correcting common sentence errors
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Correcting Common Sentence Errors. Finding and Fixing Comma Splices, Run- Ons and Fragments. Do you want papers with less red marks? . This workshop will:. Help you identify common sentence errors Give you easy ways to make corrections - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Finding and Fixing Comma Splices, Run-Ons and Fragments
Correcting Common Sentence Errors
Do you want papers with less red marks?
Help you identify common sentence errors
Give you easy ways to make corrections
Enable you to develop your own personal editing checklist
This workshop will:
In order to identify a fragment, you need to know what makes up a sentence.Subject + verb .A subject is a noun – but you can have lots of
other parts of speech attached to that noun(Prepositional Phrase) (adjectives) SUBJECT NOUN
+ verbIn the morning, the beautiful tiny bird sings loudly.
(Adverb clause) , SUBJECT NOUN + verbWhile I was eating, he watched television.
SUBJECT NOUN + adjective clause + verbThe girl who has three sisters has lots of clothes.
Understanding Sentences
There are four different types of sentences in academic American EnglishSimple – also called an Independent ClauseCompound – two independent clauses joined
togetherComplex – a dependent clause and an
independent clauseCompound Complex – two independent clauses
joined with at least one dependent clause
Understanding Sentences
Questions about Clauses or Phrases? Click here.
Questions about Sentence Types,Click here
To continue
Unlock the cluesto discover the answer
What makes a Clause?A clause is a collection of words that has both a subject
and a verb.There are two types of clauses: independent and
dependent.Examples:
I enjoy working at PGCC.Because working at PGCC is enjoyable
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What makes a Clause?A clause is a collection of words that has both a subject
and a verb.There are two types of clauses: independent and
dependent.Examples:
I enjoy working at PGCC.Because working at PGCC is enjoyable
SUBJECTClick here to
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What makes a Clause?A clause is a collection of words that has both a subject
and a verb.There are two types of clauses: independent and
dependent.Examples:
I enjoy working at PGCC.Because working at PGCC is enjoyable
VERBClick here to
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What makes a Clause?A clause is a collection of words that has both a subject
and a verb.There are two types of clauses: independent and
dependent.Examples:
I enjoy working at PGCC.Because working at PGCC is enjoyable
INDEPENDENT
DEPENDENT
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What makes a Clause?A clause is a collection of words that has both a subject
and a verb.There are two types of clauses: independent and
dependent.Examples:
I enjoy working at PGCC.Because working at PGCC is enjoyable
INDEPENDENT
DEPENDENTDependent Word Click here
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presentation
What makes a Clause?An Independent Clause is a complete thought. At a
minimum, it contains a subject and a verb. Note: A command independent clause has an implied subject
– you. Example: Close the window.
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What makes a Clause?A Dependent Clause is an incomplete thought. It contains
a subject and a verb, but it also has a dependent word.If left unattached to an independent clause, the listener
or reader may be left with unanswered questions.Example
The apartment where he livesWhile I was outAlthough driving can be challenging
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Identifying Dependent WordsThere are numerous dependent words that are used
to convey meaning. A few are listed below.
After AlthoughAsBecauseBeforeEven ifEven thoughIf In order to
Just asLike
Since Unless
UntilWhereas
WhenWhereWhile
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What makes a Phrase?A Phrase is a collection of two or more words that do not
have a subject/verb relationship.Examples:
Walking on the beachIn the afternoonSomeone on the phoneBeautiful childYelled on the phoneAfter graduation
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Practice Your SkillsIn the following exercise, determine if the collection of
words is a Phrase, Independent Clause or a Dependent Clause.
Things to think about:To do this, identify nouns and/or verbs.If there isn’t a subject and verb, it can’t be a clause! It may
be a phrase.Is the collection of words a complete thought?Is there a dependent word?
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Click here to go to practice
Practice Your Skills1. after the soccer game ended2. at the store3. Gina came into the store4. although I could not play5. the running water6. from earlier centuries7. before a hurricane occurs8. during the rainy season9. I took a quick jog10.Just as he passed by 11.through the winter months12.to do the paper route13.jumping rope
14.will have finished
Besides identification, another way to practice is to create independent clauses from the dependent clauses and phrases.
Example: During the rainy season (phrase)IC: The jungle comes alive during the rainy season.
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Practice Your Skills1. While the baby slept2. In the moonlight3. Running is fun4. The student’s grades5. approached silently6. Giraffes eat leaves7. Throughout our time together8. Understanding his meaning9. Although he apologized10.The audience clapped11.On the broken steps12.The baby’s surprising long hair13.In order to succeed14.The team won
Besides identification, another way to practice is to create independent clauses from the dependent clauses and phrases.
Example: During the rainy season (phrase)IC: The jungle comes alive during the rainy season.
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Sentence Types in American Academic
English
Four TypesSimpleCompoundComplexCompound Complex
Understanding how these sentences are constructed will enhance your writing.
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SimpleAlso known as an Independent Clause (IC)A complete thoughtMade up of a Subject and a VerbCan have a compound subject and/or a
compound verbMay not have a stated subject (in command
sentences)
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SimpleS V = ICExamples:
I went to the store.Olu and Maria got married.Samira and Oscar went home and made
dinner.Don’t drink that coffee!
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CompoundMade up of two Independent Clauses joined
by a coordinator (a conjunction or a transitional word)
Conjunctions:FANBOYSAlways proceeded by a comma
Transitional Word:Always proceeded by a semicolon and followed
by a comma
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CompoundIC(SV) con IC(SV) = CompoundExamples:
Olu got married to Maria, and they moved to Washington, DC.
Samira made dinner, so Oscar did the dishes.
We spent time together; however, it wasn’t always a good experience.
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ComplexMade up of at least one Independent
Clause (IC) and one Dependent Clause (DC)
DC = dependent word (subordinator) SV. Some dependent words can also act as the
subject of the dependent clause. DC= depVA dependent clause is not a complete
thought. Comma Rules: DC, IC. IC DC.
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ComplexDC(depSV) IC(SV) = ComplexExamples:
Olu got married after he moved to Washington, DC.
While Samira made dinner, Oscar did the dishes.
The storybook that I read to my son made him laugh.
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Compound-ComplexMade up of at least two Independent Clauses
joined by a coordinator (a conjunction or a transitional word) and a Dependent Clause
Must meet the requirements of both Compound and Complex sentences.
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Compound-ComplexDC (dep SV) IC(SV) con IC(SV)Examples:
Olu got married to Maria after he immigrated, and they decided to live in Washington, DC.
Samira made dinner, so Oscar, who was a good husband, did the dishes.
We spent a lot of time together; however, it wasn’t always a good experience because we frequently argued.
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Practice ExerciseIdentify the Sentence Type:
Although he was a nice person, he didn’t have many friends.
She frequented the library; however, she never checked out any books.
When the police made an arrest, the neighbors were relieved.
The noise of the airplane rattled the windows, and it scared the animals.
When he graduated, he looked for a job, but he couldn’t find one that suited him.
The dog ran after the cat. The rainstorm lasted into the evening and caused
flooding.Click here to
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Practice ExerciseIdentify the Sentence Type:
CX: Although he was a nice person, he didn’t have many friends.
CO: She frequented the library; however, she never checked out any books.
CX: When the police made an arrest, the neighbors were relieved.
CO: The noise of the airplane rattled the windows, and it scared the animals.
COCX: When he graduated, he looked for a job, but he couldn’t find one that suited him.
S: The dog ran after the cat. S: The rainstorm lasted into the evening and caused
flooding.Click here to
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Practice ExerciseUse these clauses to practice creating
sentences when they left however, the teacher gave the test she was happy so they talked a bird sang in the tree who was very frightened if he wanted
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Make your sentence errors disappear
Guarantee “A” papers
But it will help you get closer to your goal of less red, more well said
This workshop will NOT:
Read the following paragraph and try to identify errors with sentence structure.
The many serious effects of smoking. The principle effect is the deterioration of a smoker’s health. Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to be hooked up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis, a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive. The strong, offensive odor of smoke in clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook, smoking has always been an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The negative effects of smoking are many. Which one is wondering why people do not find a way to break this harmful addiction.
Practice Exercise
Let’s review one sentence at a time.
The many serious effects of smoking.
Practice Exercise
1. Can you identify the subject and verb?
2. There is no verb! This is a FRAGMENT.
3. Fix the problem by adding a verb.
The principle effect is the deterioration of a smoker’s health. Smoking increases the risk of lung dis1.1.ease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to be hooked up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis, a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive. The strong, offensive odor of smoke in clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook, smoking has always been an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The negative effects of smoking are many. Which one is wondering why people do not find a way to break this harmful addiction.
Let’s review one sentence at a time.
The many serious effects of smoking. The principle effect is the deterioration of a smoker’s health. Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to be hooked up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis, a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive. The strong, offensive odor of smoke in clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook, smoking has always been an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The negative effects of smoking are many. Which one is wondering why people do not find a way to break this harmful addiction.
Practice Exercise
1. Can you identify the subject and verb?
2. Yes. No problems here.
Let’s review one sentence at a time.
The many serious effects of smoking. The principle effect is the deterioration of a smoker’s health. Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to be hooked up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis, a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive. The strong, offensive odor of smoke in clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook, smoking has always been an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The negative effects of smoking are many. Which one is wondering why people do not find a way to break this harmful addiction.
Practice Exercise
Let’s review one sentence at a time.
The many serious effects of smoking. The principle effect is the deterioration of a smoker’s health. Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to be hooked up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis, a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive. The strong, offensive odor of smoke in clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook, smoking has always been an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The negative effects of smoking are many. Which one is wondering why people do not find a way to break this harmful addiction.
Practice Exercise
Let’s review one sentence at a time.
The many serious effects of smoking. The principle effect is the deterioration of a smoker’s health. Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to be hooked up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis, a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive. The strong, offensive odor of smoke in clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook, smoking has always been an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The negative effects of smoking are many. Which one is wondering why people do not find a way to break this harmful addiction.
Practice Exercise
Let’s review one sentence at a time.
The many serious effects of smoking. The principle effect is the deterioration of a smoker’s health. Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to be hooked up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis, a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive. The strong, offensive odor of smoke in clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook, smoking has always been an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The negative effects of smoking are many. Which one is wondering why people do not find a way to break this harmful addiction.
Practice Exercise
Let’s review one sentence at a time.
The many serious effects of smoking. The principle effect is the deterioration of a smoker’s health. Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to be hooked up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis, a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive. The strong, offensive odor of smoke in clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook, smoking has always been an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The negative effects of smoking are many. Which one is wondering why people do not find a way to break this harmful addiction.
Practice Exercise
Let’s review one sentence at a time.
The many serious effects of smoking. The principle effect is the deterioration of a smoker’s health. Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to be hooked up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis, a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive. The strong, offensive odor of smoke in clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook, smoking has always been an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The negative effects of smoking are many. Which one is wondering why people do not find a way to break this harmful addiction.
Practice Exercise
Let’s review one sentence at a time.
The many serious effects of smoking. The principle effect is the deterioration of a smoker’s health. Smoking increases the risk of lung disease, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. Smoking creates respiratory problems prolonged use may lead to emphysema and the need to be hooked up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the lungs. Another effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis, a smoker's breath always smells foul and repulsive. The strong, offensive odor of smoke in clothing, hair, and skin. The final effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook, smoking has always been an expensive habit, and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The negative effects of smoking are many. Which one is wondering why people do not find a way to break this harmful addiction.
Practice Exercise