▼ After smoking, the bystander is exposed

to particles for at least 20 mins


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End

of

vap

ing

or

smo

kin

g

Real-time aerosol/smoke particle analysis at the bystander’s location after vaping and smoking sessions

0.5 m


6 puffs

End of vaping/smoking15

0e+00

2e+04

4e+04

6e+04

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Time (min)

Sig

nal (

unit

part

icle

s/c

m3)

Product

Cigarette

E-cig: Disposable

E-cig: Cartomizer

E-cig: Open

Background

Tank system


Real-time aerosol/smoke particle analysis at the bystander’s location after vaping and smoking sessions

• During vaping, the particle concentration increases rapidly from the background and drops back to background concentration in less than 10s.

• During smoking, the particle concentration increases also rapidly, aftersuccessive puffs, the particle concentration increases in the room.

• Particles exhaled after the use of e-cigarettes are in the range 100-150 nm, shrunk rapidly due to evaporation• Particles exhaled after cigarette smoking are larger (150-200 nm), and much more stable than those from e-cigarettes

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Analysis of the chemical composition of exhaled e-cigarette particulate matter

E-cigarette exhalation

Tube to vacuum pump

Vent

92 mm Filter pad

E-cigarette (cig-a-like) (Cartomizeur)

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Compositions of the e-liquids were 82% glycerin, 9% water, 2% nicotine and 7% flavor

Exhaled puffs was 95 for e-cigarette during the water, glycerin and nicotine collection sessions.

Gerald A. LongComparison of Select Analytes in Exhaled Aerosol from E-Cigaretteswith Exhaled Smoke from a Conventional Cigarette and Exhaled BreathsInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 11177-11191



• Our results suggest that, at the opposite of cigarette smoke, particles from e-cigarettes* exhalation are liquid droplets constituted mainly of water which evaporate very fast

▼ The importance of this is that a bystander’s exposure to the e-cigarette aerosol particles appears to be fleeting, at short distance, only a few seconds per puff of vaper, mainly water.

18* closed and open (tank) system



▼This study:▼Adds to the growing body of evidence that use of closed and open (tank) system e-

cigarettes, like those used in this study, are likely to have minimal impact on indoor air quality and bystander exposures.

▼Shows the clear and substantial differences between exhaled e-cigarette liquid droplets and conventional cigarette smoke particles and may have a positive implication for the continued use of e-cigarettes in indoor areas.

▼ Limitations:▼The results presented here relate to closed and open (tank) system and may not be

generally applicable to other products such as Advanced Personal Vaporizers (‘MODs’); user topographies and technology difference may impact exhaled aerosol characteristics/properties.

▼Further research on different product types is warranted in different settings with different volunteer groups.

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Dainius Martuzevicius & Tadas Prasauskas

Ari Setyan & Jing Wang

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