corn silage summit 2010 - vita plus · high cs fat test staying the course in rough terrain –vita...
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12/9/2010
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Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Dairy Diets
2010 Vita Plus Dairy Summit
Randall Greenfield
December 9th, 2010
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Corn Silage vs. Alfalfa
– Yield
• UW 2010 4-year alfalfa variety trial averages:
– Arlington = 7.66 ton DM/acre
– Marshfield = 4.66 ton DM/acre
• UW 2007-2010 variety trial average
– All sites = 8.31 ton DM/acre
• Corn silage = 8.25 ton DM/acre
• Alfalfa = 5.5 ton DM/acre
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Corn Silage vs. Alfalfa
– Assuming 60% forage diet and 500 cows
• Need 492 forage acres for 2/3 alfalfa diet
• Need 431 forage acres for 2/3 corn silage diet
• Can raise more of your own forage
– Corn silage also harvested in one pass vs. 3-5
for alfalfa.
• Fuel, soil compaction
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Corn Silage vs. Alfalfa
– Manure acres needed (?)
• CS removes ~33 lb acre P
• Alfalfa removes ~43 lb acre P
• What does the book say???
• Can apply every year…
• What about N?
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Corn Silage vs. Alfalfa
– Alfalfa provides ground cover in offseason
• Also carries risk of winterkill
12/9/2010
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Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Corn Silage vs. Alfalfa
– Harvesting
• Alfalfa more difficult to obtain ideal, uniform
forage for feed
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
27.4% DM
7.4% BA 38.0% DM
41.1% DM
51.4% DM
28.3% DM
4.7% BA
45.0% DM
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
32.9% DM
34.8% DM
36.6% DM
27.4% DM
0.7% BA
32.9% DM
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Corn Silage vs. Alfalfa
– Harvesting
• Corn silage – more consistent, uniform forage for
feeding
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Corn Silage vs. Alfalfa
– Pricing
– Corn silage – straightforward, based on corn
grain price
– Hay/Haylage - based on??
• Local market
• Nutritionist
12/9/2010
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Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
$$
??Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
Corn Silage = $70.96/DM ton
Haylage = $88.66/DM ton
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Diet Comparison
• Low corn silage vs. high corn silage
• Prices recorded 1st of the month since Jan. 1,
2006
• Forage values determined by:
– Corn silage = 10 X /bu price of corn
– Haylage = USDA alfalfa hay value adjusted for
moisture
OR
– Cost Estimates
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
lb AF High Corn Silage Low Corn Silage
Corn Silage 60.0 20.0
Haylage 24.1 56.9
Dry Corn 10.1 16.3
Wet Distillers 8.6 4.3
Cottonseed 3.0 3.0
Protein 5.5 0.8
Mineral 1.6 1.2
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
Monthly Forage Values
$3
$13
$23
$33
$43
$53
$63
$73
$83
$93
$103
Au
g-05
No
v-05
Feb
-06
Ma
y-06
Au
g-06
No
v-06
Feb
-07
Ma
y-07
Au
g-07
No
v-07
Feb
-08
Ma
y-08
Au
g-08
No
v-08
Feb
-09
Ma
y-09
Au
g-09
No
v-09
Feb
-10
Ma
y-10
Au
g-10
No
v-10
Feb
-11
Hlg
CS
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
Ration Cost $/hd/day
Monthly Forage Values
$2.50
$3.50
$4.50
$5.50
$6.50
$7.50
$8.50
Au
g-05
No
v-05
Feb
-06
Ma
y-06
Au
g-06
No
v-06
Feb
-07
Ma
y-07
Au
g-07
No
v-07
Feb
-08
Ma
y-08
Au
g-08
No
v-08
Feb
-09
Ma
y-09
Au
g-09
No
v-09
Feb
-10
Ma
y-10
Au
g-10
No
v-10
Feb
-11
Hi CS
Lo CS
12/9/2010
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Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Results?
• High Corn Silage diet vs. Low CS diet:
– Range = 34¢ advantage to 27¢ disadvantage
– Average = 3.5¢ advantage to high Corn Silage
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Diet Comparison
• Low corn silage vs. high corn silage
• Prices recorded 1st of the month since Jan. 1,
2006
• Forage values determined by:
– Corn silage = 10 X /bu price of corn
– Haylage = USDA alfalfa hay value adjusted for
moisture
OR
– Cost Estimates
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
lb AF High Corn Silage Low Corn Silage
Corn Silage 60.0 20.0
Haylage 24.1 56.9
Dry Corn 10.1 16.3
Wet Distillers 8.6 4.3
Cottonseed 3.0 3.0
Protein 5.5 0.8
Mineral 1.6 1.2
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
2010 Cost-Estimate Forage Values
$3
$8
$13
$18
$23
$28
$33
$38
$43
Au
g-05
No
v-05
Feb
-06
Ma
y-06
Au
g-06
No
v-06
Feb
-07
Ma
y-07
Au
g-07
No
v-07
Feb
-08
Ma
y-08
Au
g-08
No
v-08
Feb
-09
Ma
y-09
Au
g-09
No
v-09
Feb
-10
Ma
y-10
Au
g-10
No
v-10
Feb
-11
Hlg
CS
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
Ration Cost $/hd/day
2010 Cost Estimate Forage Values
$2.50
$3.50
$4.50
$5.50
$6.50
$7.50
$8.50
Au
g-05
No
v-05
Feb
-06
Ma
y-06
Au
g-06
No
v-06
Feb
-07
Ma
y-07
Au
g-07
No
v-07
Feb
-08
Ma
y-08
Au
g-08
No
v-08
Feb
-09
Ma
y-09
Au
g-09
No
v-09
Feb
-10
Ma
y-10
Au
g-10
No
v-10
Feb
-11
Hi CS
Lo CS
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Results?
• High Corn Silage diet vs. Low CS diet:
– Range = 5¢ advantage to 24¢ disadvantage
– Average = 8¢ disadvantage to high Corn Silage
12/9/2010
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Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• When valued monthly:
– High CS = 3.5¢/hd/day advantage
– =$6,387.50 annually on 500 milk-cows
• When valued at current cost estimate:
– Low CS = 8¢/hd/day advantage
– =$14,600 annually on 500 milk-cows
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
Which is more important??
• When valued monthly:
– High CS = 3.5¢/hd/day advantage
– =$6,387.50 annually on 500 milk-cows
• When valued at current cost estimate:
– Low CS = 8¢/hd/day advantage
– =$14,600 annually on 500 milk-cows
*
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Are you growing or buying your forages?
• Could you make different ingredient choices?
– Avg. feed cost for Hi CS (cost basis) = $3.89
– 8¢ savings = 2.0% savings
– Change your whole system?
• Using inexpensive protein sources is the key to making high CS diet work $$
• (Un)fortunately, no clear winner
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• What about the cows?
• Which do they prefer?
• Nutritional considerations…
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
3.50
3.55
3.60
3.65
3.70
3.75
3.80
3.85
3.90
Aug-03 Aug-04 Aug-05 Aug-06 Aug-07 Aug-08 Aug-09 Aug-10
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
3.50
3.55
3.60
3.65
3.70
3.75
3.80
3.85
3.90
Aug-03 Aug-04 Aug-05 Aug-06 Aug-07 Aug-08 Aug-09 Aug-10
FMMO 30 Fat Test %
12/9/2010
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Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Fat Test Concerns
– Effective fiber
– Wet, rapidly fermented starch
– Fat sources
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
Ruminal Metabolism of Dietary FatRuminal Metabolism of Dietary Fat
Fat (Triglyceride)
Triglyceride
Free fatty acid
Saturated (palmitic C16:0,
stearic C18:0)
Unsaturated (linoleic C18:2,
linolenic C18:3)
Hydrolysis
Biohydrogenation
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
Ruminal Metabolism of Dietary FatRuminal Metabolism of Dietary Fat
Fat (Triglyceride)
Saturated (palmitic C16:0,
stearic C18:0)
Unsaturated (linoleic C18:2,
linolenic C18:3)
Intermediate Products
Rumen
Environment
Milkfat
Depression
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Rumen Environment factors affecting
biohydrogenation
– Lowered pH
• Excessive/high rate of CHO fermentation
• Lack of effective fiber
– High unsaturated fat levels
– High rate of passage
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Wet Starch
• More available for a quick rumen
fermentation to acids
• If production speed exceeds removal
speed; acid buildup; lower rumen pH
• 2009 Corn Crop
– Started out wet…
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• New data showing starch gets more
available over time
• Summer of 2010
• High CS diets will always have this
potential
• Expect low fat tests when feeding high CS
diets with silage that’s been stored >6-8
months
12/9/2010
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Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
3.60
3.65
3.70
3.75
Oct-06 Apr-07 Nov-07 Jun-08 Dec-08 Jul-09 Jan-10 Aug-10 Feb-11
High CS Fat Test
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• High-fat diets not recommended with
high-corn silage diets
– More fat to be processed
– Increased risk of partial processing in the
rumen
• Be especially careful with unprotected
vegetable fats
– Wet distillers grains
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
Effective Fiber
• Hay 90-95%
• Processed Hay 40-65%
• Haylage 40-80%
• Corn Silage 30-70%
• Particle Size…From Hutjens, 2010
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Effective Fiber
• 8-12 lb minimum dry hay and/or 1-2 lb
wheat straw with less hay recommended
• Chop corn silage at ¾” theoretical chop
length
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• What about grass?
– Better match with
high CS than
alfalfa??
• Less NFC more
NDF
– Can we also get
this from
byproduct fiber?
12/9/2010
8
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
High Corn Silage Diets
• Summary
• A high corn silage diet may or may not be the
right economical choice for any given dairy.
• Corn silage has some important harvest, storage,
and feedout advantages.
• High corn silage diets will always carry more fat
test risk.
• An absolute max of 70% of forage as CS is
recommended
Staying the Course in Rough Terrain – Vita Plus Dairy Summit 2010
Questions