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CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PANAJI

Detailed Project Report & Selection of

Technologies for Processing & Final

Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste

February 2006

Detailed Project Report For Solid Waste Management

Corporation of The City of Panaji, Goa, February 2006 2

Contents

1. Introduction………………………………………..… 03

2. Existing Infrastructure of SWM with CCP……..…. 08

3. Field Study Carried Out in Panaji.…………….….. 11

4. Physical Characterization of Waste……………..... 18

5. Existing System of MSW Collection……….…...… 20

6. Justification of Equipment Required.………….….. 23

7. Designs & Drawings of Proposed SWM...……..… 30

8. Operation & Maintenance of Equipment………..... 31

9. Operation & Maintenance of Sanitary Landfill…… 32

10. Routing Plan for Storage & Collection of MSW…. 33

11. Institutional & Financial Reform…………………... 34

12. Action Plan for Operation & Maintenance……….. 35

13. Details of Suitable Land for SWM Facility……….. 36

14. Annexures………………………………………….... 37



1. Introduction The picturesque city of Panaji, the

capital of Goa lies in an idyllic

location flanked by the River

Mandovi on one side, lined with

mangroves along its estuaries, the

lush green hills as its crown in the

center, a city beach overlooking

the Arabian sea fringed with coconut palm trees, gardens and heritage

squares. It is a city that is loved by its citizens and they take pride in its

development.

The city has an area of 7.56 sq. kms and

supports a population of approximately 59,000.

However, being a popular tourist spot, in the

peak tourist season, and a large population that

visits the city for employment or transit, it

supports an equal floating population at its peak.

Decadal Population Projected Population

Census Year 1981 1991 2001 2011 Population 43,165 42,915 58,785 76,420 Decadal Growth 23.49% -0.58% +29.67% +30%

The Corporation of the City of Panaji (CCP) takes care of its citizens, the

city’s visitors and has vowed to make this city one that not only its citizens but

also visitors to the city would be proud to be

associated with.

Like most municipalities, CCP started waste

management with open community bins in

different localities. These bins consisted of



bottomless circular concrete rings and

had mixed waste dumped into them by

its citizens.

When it was full, it was collected

manually by municipal workers and

transported in closed dome shaped

Municipal Solid Waste trucks to a landfill where crude dumping was done. In

1993, a study and report titled ‘Community Based Solid Waste Management

In Panaji’ was conducted by the Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD), with

the technical assistance of the

Regional Water & Sanitation Group

– South Asia, of the UNDP/World

Bank Water & Sanitation Program.

The recommendations made in the

report were implemented partially.

The bottomless concrete bins were

replaced with metallic bins and new

hydraulic arm, Waste Compacter

trucks were introduced to reduce

manual collection and increase

efficiency.

In 2003, CPP started a new waste

management campaign called the

‘Bin Free in 2003’ Campaign. This

new system involved improved

management of MSW and proposed

the elimination of all open

community bins in the city

numbering above 1000.



The reason for the ‘bin free’ campaign was because of the increasing

problems associated the open community bins in the city. There was always a

bad stink that was constantly prevalent around the open bins, the number of

stray animals that visited the areas searching for food was increasing and

creating a nuisance, there was presence of pests associated with the bin,

which significantly increased the risk of diseases like malaria, typhoid. All

these reasons contributed to the citizens not respecting the bin and treating it

as thrash itself.

CPP invested time and money with

bin manufacturers, Sintex Pvt. Ltd.

in designing and developing two

bins with a holding capacity of 20

and 50 litres. A special design

modification was the spill proof lid

that has a locking mechanism to

prevent stray animals from getting

to the waste inside. Since 2003, citizens of Panaji have been asked to

maintain two bins in their homes instead of just one. These bins are being

provided by CCP to its citizens at a subsidized rate after negotiations and

bulk purchases from the manufacturers. The 2 new bins are colour coded,

green for wet waste and black for dry waste and citizens have been asked to

segregate waste at source.

In accordance with the Solid Waste

(Management & Handling) Rules

2000, to compliment the new bins,

the old system of waste collection

was replaced by a door to door

collection scheme with trained

sanitation workers who would pick



up waste from the doorstep of each household in the city at a fee of Rs. 1/-

per day. After collection, the workers deposited the waste fractions into

appropriately colored and larger 240 litre capacity trolley bins. These new

trolley bins replaced the open community bins, and were selected after having

a look at a number of trolley bins of similar design and size. The two most

important features of this bin were that it was easily movable and it had a lid

that isolated the waste inside it once it was closed.

When the trolley bin was filled to capacity, or collection completed, whichever

first, the trolley was rolled onto marked pickup points on the preplanned route

of the dry and wet Municipal Solid Waste compacter trucks. The truck, at

arrival picked up its correct fraction with the help of a pneumatic arm. When

the last trolley bin was unloaded into the truck, the truck proceeded to a

landfill where each fraction was disposed. The compactor truck fleet was also

modified to cope with the increasing and improved MSW collection system

through trolley bins.

However, after successfully

implementing the door-to-door

campaign, the segregation at source

was not implemented properly, and

as a result, mixed fractions were

collected with the door-to-door

scheme. To compliment its woes,

Panaji’s only landfill site was

mismanaged by the increase in crude dumping and reduction in recycling and

composting of its fractions. As a result in July 2005, villagers in the

surrounding villages objected and forcefully closed down the landfill site after

reports of alleged leechate seepage out of the landfill site. This meant that

Panaji city now had no access to its landfill site.



Pushed into a corner with adamant landfill site villagers on one side and the

mounting uncollected Municipal Solid Waste on the other side, CPP was

forced to rethink about the waste management problems affecting the city. It

was finally decided that Segregation at Source (SAS) scheme would be

started with proper planning and renewed energy and urgency. Sanitation

workers were re-educated and the SAS scheme was restarted. Information

was passed on to the citizens through an SAS information sheet generated by

CPP. Schedules were now made to collect household wet waste daily and

household dry waste 2 times a week. Dry Hotel waste was collected at a

different schedule 2 times a week while their wet fraction was collected daily.

12 supervisors were appointed to make sure that the segregation in the city

was maintained and to make sure that its citizens would cooperate with the

new SAS initiatives taken up by CPP. As a temporary measure, CPP located

a temporary site within the city limits and presently conducts sanitary

landfilling of dry waste. Measures to compost wet waste at colony level and in

bulk for market and hotel waste are also underway in accordance with the

high court time bound directives issued.

To maximize the utilization of this temporary landfill site, and plan for a new

landfill location, improve the collection system and implement low cost

solutions to manage its MSW, CPP required a field study to be carried out

with the services of a consultant. A report titled ‘Waste Management For

Panjim City, Report 2005” on the analysis of waste generated by Panaji city

was produced after a 1.5 month long study by the consultant.



2. Existing Infrastructure of SWM with the Corporation of the City of Panaji

Vehicles Allocated For SWM The vehicles available with CCP for transportation of MSW are listed below:

Hydraulic Compactor Municipal Solid Waste Trucks Hydraulic Compactor Municipal Solid Waste Trucks pick up and transport all

household, hotel & establishment waste. These vehicles are designed to pick

up trolley bins with the manually operated hydraulic arm. The compactor with

the truck compacts the Municipal Solid Waste stored internally to make space

for further collection. CCP has 10 such vehicles with details on mileage

covered, vehicle age, internal dimensions and tare weight obtained on

02.01.2006 for this report:

Sr. No.

Registration No. Make & Model

Internal Dimensions

(Mts) Type of Vehicle

Date of Purchase

Mileage covered (Kms)

Tare Weight (Kgs)

1 GA-01-T-2631 Leyland - 1612 3.60x2.20x1.45 Heavy 03.01.95 2,26,016 7325 2 GA-01-T-2630 Leyland - 810 2.90x2.00x1.00 Medium 18.01.95 1,15,424 4880 3 GA-01-T-2633 Leyland - 1612 3.60x2.20x1.45 Heavy 24.08.95 2,15,681 7340 4 GA-01-T-2632 Leyland - 1612 3.60x2.20x1.45 Heavy 03.01.96 1,92,097 7190 5 GA-01-G-7562 Leyland - 810 2.90x2.00x1.00 Medium 18.01.96 1,02,512 4885 6 GA-01-T-4238 Tata - 1613 3.75x2.10x1.60 Heavy 19.08.99 1,04,005 8540 7 GA-01-T-5246 Tata - 709 3.00x1.90x1.55 Medium 02.04.01 0,95,281 5255 8 GA-01-T-5247 Tata - 709 3.00x1.90x1.55 Medium 09.04.01 0,91,488 5310 9 GA-01-T-5674 Tata - 709 3.00x1.90x1.55 Medium 30.06.03 0,46,953 5470

10 GA-01-T-6142 Tata - 709 3.00x1.90x1.55 Medium 04.06.04 0,34,743 5510 Dome Shaped Municipal Solid Waste Trucks Dome Shape Municipal Solid Waste Trucks pick up and transport all market

waste as well as leaf and garden waste. Municipal Solid Waste is loaded

manually in these vehicles, and its dome shape increases it’s carrying

capacity. CCP has 4 such vehicles with details on vehicle age, & mileage

covered:



Open & Tipper Municipal Solid Waste Trucks Open & Tipper Municipal Solid Waste Trucks pick up and transport large

bulky items, construction waste & debris. Occasionally, they compliment the

dome shaped trucks in picking up leaf & garden waste that are too bulky to

carry otherwise. Municipal Solid Waste is loaded manually in these vehicles.

CCP has 3 such vehicles with details on vehicle age, & mileage covered:

Composting Van The Composting Van services the composting stations set up all over the city.

The van carries trained staff, all the equipment and materials required to keep

the composting bins in good health. CCP has just 1 vehicle with details on

vehicle age, & mileage covered:

Sr. No. Registration No. Make Type of Vehicle Date of

PurchaseMileage covered (Kms)

1 GA-01-T-0765 Matador Light 30.06.97 0,66,788 Present Establishment Expenditure The table given below shows the establishment expenditure for the last five

financial years:



1 GDT - 9931 Tata Heavy 12.10.81 4,87,080 2 GDS - 5212 Tata Heavy 21.05.82 4,02,130 3 GDS - 6357 Tata Heavy 05.12.84 3,63,350 4 GDS - 6392 Tata Heavy 05.12.84 3,69,525



1 GA-01-T-1200 Toyota Medium 15.06.92 2,15,132 2 GA-01-T-4015 Tata Medium 19.08.99 1,41,223 3 GA-01-C-5085 Tata Medium 30.09.01 0,82,043



Expenses on Maintenance

Year

Percentage of CCP

contribution towards

salaries of staff

Roads/guttersWaste

Disposal Infrastructure

Income Expenditure

2000-01 31% 1,22,83,671/- 2,50,00,000/- 8,60,01,302/- 7,43,53,561/-2001-02 35% 1,29,30,180/- 2,62,00,000/- 7,73,48,734/- 6,81,21,895/-2002-03 38% 1,34,69,415/- 2,75,56,000/- 7,53,42,382/- 7,91,28,370/-2003-04 34% 1,99,80,599/- 2,89,40,000/- 8,87,89,983/- 9,00,85,570/-2004-05 52% 1,49,90,411/- 3,80,00,000/- 7,37,73,370/- 8,60,35,795/-

Staffing The Corporation of the City of Panaji has 190 semi-skilled (non technical)

permanent and daily wage sanitation workers deployed in the city for collection of

waste. However, these workers work in a rotation system, therefore, at any given

day, the number of workers performing on duty is 98.

For transportation of waste, CPP has 90 skilled (technical) workers performing

duties such as truck driving, hydraulic mechanism operators and helpers. Here

too, the workers work in a rotation system, therefore at any given day; the

number of workers on duty is 17 truck drivers and 71 hydraulic operators and

helpers. Out of this figure of 71, 27 are daily wage workers while the rest are

permanent workers.



3. Field Study Carried Out in Panaji

A consultant was appointed for a field study to be carried out and the study

produced the following data:

• The demarcation of the city into 12 zones for easier management and

planning, of MSW with 1 supervisor in charge of each zone.

A clearly defined zone map is annexed at Annexure I.

Zone No Zone Name Supervisor

1 Caranzalem Suresh Sawant

2 Church Square Jacinto Conceicao

3 18th June Rd Kamlakant Sirvoikar

4 Dona Paula Sashi Balekar

5 Bhatlem / Mala Madev Gauns

6 Altinho Sunil Das

7 Fontainhas Suraj Nageshkar

8 Panaji Market Anthony Fernandes

9 Patto Mahesh Payelkar

10 Miramar Nagesh Das

11 Campal James Talwar

12 Ribandar Sidharth Tari



• A 2 month long field investigation (Between August 2005 and October

2005) was carried out with the aim of collecting previously unavailable

baseline data on each of the identified zones of the city with a focus on the

collection system infrastructure as well as plans for future upgrades.

Information on the number of households, establishments, hospitals and

schools was also compiled zone wise.

• Waste generated by households and establishments in these zones was

then quantitatively assessed using two study techniques for the purpose of

comparison as well as accuracy.

• On 22nd September 2005 for reasons of comparison for accuracy, both

study techniques were used at Zone 6, Altinho on its Dry Waste fraction.

The 1st technique was done with direct weighing of the Municipal Solid

Waste truck, on a weighbridge. It was noted that 29 filled bins of dry waste

was picked up from the entire zone. The tare weight of the Municipal Solid

Waste truck was subtracted from gross weight to reveal that the dry waste

Zone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total Staffing 11 9 14 6 5 14 8 3 7 8 5 8 98

Bin Shelters 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 15 Wet 10 2 7 8 14 10 6 5 4 6 9 10 91 Available Bins Dry 21 7 19 10 11 16 15 5 9 15 13 15 156 Wet 9 1.5 8 5 23 16 4 7 1 4 9 8 89.5 Average Full

Bins Dry 20 10 21 8 13 34 22 14 12 18 13 18 203 Flats 1561 365 900 0 641 826 73 285 162 460 874 245 6392

Bungalows 0 0 0 183 49 110 302 0 0 163 6 378 1191 Offices 0 65 90 0 0 61 18 2 1 15 150 8 410 Shops 162 200 500 3 27 0 71 375 490 10 49 24 1911 Hotels 0 0 0 7 0 0 18 0 0 3 4 16 48

Hospitals 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 5

Establishments

Schools 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 3 1 0 8 Total Total 1723 630 1490 194 720 997 484 662 653 656 1085 671 9965



fraction at Zone 6, weighed 990 kgs. Details of Truck Details as on 22nd

September are reproduced below:

Truck Details for Household MSW Collection & Quantification

Vehicle Info Route Bins Picked Up

(Nos) MSW Weight (Kgs) Sr. No. Registration

No. Make & Model Type Total Full Tare Load Actual

1 GA-01-T-2631 Leyland -

1612

Market, Patto, Inox, Garden,

Ribandar Wet 34 30.00 7325 9000 1675


1612

St. Inez-Tonca, GB,

Caranzalem, Kamat Kinara

Wet 56 56.75 7190 9360 2170

3 GA-01-G-7562 Leyland -

810

Campal, Miramar, Lake

View, Dona Paula

Wet 24 18.75 4885 6240 1355

4 GA-01-T-6142 Tata - 709 Altinho, DV Rd,

St. Inez, Bhatlem, Mala

Wet 40 35.50 5510 7500 1990


1612

St. Inez-Tonca, Caranzalem, Kamat Kinara

Dry 53 55.25 7340 10130 2790

6 GA-01-T-4238 Tata - 1613

St. Inez-Bhatlem, Mala,

Municipal Garden

Dry 56 52.00 8540 10250 1710

7 GA-01-T-5246 Tata - 709

Campal, St. Mary's, Lake View, Dona

Paula

Dry 36 31.00 5255 6285 1030

8 GA-01-T-5247 Tata - 709 Altinho Dry 29 29.00 5310 6300 990

9 GA-01-T-5674 Tata - 709 Market, Patto, Head PO, DV Rd, Ribandar

Dry 38 38.25 5470 6900 1430


810 - - - - - - -

• The 2nd technique was done with the help of sanitation workers and a

spring scale, with the weighing of each individual trolley bin. They too

weighed all 29 filled bins and after subtracting the tare weight of each of

the 29 trolley bins, it was found that the dry waste fraction at Zone 6,

weighed 901kgs. It was also found that the Municipal Solid Waste

weight/number of establishments factor for dry waste in Panaji is 1.95.



• The results of both techniques of computation were almost the same with

a difference of 89kgs. This variation is acceptable and could have been

caused due to errors on the scale, or due to the presence of heavy rainfall

during the collection schedule of the quantitative study.

Weight Analysis For Zone 6 Dry Waste 1st Technique 2nd Technique

No of Trolley's Picked Up 29 29 Gross Weight (Kgs) 6300 1351 Tare Weight (Kgs) 5310 450

Actual Weight (Kgs) 990 901

From this data collected:

Total Household Wet MSW Collected daily is: 07.19 Metric Tonnes Total Household Dry MSW Collected daily is: 02.27 Metric Tonnes Total Household MSW Collected daily is 09.46 Metric Tonnes

• Identifying Waste Generators:

Based on the field study carried out by the consultant in conjunction with the

waste management department, the total waste generated by different waste

generator groups was identified to be 50,583 kgs daily. By a breakup, the

following major groups of waste generators was identified:

Waste Generator Group Number of Units Households 9,863 Offices, Shops & Schools 2,966 Restaurants 0,254 Hotels (Lodging Only) 0,176 Municipal Market 0,001 Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Dispensaries 0,098 Street sweepings 126 beats Construction Sites Varies



Quantities of Wet Fraction Generators: Based on the field study carried out, analysis of wet fraction generated by

different waste generator groups was identified to be 29.705 Metric Tonnes

which is 59% of the total Municipal Solid Waste produced by the City of

Panaji. Its breakup is shown below:

Wet (Organic) Fraction

Generator Group Quantity Percentage

Households 08.549 Metric Tonnes 28.77% Offices, Shops & Schools 01.112 Metric Tonnes 3.72% Restaurants 09.000 Metric Tonnes 30.29% Hotels (Lodging Only) 00.161 Metric Tonnes 0.55% Municipal Market 10.000 Metric Tonnes 33.66% Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Dispensaries 00.133 Metric Tonnes 0.45%

Street sweepings 00.750 Metric Tonnes 2.56% Total 29.705 Metric Tonnes 59%

Panaji's Total Wet Waste

Households

Offices, Shops & Schools

Restaurants

Hotels (Lodging Only)

Municipal Market

Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Dispensaries

Street sweepings



Quantities of Dry Fraction Generators: Based on the field study carried out, analysis of dry fraction generated by

different waste generator groups was identified to be 20.878 Metric Tonnes,

which is 41% of the total Municipal Solid Waste produced by the City of

Panaji. Its breakup is shown below:

Dry (Inorganic) Fraction

Generator Group Quantity Percentage

Households 03.664 Metric Tonnes 17.55% Offices, Shops & Schools 2.588 Metric Tonnes 12.40% Restaurants 1.000 Metric Tonnes 4.79% Hotels (Lodging Only) 0.181 Metric Tonnes 0.87% Municipal Market 0.500 Metric Tonnes 2.39% Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Dispensaries 0.195 Metric Tonnes 0.93%

Street sweepings 1.750 Metric Tonnes 8.38% Construction Sites 11.500 Metric Tonnes 52.68%

Total 20.878 Metric Tonnes 41%

Panaji's Total Dry Waste

Households

Offices, Shops & Schools

Restaurants

Hotels (Lodging Only)

Municipal Market

Hospitals, N Homes, Dispensaries

Street sweepings

Construction Sites



• Supervision, continual monitoring and making sure that complaints were

promptly attended to at the following levels: o Proper segregation by residents at their residential dwellings

o Proper storage at the time of picking up of the waste by sanitation

workers.

o Proper identification and segregation of waste by Sanitation workers.

o Collection of right major fraction (wet or dry) trolley bins by the municipal

trucks.

o Proper processing, treatment and disposal of the two separate fractions.

With all this in place, the SAS scheme has been gradually falling into place with

initial 65% fraction purity. With increased supervision at all levels in the SAS

collection system & weekly supervisor meetings held to sort out initial problems,

fraction purity has now gone up to 95% in 4 of the 12 zones while the rest have

improved their fraction purity.



4. Physical Characterization of Waste Physical characterization of waste was done for CPP by a standard test

laboratory in November 2005. After contacting a number of test laboratories,

Italab (Goa) Pvt. Ltd was the only standard test laboratory that responded

with the capability to analyze the Municipal Solid Waste samples. The

laboratory collected test samples on 10.11.05 and its results were submitted

to us on the 24.11.05.

Test Certificates as well as test reports have been annexed as Annexure II.

Since CPP is enforcing strict segregation at source, we have two fractions of

waste. The Wet fraction, which comprised of only biodegradable waste, was

sent to the lab for Quality of Municipal Solid Waste test. This test included the

analysis of the following parameters:

Percentage of C

Percentage of N

Percentage of P

Percentage of K

Percentage of Na

Percentage of S

Moisture Content

C/N Ratio &

Density

MSW Samples were randomly taken from three of the 12 zones in the city.

Sample No. Zone No. Zone Name Sample 1 Zone 02 Church Square

Sample 2 Zone 07 Fontainhas

Sample 3 Zone 06 Altinho



Test Results on Chemical Characteristics of Wet MSW in November 2005 Sources C% N% P% K% Na% S% Moisture C/N Ratio Density

Sample 1 62.30 2.63 0.32 0.56 1.11 0.68 72.00 23.68 0.53

Sample 2 59.30 4.40 0.81 1.61 0.66 0.80 68.00 13.47 0.54

Sample 3 72.30 3.20 0.20 1.39 0.84 0.24 78.00 22.59 0.63

Average 64.63 3.41 0.44 1.19 0.87 0.57 72.67 19.91 0.57 The city of Panaji recycles sub fractions of dry waste. The inert remnants of

dry waste (after recyclable fractions are removed) were also sent to the

laboratory for obtaining its calorific value to check if it is suitable for

incineration. Test Methods as per IS: 1350 were followed and the results

shown below:

Test Results on Calorific Value of Dry MSW in November 2005

Sources Calorific Value (Cal/g) Sample 1 5345 Sample 2 4776 Sample 3 4165 Average 4762

For the purpose of comparison, we include average chemical characteristics

of wastes that were obtained in December 1991 by a case study on CPP’s

waste performed by UNDP/World Bank with Ministry of Urban Development,

India. (Please note that in 1991, segregation at source was not implemented,

so these values are of unsegrigated, mixed MSW)

Test Results on Chemical Characteristics of Mixed MSW in December 1991 Sources C% N% P% K% Na% S (ppm) Moisture C/N Ratio

Household 27.40 1.80 1.03 1.62 1.36 485 74 15.2 Restaurants 30.30 1.87 0.71 1.78 1.36 557 76 16.2

Waste bins 30.40 1.73 0.88 2.07 1.82 449 67 17.5 Dumpsites 27.40 1.11 0.70 1.36 1.43 585 77 24.7



5. Existing System of MSW Collection

Panaji city’s door-to-door Municipal Solid Waste collection system was started

in 2003. However, it was only in the second half of 2005 that strict

segregation at source was implemented. To achieve this, all the citizens are

given pamphlets with information on the segregation at source, composting,

recycling, waste fractions, pickup schedules and complaint call numbers.

Information material generated by the Corporation is annexed to this report at

Annexure III.

Waste Fraction Pickup Dates & Time Schedules Household Wet Waste Daily between 2.00 & 5.00pm Household Dry Waste Mondays & Thursday between 2.00 & 5.00pm Hotel & Restaurant Wet Waste Daily between 6.00 &11.00pm Hotel & Restaurant Dry Waste Tuesdays & Fridays between 6.00 & 11pm Leaf & Garden Waste Sunday & Mondays. On call only. Construction Debris Any Day, On call only. Large Bulky Items Any Day, On call only.

Sanitation workers have been

instructed to collect waste in two

separate bins; one green for wet

(organic fraction) and one black for dry

(inorganic) have been made available

at a fee.

A typical collection cycle would start in

the afternoon when the household

places segregated Municipal Solid

Waste in the two bins –wet and dry by

their door. These bins have a 10 or 20

litres capacity. When the sanitation

workers arrive, they collect the

fractions and temporarily store it in a



70-liter capacity bin. On days when both wet and dry fractions are collected,

the dry fraction is temporarily put into a separate bag. Once the sanitation

worker’s 70-litre bin is filled, he/she proceeds to the appropriate fraction’s

trolley bin and empties the contents into the trolley bin that has a capacity of

240 litres. When such a trolley bin is filled to capacity, or collection is

completed, whichever first, the trolley is rolled onto marked pickup points on

the preplanned route of the Municipal Solid Waste compacter truck. The

truck, when arrives, will pick up only one fraction, and not both. Therefore,

after verification of the right fraction, the trolley bin is emptied into to the truck

with the help of a hydraulic arm. When the last trolley bin is unloaded into the

truck, the truck proceeds to a sanitary landfill where each fraction is treated

before disposal. This landfill site, though temporary meets all directives

issued by the Goa State Pollution Control Board and is in accordance with the

time bound directives of Hon. High Court.

CPP has already taken many steps to

tackle the wet waste fractions disposal,

with the building of composting units

around the city. At some housing

societies and other areas of the city,

vermicomposting and aerobic

composting stations have been set up

and maintained by CPP. In such locations, the trolley bin containing the wet

fraction is rolled to these stations instead of letting it end up at a landfill and

trained staff at CPP composts its contents.

Initiatives to also start recycling of Dry

fraction have been started. To help CPP

with disposal with the dry fraction, the

consultant located and listed local

persons and businesses that accept



some of the recyclable sub fractions of dry waste along with details such as

contact information, and monetary values fixed be each establishment to

each of these fractions and sub fractions. Bin shelters have been modified to

serve a dual purpose of being a sorting center where registered scrap dealers

depute their staff to segregate the dry waste fraction into sub fractions and

residual inert fractions.



6. Justification of Equipment Required Setup of Waste Management Cell At the moment, the Corporation has a waste management cell that sits in

three different places in the building. In order to streamline this cell, it is

proposed to form a Waste Management Cell with all staff in one place. For

this, office furniture, cubicles, and filing cabinets will be required. In order to

take complaints, give information and attend to visitors, a telephone operator

cum receptionist, 2 computers, stationery, and a telephone will be required.

Display boards for awareness material, and a communication system for all

supervisors to keep in touch with the cell and attend to complaints promptly

could also be implemented.

Generation of Information & Awareness on Proper SAS While segregation on the whole is now generally successful, it was noticed

that residents of Panaji were confused about segregating items in grey areas

such as soiled paper, soiled newspapers, egg shells, hair, coconut husk,

coconut shells, soiled plastic bags, etc.

The data which has been

collected from a 1.5 month long

hands-on study on the

characterization of waste will go

towards the creation of fliers,

information sheets, sorting lists,

awareness slides and videos,

which will simplify and explain

correct SAS to the citizens of

Panaji. It is proposed to

undertake festivals, exhibitions, school programmes, drives, contests, etc to

generate awareness among students and general public.



Provision of Litterbins The open community bins are removed from all over the city, therefore there

is need to install litterbins at a distance of 200 to 300 meters and the

requirement of litterbins is necessary.

Sweeping of Streets The organized daily sweeping on public streets exists; however, it shall be

improved by providing advanced cleaning materials and introducing long

handed brooms. At present the street sweeping is organized in bits. Each

sweeper will be provided with wheeled trolleys to collect and deposit the

sweeping. The same trolley will be lifted by hydraulic truck for emptying.

Door-to-Door Collection System Further improving of door-to-door Municipal

Solid Waste collection is done as regards to

introduction of safety and health measures by

way of supply of neat uniform to sanitation

workers, and other requirements. Gloves that

are in use are of standard rubber and cause

skin irritation to the workers with prolonged

use. A better, but little more expensive glove

made of cloth or canvas is required. These

gloves can be sourced locally.

All residential areas are covered under the door-to-door collection system at

present. The waste is being collected in a wheeled trolley. However, this

system can be further improved by allotting wheeled trolley to every housing

society having more than 90 flats so that collection system is fast and the

waste transported will be handled decently. For this purpose trolley should be

made available to every society to transfer their household waste as the same

can be lifted by hydraulic truck without loss of time.



Additional Municipal Solid Waste Trucks To reduce rising maintenance costs, it is proposed to replace the aging

vehicles with newer standardized municipal solid waste trucks. Vehicles that

have crossed 2 lakh kilometers will be replaced in a phased manner. Besides

the replacement of ageing vehicles there is a need for additional / modified

vehicles.

Hotel Waste

The waste from hotels, restaurants, is being collected separately as a special

service. All the restaurants in the city are listed under this scheme. One truck

collects the waste by making 2 trips to around 300 hotels and restaurants. It is

proposed to introduce more trucks to perfect the system, as, if there is any

delay in collection of this waste, hotels and restaurants close with waste left

on the roadside.

Market Waste

The waste from the fish market and meat selling shops is being collected

separately. One truck makes two rounds to collect the waste; however, the

transportation of waste is not neat and clean. For this purpose a special

designed truck is required to prevent odour and leechate leakage is to be

designed. The present system required improvement for the purpose and an

additional truck with compact trolley or lid will be most appropriate.

Medical Waste

Presently medical waste is being collected separately. However, the same is

not disposed as laid down under the rules. The Corporation also does not

have its own incinerator to dispose the waste. The collection of medical waste

needs further improvement by introducing a van with a specially built

compartment, special uniform to the waste collector and special container. As

per the Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, yellow

bags are to be procured for separate collection of infected medical waste.



Setup of Composting Stations in the City In order to reduce the amount

of biodegradable wet waste to

the landfill site, CPP is in the

process of constructing 34

composting stations at various

housing societies and municipal

gardens. At the moment more

stations are being constructed.

From the field study carried out

on household waste quantification, it is proposed that a total of 174

composting stations will be required to be constructed in a phased manner to

handle all of Panaji’s household wet waste capacity. CCP has been

encouraging colonies to establish compost pits in colonies itself at subsidized

rates. CCP will provide the know-how required in both vermicomposting and

aerobic composting and will maintain and manage the stations with the help

of its CMU team. Costing, size and locations of these composting stations is

annexed at Annexure IV.

Management of Composting Stations To manage the composting

stations in the city, a

dedicated CMU (Compost

Management Unit) team of 1

supervisor, 7 workers, 1 driver

and one vehicle has been set

up. However, the present

workload of monitoring and

managing composting

stations takes 2 shifts of 5 hours each for the present team to attend, and



therefore it is proposed that more staff and machinery is provided to attend

the proposed composting stations. Besides uniform and gloves, a face-mask

and rubber boots is also required to each of the CMU Sanitation Workers.

Recyclable Waste Sorting Centers In order to reduce the amount of

recyclable dry waste going to the

landfill site, CPP, on a

experimental basis has upgraded

a zone bin shelter to a shelter

cum sorting station where a CCP

appointed scrap dealer

segregates the dry fraction into

recyclable sub fractions. This

reduces the dry waste to just residual waste which is 70% lesser than its

original volume. It is proposed to have 12 such sorting centers to take care of

all the 12 zones dry waste in the interim period, till the integrated landfill site

comes up.

Reduction of Residual Waste To reduce residual waste, steps have been taken to identify manufacturers to

start the ‘polluter pays’ principle wherein the manufacturer takes back waste

generated by its products. A few manufacturers have already shown their

interest to start such a campaign, but CPP would require storage space and

advertising material to promote such schemes.



Estimated Costs of Infrastructure required For the Project (Year wise) 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Equipment Required Unit Rate

Qty Costing Qty Costing Qty Costing Qty Costing Qty Costing

Waste Management Cell

Office Table & Chair 4000 5 20000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Office Cubicle 100000 2 200000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

File Cabinets 5000 5 25000 0 0 2 10000 0 0 0 0

Display Boards 1000 5 5000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Desktop Computer & Printer 100000 1 100000 1 100000 0 0 0 0 0 0

Laptop + LCD Projector 150000 1 150000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mobile Phone + Connection Charges (Monthly) 5000 12 60000 12 60000 12 60000 12 60000 12 60000

Accounting Reforms

Desktop Computer & Printer 100000 2 200000 2 200000 0 0 0 0 0 0

Computer & Other Stationery 75000 1 75000 1 75000 0 0 0 0 0 0

Accounting Software Packages 50000 1 50000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Staff Orientation 15000 1 15000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Chartered Accountant Fees 30000 1 30000 1 30000 1 30000 1 30000 1 30000

Awareness Programmes

School Programmes 3000 10 30000 10 30000 10 30000 10 30000 10 30000

Awareness Festivals 150000 1 150000 1 150000 1 150000 1 150000 1 150000

Paper Bags 2 50000 100000 10000 20000 0 0 10000 20000 0 0

Printing of 10 diff. Brochures per year 10 20000 200000 10000 100000 10000 100000 10000 100000 10000 100000

Cinema Slides 2000 5 10000 0 0 5 10000 0 0 0 0

Cinema Short Films 20000 1 20000 0 0 0 0 1 20000 0 0

Consultant Fees per month 30000 12 360000 12 360000 12 360000 12 360000 12 360000

Media / Newspaper Advertisements 3000 12 500000 10 30000 10 30000 10 30000 10 30000

Website Hosting & Management 21000 12 252000 12 252000 12 252000 12 252000 12 252000

Database /compilation /documentation 3500 12 42000 2 7000 2 7000 2 7000 2 7000

Bins & Containers

020 L Bin - Black 175 1000 175000 250 43750 250 43750 250 43750 250 43750

020 L Bin - Green 175 250 43750 50 8750 50 8750 50 8750 50 8750

010 L Bin - Green 150 1000 150000 100 15000 100 15000 100 15000 100 15000

240 L Trolley Bin - Black 3000 200 600000 200 600000 200 600000 200 600000 200 600000

240 L Trolley Bin - Green 3000 150 450000 150 450000 150 450000 150 450000 150 450000

240 L Trolley Bin - Red 3000 50 150000 20 60000 20 60000 20 60000 20 60000

050 L Collection Bucket - Black 300 500 150000 100 30000 100 30000 100 30000 100 30000

050 L Collection Bucket - Green 300 500 150000 100 30000 100 30000 100 30000 100 30000

050 L Collection Bucket - Red 300 500 150000 50 15000 50 15000 50 15000 50 15000

050 L Litter Bins 2500 450 1125000 100 250000 100 250000 100 250000 100 250000

Litter Bin Mounting Mechanism 2500 450 1125000 100 250000 100 250000 100 250000 100 250000

Trolley Bin Storage Enclosure 30000 3 90000 3 90000 3 90000 2 60000 1 30000

Jute Collection Bags 75 500 37500 500 37500 500 37500 500 37500 500 37500

Biohazard Med. Waste Bags - Yellow 3 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000

Biohazard Med. Waste Bags - Blue 3 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000 10000 30000

Worker's Equipment

Uniform - Supervisors 450 24 10800 0 0 24 10800 0 0 24 10800

Uniform - Sanitation Workers 225 300 67500 0 0 100 22500 100 22500 100 22500

Gloves - Sanitation Workers 45 500 22500 500 22500 600 27000 600 27000 600 27000

Face Masks - Sanitation Workers 20 50 1000 25 500 50 1000 25 500 50 1000

Gum Boots - Sanitation Workers 300 10 3000 5 1500 10 3000 5 1500 10 3000

Rakes 2500 10 25000 5 12500 5 12500 5 12500 5 12500

Spades & Shovels 200 50 10000 25 5000 25 5000 25 5000 25 5000

Sweeping Brooms - Long Handle 40 200 8000 200 8000 200 8000 200 8000 200 8000

Gamelas 70 50 3500 25 1750 25 1750 25 1750 25 1750

Cane Baskets 100 200 20000 200 20000 200 20000 200 20000 200 20000

Composting Station 30000 60 1800000 40 1200000 40 1200000 20 600000 20 600000

EM Spray Pumps 2500 5 12500 0 0 5 12500 0 0 2 5000

Bioculture - Sanitreat - 5kg bag 400 60 24000 120 48000 150 60000 175 70000 200 80000

Bioculture - Bioculum - 5kg bag 325 120 39000 300 97500 350 113750 400 130000 500 162500

Bioculture - EM - 750ml bottle 240 12 2880 24 5760 30 7200 40 9600 50 12000

Cow Dung - 2MT Truck Load 1000 12 12000 24 24000 30 30000 40 40000 50 50000

Molasses - 90kg 500 12 6000 24 12000 30 15000 40 20000 50 25000

Vehicles

Excavator - Additional 1725000 1 1725000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1725000

Trolley Tractor - Additional 150000 2 300000 0 0 0 0 1 150000 0 0

Hydraulic Waste Truck - Additional 2270000 1 2270000 0 0 1 2270000 0 0 0 0

Hydraulic Waste Truck - Replacement 2270000 1 2270000 1 2270000 1 2270000 1 2270000 1 2270000

Medical Waste Van 1000000 1 1000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0



Composting Van 1000000 1 1000000 1 1000000 0 0 0

Water Tanker 650000 1 650000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 650000

Quick Response Jeep 500000 1 500000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Upgrade to Low Noise Hydraulic Arm 150000 0 0 3 450000 3 450000 2 300000 2 300000

GPS System & Communication Equip. 15000 30 450000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Expenses - Sanitation Worker Salary (Monthly) 2850000 12 34200000 12 34200000 12 34200000 12 34200000 12 34200000

Expenses - Supervisor Fuel Allowance (Monthly) 10000 12 120000 12 120000 12 120000 12 120000 12 120000

Expenses - Waste Transportation Fuel (Monthly) 300000 12 3600000 12 3600000 12 3600000 12 3600000 12 3600000

Expenses - Vehicle Maintenance 150000 12 1800000 12 1800000 12 1800000 12 1800000 12 1800000

Expenses - Excavator Hiring per month 210000 12 2520000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Landfill Site Costs will be worked out with consultant that is appointed.

Acquisition of land - Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Acquisition of land - Compound Wall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sanitary Landfill 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Composting Plant 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Storage & Sorting Yard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total Amount: 6,15,22,930 4,82,53,010 4,92,39,000 4,63,77,350 4,86,,10,050



7. Designs & Drawings of Proposed SWM The Corporation is in process of acquisition of land for setting up of sanitary landfill site / compost processing plant. Once the land is taken into possession, detailed survey and geo-hydrological investigation will be carried out for development of sanitary landfill. For this purpose a consultant will be appointed and proper designs, drawings and detailed costing will be worked out. A detailed report in this regard will be submitted in due course of time.



8. Operation & Maintenance of Equipment Vehicles CPP has a parking lot reserved for its present vehicle fleet. It also has an automobile workshop with trained staff to undertake minor repairs, maintenance or preventive maintenance for all its vehicles including all Municipal Solid Waste trucks available with itself.

CPP has appointed a full fledged engineer who is responsible for addressing all vehicle and vehicle staff issues. It is his responsibility to make sure that all the vehicles are maintained in running condition. A list of all vehicles is maintained along with its logbook of in and out timings. Periodic servicing is done at authorized automobile workshops. Storage Bins & Implements Each zonal supervisor maintains storage bins of 70 litres capacity and 240-liter capacity trolley bins designated for his zone. Damaged bins are brought to the CCP workshop for repair or replacement. A store with a storekeeper maintains a record of the quantities of long and short brooms, big and small baskets, gloves and gum boots and other implements which are issued to workers to undertake the collection scheme. Regular replacement of tools and implements which are worn out is done.



9. Operation & Maintenance of Sanitary Landfill CCP has already commenced the process of appointment of consultants that have previously worked with similar types of sanitary landfill planning and construction. Details on operation and maintenance of the sanitary landfill will be made available as soon as it is ready.



10. Routing Plan for Storage & Collection of MSW The Corporation of the City of Panaji has vehicles that have a route plan that is marked and fixed by the vehicle supervisor before the vehicles leave the garage for collection.

Make & Model No. Registration No. Fraction Assigned Route

Leyland - 1612 GA-01-T-2631 Wet Market to Patto to Inox to Garden to Ribandar Leyland - 1612 GA-01-T-2632 Wet St. Inez-Tonca to GB to Caranzalem to Kamat KinaraLeyland - 810 GA-01-G-7562 Wet Campal to Miramar to Lake View to Dona Paula

Tata - 709 GA-01-T-6142 Wet Altinho to DV Rd to St. Inez to Bhatlem to Mala Leyland - 1612 GA-01-T-2633 Dry St. Inez-Tonca to Caranzalem to Kamat Kinara

Tata - 1613 GA-01-T-4238 Dry St. Inez-Bhatlem to Mala to Municipal Garden Tata - 709 GA-01-T-5246 Dry Campal to St. Mary's to Lake View to Dona Paula Tata - 709 GA-01-T-5247 Dry Altinho Tata - 709 GA-01-T-5674 Dry Market to Patto to Head PO to DV Rd to Ribandar

A detailed route map followed by the Corporation is annexed at Annexure V. Wet waste from households is moved by sanitation workers to various composting stations built around the city. Waste is treated here, before it is left to compost for a period of 1 month. Compost generated is used for the gardens in the city. It is also passed on free of cost to deserving farmers. In most areas where composting stations have not been constructed, wet waste is transported to a larger facility where wet waste is composted in bulk using winrow composting method. For waste generated by Hotels & Restaurants & Market, it is taken to a larger composting facility where winrow composting is done with the help of an excavator and trained staff. Once Dry waste is picked up, it makes its way to once of the two sorting stations in the city where the recyclable fractions are extracted for recycling. The locations of the sorting stations are: Sorting Station - Altinho Opposite ITI Building, Altinho, Panaji, Goa

Sorting Station - St. Inez St. Inez Animal Shelter, St. Inez, Panaji, Goa

After recyclable waste fractions are extracted from dry waste, the residual waste makes its way to the temporary landfill site where it is placed under permanent storage by burial.



11. Institutional & Financial Reform From 1st April 2006, CCP proposes to have a double entry accounting system, which will eliminate any sort of financial mismanagement. For this, training sessions for the staff is underway. Also, services of a professional chartered accountant is being sourced out. In terms of financial reforms, the CCP proposed to revise charges for sanitation of all sections of society. It is also proposed to include these charges directly in the annual property tax.



12. Action Plan for Operation & Maintenance Through User Charges

Since 2003, CCP has implemented user charges for all households,

commercial establishments, restaurants, hotels and hospitals. The charges

are as follows:

Group Purpose Amount Per Month Households Daily Collection of MSW 30 /- Commercial Establishments Daily Collection of MSW 30 /- Restaurants / Hotels: Class A Daily Collection of MSW 300 /- Restaurants / Hotels: Class B Daily Collection of MSW 500 /- Restaurants / Hotels: Class C Daily Collection of MSW 1000 /- Hospitals / Clinics Daily Collection of Med. Waste 500 /- Construction Sites Construction Waste by volume All Groups Leaf & Garden Waste by volume All Groups Large Bulky Items by volume

It has been decided that the above fees will be reviewed, and a new tariff

will be issued effective 1st April 2006.



13. Details of Suitable Land for SWM Facility In order to establish a long term solid waste landfill site for Panaji which

would last for around 50 years, the Corporation of the City of Panaji has

identified and proposes to acquire land for an integrated solid waste landfill

site in survey no. 20/1, 2, 3 and 3A of Bainguinim village of Tiswadi Taluka

measuring an area of 161,550 sq. mts. The proposed land is ideal without

any development in the surrounding areas and has an existing natural tree

buffer zone.

Before moving for acquisition of the said land for integrated sanitary landfill

and solid waste site for Panaji, the Corporation of the City of Panaji applied

to the Goa State Pollution Control Board for an ‘in principle’ approval. The

Goa State Pollution Control Board on receipt of the request conducted a site

inspection of the proposed site and a Committee comprising of the Member

Secretary, Goa State Pollution Control Board, Chief Engineer, Water

Resources Department, a representative of the Town & Country Planning

Department, Air Traffic Controller INS Hansa, and a representative of the

Forest Department inspected the site. On inspection of the site, the

Committee approved in principle the proposed land acquisition for treatment

and disposal of Municipal Solid Waste subject to compliance of the

Municipal Solid Waste [Management & Handling Rules] 2000. Accordingly,

vide letter no. 8/28/05-PCB/Vol.111/1922 dated 2.9.2005, the Goa State

Pollution Control Board granted the 'in principle1 approval for land

acquisition.

The Corporation of the City of Panaji also made a presentation to the Town

& Country Planning Board on 28.10.2005 on the proposal. The Town &

Country Planning Department vide letter no. TIS/33/5/TCP/05/99 dated

22.12-2005 has conveyed Government approval for acquisition of the land.

The Corporation of the City of Panaji has sought administrative approval

and financial sanction from the Government for acquisition of the land



mentioned above. The administrative approval and financial sanction is now

obtained, and the proposal to acquire land has been moved to the Collector

North Goa.



ANNEXURE I

DETAILED ZONE MAP



ANNEXURE II

TEST REPORT FOR QUALITY OF SOLID WASTE



ANNEXURE III

INFORMATION MATERIAL GENERATED FOR CITIZEN

AWARENESS



ANNEXURE IV

DETAILS OF COLONY LEVEL COMPOST STATIONS REQUIRED



ANNEXURE V

DETAILED ROUTE MAP



THIS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL

All data, reports & records included in this report or annexed belongs to the

Corporation of the City of Panaji and shall not be used unless permitted by

the Corporation.

The report has been prepared by Sanjit Rodrigues & Clinton Vaz.

Photo & Map Credit: Clinton Vaz

Sanjit Rodrigues Administrator

Corporation of the City of Panaji

Panaji, Goa – 403 001

Cell: +91 9822 123 738

Office: +91 (832) 2223339

E-mail: [email protected]

Clinton Vaz Waste Management Consultant

Corporation of the City of Panaji

Panaji, Goa – 403 001

Cell: +91 9860 036 828

Office: +91 (832) 2237160

E-mail: [email protected]

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