correlations to: dc earth science and physics high … · 41 lab report 49 steps of scientific...

ES.1.01 Earth Science

Scientific Investigation and Inquiry

Know the elements of scientific methodology (identification of a problem, hypothesis formulation and prediction, performance of experimental tests, analysis of data, falsification, developing conclusions, reporting results) and be able to use a sequence of those elements to solve a problem or test a hypothesis. Also understand the limits of any single scientific method (sequence of elements) in solving problems.)

38 describe steps of the scientific method

41 write up results

41 lab report

49 steps of scientific method

105 recognizing needed information

105 using what you know

85 present results to the class

146 make an oral presentation about results

155 plan three experiments to determine which variable affects the period of a pendulum



Know that scientists cannot always control all conditions when obtaining evidence, and when theyare unable to do so for ethical or practical reasons, they try to observe as wide a range of naturaloccurrences as possible so as to be able to discern patterns.

727 limits of what science can answer 7 recognize that repeatability is necessary

9 repeatability of investigations is necessary

11 collaboration and peer review

13 recognizing controlling variables

241 recognize and control variables

ES.1.03

CPO Science

Correlations to: DC Earth Science and Physics High School Standards

Physical, Earth, and Space Science, 1st Edition

Standard DescriptionVolume 1

Student TextVolume 2

Investigation Manual

08-08-2012 of 68



Recognize the cumulative nature of scientific evidence.

36 historical context and perspective of discoveries

111 seeing connections between classroom learning and real life

117 seeing connections between what is learned in science and observations of real world

667 the history of clocks and the division of time

257 seeing connections between what has been learned in class to the real world

268 see connections between classroom and real life



Recognize the use and limitations of models and theories as scientific representations of reality.

25 making graphical model from data

26 creating graphical model from data

28 constructing graph from data

29 constructing a graph

34 recognizing that scientific knowledge is a process of learning

38 evaluate how research shapes scientific knowledge

38 recognition that science is a process

64 science is a process of investigation of learning about the natural world

81 graphs

82 making and evaluating graphs

610 harmonic motion graphs

11 making and evaluating a graphical model

22 create a graph

24 predict what graph will look like

28 make graph from data

34 graphical models

35 construct algebraic model from data

50 modeling convection in Earth's atmosphere

52 human arm model

53 graph mass vs. volume

62 modeling incoming solar radiation

62 constructing and evaluating graphical models from data

67 Bohr model

75 modeling an atom

77 modeling chemical bonds and valence electrons

77 build model of Na and Cl atoms and explain why they bond to form a molecule

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

78 build models of Na and Cl and use them to explain bonding

86 modeling a chemical bond

96 modeling a reaction

113 creating and evaluating graphical model from data

119 science is often in the form of models

119 model Earth

120 model inner layers of Earth

137 create a solubility curve

142 water cycle model


174 modeling the reason for the seasons

176 modeling the intensity of light that falls on Earth

190 construct graphical model from data and evaluate

203 construct and evaluate a quantitative graphical model


240 construct and evaluate graphical models

249 modeling rock types to study rock cycle

277 design models

ES.1.05

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68



Distinguish between a conjecture (guess), hypothesis, and theory as these terms are used in science.



39 critique based on evidence


8 conducting scientific inquiry by asking questions and formulating hypotheses

8 testing explanations against observations

23 test your prediction

60 conduct scientific inquiry

85 perform the experiment you designed

85 review your hypothesis

91 scientific inquiry

91 testing hypothesis

155 perform self-designed experiment

155 investigate variables that affect the period of a pendulum



Plan and conduct scientific investigations to explore new phenomena, to check on previous results,to verify or falsify the prediction of a theory, and to use a crucial experiment to discriminate betweencompeting theories.

235 investigate buoyancy 8 conducting scientific inquiry by asking questions and formulating hypotheses


85 design experiment to find out if mass is conserved


114 scientific inquiry through field investigations


155 design pendulum experiment

263 design scientific investigations

ES.1.07

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68



Use hypotheses to choose what data to pay attention to and what additional data to seek and toguide the interpretation of the data.

28 identifying cause and effect relationships

36 understand sensitivity of measuring tools

39 formulate a testable hypothesis

82 identify cause and effect relationships—real and hypothesized

6 identify cause and effect relationships

7 formulate hypothesis

8 make hypothesis


13 cause and effect relationships

20 make a hypothesis

27 understand the sensitivity of a measuring tool



110 formulate testable hypothesis

115 sequencing events











Identify and communicate the sources of error inherent in an experiment.

10 accuracy, precision, resolution

21 significant digits

40 recognizing and controlling variables in observations and experiments

41 good experimental technique

13 analysis of errors

23 calculate percent error

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68



Identify discrepant results and identify possible sources of error or uncontrolled conditions.

82 making and evaluating graphs 155 evaluate statistical significance



Select and use appropriate tools and technology to perform tests, collect data, analyze relationships,and display data. (The focus is on manual graphing, interpreting graphs, and mastery of metricmeasurements and units, with supplementary use of computers and electronic data gathering when appropriate.

6 measurement and units

7 measuring with SI units

7 English vs SI

13 measurement

13 understand length measurements in metric units

13 understand length measurement

14 length measurement

24 interpretation of patterns from graphs and tables


25 making line and pie and and bar graphs



28 estimating from a graph

29 interpretation of patterns in data


81 graphs

82 interpretations of patterns in data


1 selecting tools of measurement

10 graphs

11 interpretation of data patterns from observation


11 line graphs

22 create a graph



34 graphical models



66 interpret patterns in data

66 create line graphs

112 making measurements


114 interpretation of patterns from data

125 measurements

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

124 interpret patterns in data from tables

437 interpretation of data from graphs and charts





206 interpretation of data

207 making graphs

218 create a graph

225 measurements

226 length measurements



256 measurement


278 measuring

278 length measurements in km and m


ES.1.11

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68



Formulate and revise explanations using logic and evidence.

35 construct explanations supported by direct and indirect evidence

36 review theories based on observations

37 review scientific hypothesis based on comparison with evidence

40 analyze hypothesis based on data

457 interpreting observations


17 interpret observations and propose explanations

34 interpret observations





110 interpret observations and pose explanations











Analyze situations and solve problems that require combining concepts from more than one topicarea of science and applying those concepts.

110 relationship between science and technology—maglev trains

111 seeing connections between classroom learning and real life

117 seeing connections between what is learned in science and observations of real world

259 factors like water that affect populations in ecosystems

325 biomolecules

161 how the human eye sees light

176 modeling the intensity of light that falls on Earth

181 analyzing light from a star

252 evolution

269 hearing sound

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68



Apply mathematical relationships involving linear and quadratic equations, simple trigonometricrelationships, exponential growth and decay laws, and logarithmic relationships to scientificsituations.

15 calculating light year using scientific notation


104 using algebraic formulas

118 using algebraic model

133 using algebraic models

161 kinetic energy formula

170 the power equation

204 the heat equation

239 pressure and temperature relationship

395 equation for Ohm’s law

614 calculating wave speeds

675 scientific notation

708 astronomic numbers expressed in scientific notation

733 converting numbers to scientific notation

195 calculating solar brightness units (SBU) from kilometers in scientific notation

201 unit canceling

218 derive a formula



Recognize and deal with the implications of statistical variability in experiments, and explain the need for controls in experiments.



52 variables

11 recognizing and controlling variables




ES.1.15

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68



Observe natural phenomena, and analyze their location, sequence, or time intervals (e.g., relative agesof rocks, locations of planets over time, and succession of species in an ecosystem).

549 determine pH ranges of solutions

550 identify an organism’s response to external stimuli

666 Earth’s rotation and patterns of day and night

667 patterns of day and night and years

668 phases of the moon

673 identify seasons

35 construct algebraic model from data

50 observational data

110 observational skills

116 determining the relative ages of rock formations

117 sequencing events in a geologic cross-section

254 collect observational data



268 observational data



Read a topographic map and a geologic map for information provided on the maps.

59 use maps to identify major features such as mountains and rivers

67 students know that ocean floor gives evidence for plate tectonics

480 Henry Hess and sea-floor spreading

489 plate boundaries

494 sea floor characteristics show evidence of plate tectonics

122 maps

123 maps

124 maps

132 know how to read and interpret latitude and longitude on maps

208 maps

ES.1.17

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68



Construct and interpret a simple scale map and topographic cross-section.

56 reading and interpreting maps

57 read and interpret maps specifically latitude and longitude

58 interpret maps

61 students read and interpret maps—topographic contours

62 reading topographic maps

63 students interpret topographic contours

64 topographic maps

65 reading and interpreting maps—contour lines and latitude and longitude

71 latitude and longitude and contours

72 interpret topographic maps

16 topographic profiles

18 topographic profiles

208 maps



Describe the contributions of key scientists throughout history, including Claudius Ptolemy, Nicholas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Tycho Brahe, Galileo Galilei, Nicholas Steno, Sir Charles Lyell, James Hutton, Henrietta Leavitt, Alfred Wegener, and Edwin Hubble.

178 Robert Brown and Brownian motion

287 contributions of Heisenberg

459 Hutton, Lyell, and Darwin

478 Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift

480 Henry Hess and sea-floor spreading

ES.2.01

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Universe

Recognize that the universe contains many billions of galaxies, and each galaxy contains manybillions of stars.

718 general characteristics of universe—galaxies

718 what is a galaxy

719 features of universe as we currently understand it

719 galaxies change over time

719 discovery of other galaxies

719 types of galaxies

720 characteristics of the universe

721 characteristics of the universe

724 description of galaxy as we know it

734 research and describe astronomical objects

278 general characteristics of universe


The Universe

Describe various instrumentation used to study deep space and the solar system (e.g., telescopes thatrecord in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, including visible, infrared, and radio,refracting or reflecting telescopes, and spectrophotometer.)

681 how astronomical instruments help us understand the universe

712 history of the telescope

713 types and uses of telescopes

716 spacecraft as tools of astronomy

719 how astronomical instruments helped us learn about the universe

724 astronomical instruments

192 measuring apparent brightness to calculate the distance to stars and galaxies

ES.2.03

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Universe

Describe Hubble’s law, and understand the big bang theory and the evidence that supports it(microwave background radiation, relativistic Doppler effect).

726 historical theories of universe

726 how doppler shift and cosmic background radiation are evidence for Big Bang

727 theories of universe origin

727 evidence for Big Bang




The Universe

Explain the basics of the fusion processes that are the source of energy of stars.

695 how stars produce energy

695 explain how stars produce energy

697 general features of the life cycle of stars

698 how stars form and how they produce energy and stars’ life cycle

699 star begins as a nebula

699 how stars form and features of life cycle

700 formation of a red giant

700 formation of stars

700 white dwarf stars

701 life cycle of a star

703 star’s life cycle

727 how stars form

728 star life cycle

179 using a spectrometer to identify elements

180 analyzing light from different light sources


182 star life cycle and H-R diagram

183 graphing star data

184 groupings on the H-R diagram

ES.2.05

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Universe

Explain that the mass of a star and the balance between collapse and fusion determine the color,brightness, lifetime, and evolution of a star.

694 classifying stars

695 using temperature and color to classify stars

696 using brightness and luminosity to classify stars

696 brightness of a star

697 H-R diagrams

697 temperature and luminosity of stars

178 stars and spectroscopy

191 astronomy and light

ES.2.06

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Universe

Analyze the life histories of stars and different types of stars found on the Hertzsprung-Russelldiagram, including the three outcomes of stellar evolution based on mass (black hole, neutron star,white dwarf).

694 classifying stars



695 using temperature and color to classify stars

696 using brightness and luminosity to classify stars

696 brightness of a star


697 H-R diagrams

697 temperature and luminosity of stars









727 how stars form

728 star life cycle








191 astronomy and light

ES.2.07

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Universe

Describe how elements with an atomic number greater than helium have been formed by nuclearfusion processes in stars, supernova explosions, or exposure to cosmic rays.

701 evidence that elements with atomic numbers greater than lithium have been found in stars

728 evidence that elements with atomic number higher than lithium were made in stars





The Universe

Explain that the redshift from distant galaxies and the cosmic microwave background radiationprovide evidence for the big bang model that the universe has been expanding for 13 to 14 billionyears.

726 how doppler shift and cosmic background radiation are evidence for Big Bang





The Universe

Construct a model and explain the relationships among planetary systems, stars, multiple-starsystems, star clusters, galaxies, and galactic groups in the universe.

709 calculating and using light years

711 light years and time

718 relationship of solar system to the universe

718 light years

721 light years

724 light years

726 historical theories of universe

727 theories of universe origin

277 use of light years

277 use astronomical units

278 astronomical units

284 use light years to describe distances in the universe

ES.3.01

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Solar System

Describe the location of the solar system in an outer edge of the disc-shaped Milky Way galaxy,which spans 100,000 light-years.

158 compare Earth with the other planets with respect to supporting life

203 Earth compared with other planets with respect to supporting life

247 comparison of Earth’s atmosphere to other planets

718 relationship of solar system to the universe


The Solar System

Compare and contrast the differences in size, temperature, and age of our sun and other stars.

697 compare Sun to other stars

698 compare Sun to other stars

700 compare Sun with other stars

701 compare Sun with other stars




ES.3.03

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Solar System

Understand and describe the nebular theory concerning the formation of solar systems, including the roles of planetesimals and protoplanets.












727 how stars form

728 star life cycle








The Solar System

Observe and describe the characteristics and motions of the various kinds of objects in our solarsystem, including planets, satellites, comets, and asteroids, and the influence of gravity and inertia onthese motions.


203 Earth compared with other planets with respect to supporting life

247 comparison of Earth’s atmosphere to other planets

672 role of gravity in solar system

675 role of gravity in solar system

278 general characteristics of universe

284 appearance of the night sky

ES.3.05

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Solar System

Explain how Kepler’s laws predict the orbits of the planets.

662 describe compare and explain the orbits of moons and planets

681 orbits of other bodies in the solar system

682 other bodies in solar system

683 orbits on bodies in solar system


The Earth System

Examine and describe the structure, composition, and function of Earth’s atmosphere, including therole of living organisms in the cycling of atmospheric gases.

246 composition of Earth’s atmosphere

248 definition of atmospheric pressure

250 water vapor as part of the atmosphere

251 atmosphere structure

256 water vapor as part of atmosphere

267 atmosphere


302 describe components of the atmosphere such as oxygen and nitrogen and water vapor

64 use techniques for atmospheric measurement


228 techniques of atmospheric measurement


The Earth System

Investigate and describe the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere as it has evolved over geologictime (outgassing, origin of atmospheric oxygen, variations in carbon dioxide concentration).

246 composition of Earth’s atmosphere

250 water vapor as part of the atmosphere



302 describe components of the atmosphere such as oxygen and nitrogen and water vapor

373 greenhouse gases

374 how greenhouse gases work

265 climate change over time and what it would do to currents

ES.4.03

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Earth System

Describe the main agents of erosion: water, waves, wind, ice, plants, and gravity.

466 forces like volcanoes and erosion form and shape Earth


567 protection of watersheds

568 water cycle and volcanic activity

591 rivers streams erosion and deposition

144 explain how water is related to erosion

146 rivers and streams

146 water cycle related to erosion

147 running water shapes the landscape


148 predict evolution of land features resulting from erosion

150 predict results of erosion


226 mountain building

266 how rock cycle is related to erosion


The Earth System

Explain the effects on climate of latitude, elevation, and topography, as well as proximity to largebodies of water and cold or warm ocean currents.

254 how differential heating of Earth causes air movements

255 differential heating of Earth results in circulation of air

259 latitudes affect where biomes occur

259 distribution of deserts and rain forests because of oceans

265 differential heating of Earth leads to distribution of heat

260 global winds and ocean currents

261 exploring salinity and temperature-dependent layering

263 understanding the North Atlantic gyre

264 differential heating causes circulation of currents


The Earth System

Explain the possible mechanisms and effects of atmospheric changes brought on by things such asacid rain, smoke, volcanic dust, greenhouse gases, and ozone depletion.

375 greenhouse gases and the atmosphere

376 understanding global climate change

552 acid rain

677 greenhouse conditions on Venus

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Earth System

Determine the origins, life cycles, behavior, and prediction of weather systems.

253 large scale movement of air and how it affects weather

254 how differential heating of Earth causes air movements

255 how air movement affects weather

255 differential heating of Earth results in circulation of air

256 water cycle related to weather

256 movement of air affects weather

259 latitudes affect where biomes occur

259 distribution of deserts and rain forests because of oceans

263 large scale movement of air causes weather changes


265 differential heating of Earth leads to distribution of heat

269 water cycle affects weather


50 modeling convection in Earth's atmosphere

52 exploring sea and land breezes

61 heating land and water

260 global winds and ocean currents

261 exploring salinity and temperature-dependent layering

263 understanding the North Atlantic gyre

264 differential heating causes circulation of currents


The Earth System

Investigate and identify the causes and effects of severe weather.

257 changes in weather

263 changes in weather

264 reasons for changes in weather

267 reasons for changes in weather

268 causes of severe weather

269 changes in weather and causes for storms

270 reasons for tornadoes

275 propose action plan for tornado safety

66 describe changes in weather

229 causes for tornadoes

231 hurricanes

ES.4.08

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Earth System

Explain special properties of water (e.g., high specific and latent heats) and the influence of largebodies of water and the water cycle on heat transport and, therefore, weather and climate.

257 types of water

267 types of water on Earth

530 water structure and its function as a solvent

530 a water molecule is v-shaped

530 why water is a nearly universal solvent

534 solvent affects solubility

539 identify how factors influence solubility—including nature of solvent

545 water as universal solvent

548 water as universal solvent

558 The hydrosphere


142 explain relationship between solar energy and precipitation and rivers and oceans


143 understand relationship between solar energy and water cycle


The Earth System

Describe the development and dynamics of climatic changes over time corresponding to changes inthe Earth’s geography (plate tectonics/continental drift), orbital parameters (the Milankovitch cycles),and atmospheric composition.

250 effect of elevation on climate

264 things that affect climate and weather


378 global climate change and you

451 geologic time scale

681 asteroid impact of 65 million years ago



The Earth System

Describe the nitrogen and carbon cycles and their roles in the improvement of soils for agriculture.

246 nitrogen cycle


267 atmosphere

ES.4.11

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Earth System

Explain that the oceans store carbon dioxide mostly as dissolved HCO3– and CaCO3 as precipitate orbiogenic carbonate deposits.

470 composition of the oceans 261 differences between fresh and salty water


The Earth System

Use weather maps and other tools to forecast weather conditions.

249 measuring atmospheric pressure with barometers

263 large scale movement of air causes weather changes


265 maps



66 describe changes in weather

228 techniques of atmospheric measurement

229 causes for tornadoes

231 hurricanes


The Earth System

Use computer models to predict the effects of increasing greenhouse gases on climate for the planetas a whole and for specific regions.



The Earth System

Read and interpret space weather data (solar flares, geomagnetic storms, solar wind).

690 features and emissions of the sun 191 astronomy and light


CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Hydrologic Cycle

Explain how water flows into and through a watershed (e.g., properly use terms precipitation,aquifers, wells, porosity, permeability, water table, capillary water, and runoff).

550 acid rain

566 depleting Ogallala aquifer

566 groundwater

567 protecting watersheds



96 ocean acidification




240 oil seeps




Describe the processes of the hydrologic cycle, including evaporation, condensation, precipitation,surface runoff, and groundwater percolation, infiltration, and transpiration.


256 water cycle related to weather

257 types of water

267 atmosphere

267 types of water on Earth

269 water cycle affects weather

558 The hydrosphere

566 groundwater




142 explain relationship between solar energy and precipitation and rivers and oceans


143 understand relationship between solar energy and water cycle







Identify and explain the mechanisms that cause and modify the production of tides, such as thegravitational attraction of the moon, the sun, and coastal topography.

670 solar eclipses

672 tides and Earth and moon’s relationship

676 giant impact theory

172 phases of the moon

ES.6.01

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Rock Cycle

Differentiate among the processes of weathering, erosion, transportation of materials, deposition,and soil formation.



148 predict evolution of land features resulting from erosion



226 mountain building


The Rock Cycle

Illustrate the various processes and rock types that are involved in the rock cycle, and describe howthe total amount of material stays the same throughout formation, weathering, sedimentation, andreformation.

69 types of rock and how they are formed

466 how rocks are formed

482 convection cells in the mantle drive lithospheric plates


591 rivers streams erosion and deposition


146 types of rocks and how they are formed




The Rock Cycle

Explain the absolute and relative dating methods used to measure geologic time.

451 geologic time scale

453 absolute dating

459 relative dating



252 general history on Earth


ES.6.04

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68


The Rock Cycle

Recognize and explain geologic evidence, including fossils and radioactive dating, that indicates theage of the Earth.

452 fossil record helps to understand the history of Earth

453 absolute dating

457 relative dating

459 relative dating





The Rock Cycle

Trace the evolution of the solid Earth in terms of the major geologic eras.

466 plate tectonics

478 Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift

481 oceanic and continental crust and lithospheric plates

130 theory of plate tectonics

252 plate tectonics


253 plate tectonics

P.1.01 Physics

Scientific Thinking and Inquiry

Know the elements of scientific methodology (identification of a problem, hypothesis formulation and prediction, performance of experimental tests, analysis of data, falsification, developingconclusions, reporting results) and be able to use a sequence of those elements to solve a problem or test a hypothesis. also, understand the limitations of any single scientific method (sequence of elements) in solving problems.)

38 describe steps of the scientific method


41 write up results

41 lab report

49 steps of scientific method

105 recognizing needed information

105 using what you know


8 make hypothesis




85 present results to the class


146 make an oral presentation about results

155 plan three experiments to determine which variable affects the period of a pendulum





CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

P.1.02 Physics


Know that scientists cannot always control all conditions when obtaining evidence, and when theyare unable to do so for ethical or practical reasons, they try to observe as wide a range of naturaloccurrences as possible so as to be able to discern patterns.

35 recognize that repeatability of investigations is necessary

39 recognize repeatability of investigation is necessary for verification of evidence

44 importance of repeatability

44 science and peer review

727 limits of what science can answer

7 recognize that repeatability is necessary

9 repeatability of investigations is necessary

11 collaboration and peer review

P.1.03 Physics


Recognize the cumulative nature of scientific evidence.


38 evaluate how research shapes scientific knowledge



291 history of periodic table development

P.1.04 Physics


Recognize the use and limitations of models and theories as scientific representations of reality.



28 know that scientific knowledge can be in the form of models



81 graphs



3 how close were predictions


22 create a graph


26 compare prediction to graph


34 graphical models

48 compare prediction to results

52 human arm model

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68



75 modeling an atom

86 modeling a chemical bond

96 modeling a reaction


119 science is often in the form of models




218 create a graph

219 which model is supported?



P.1.05 Physics


Distinguish between a conjecture (guess), hypothesis, and theory as these terms are used in science.



39 critique based on evidence


P.1.06

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

P.1.06 Physics


Plan and conduct scientific investigations to explore new phenomena, to check on previous results,to verify or falsify the prediction of a theory, and to use a crucial experiment to discriminate betweencompeting theories.

8 conducting scientific inquiry by asking questions and formulating hypotheses




114 scientific inquiry through field investigations




P.1.07

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

P.1.07 Physics


Use hypotheses to choose what data to pay attention to and what additional data to seek and toguide the interpretation of the data.


36 understand sensitivity of measuring tools


82 identify cause and effect relationships—real and hypothesized



8 make hypothesis


13 cause and effect relationships


27 understand the sensitivity of a measuring tool




115 sequencing events









P.1.08 Physics


Identify and communicate the sources of error inherent in an experiment.

10 accuracy, precision, resolution

21 significant digits

41 good experimental technique

13 analysis of errors

23 calculate percent error

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

P.1.09 Physics


Identify discrepant results and identify possible sources of error or uncontrolled conditions.

155 evaluate statistical significance

P.1.10 Physics


Select and use appropriate tools and technology to perform tests, collect data, analyze relationships,and display data. (The focus is on manual graphing, interpreting graphs, and mastery of metricmeasurements and units, with supplementary use of computers and electronic data gathering when appropriate.)

6 measurement and units

7 measuring with SI units

7 English vs SI

13 measurement

13 understand length measurements in metric units

13 understand length measurement


24 interpretation of patterns from graphs and tables


25 making line and pie and and bar graphs




29 interpretation of patterns in data


81 graphs

82 interpretations of patterns in data


1 selecting tools of measurement

10 graphs

11 interpretation of data patterns from observation


11 line graphs

22 create a graph



34 graphical models



66 interpret patterns in data

66 create line graphs

112 making measurements


114 interpretation of patterns from data

125 measurements

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

124 interpret patterns in data from tables

437 interpretation of data from graphs and charts





206 interpretation of data

207 making graphs

218 create a graph

225 measurements




256 measurement


278 measuring

278 length measurements in km and m


P.1.11 Physics


Formulate and revise explanations using logic and evidence.




8 testing explanations against observations

8 make hypothesis



17 interpret observations and propose explanations


CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

23 test your prediction







85 perform the experiment you designed

91 testing hypothesis

110 interpret observations and pose explanations






155 investigate variables that affect the period of a pendulum









CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

P.1.12 Physics


Analyze situations and solve problems that require combining concepts from more than one topicarea of science and applying those concepts.

110 relationship between science and technology—maglev trains


261 what things affect biomes and populations there

325 biomolecules

329 general understanding of chemical composition of cells

550 identify an organism’s response to external stimuli

P.1.13 Physics


Apply mathematical relationships involving linear and quadratic equations, simple trigonometricrelationships, exponential growth and decay laws, and logarithmic relationships to scientificsituations.

15 calculating light year using scientific notation


104 using algebraic formulas

118 using algebraic model

133 using algebraic models

161 kinetic energy formula

170 the power equation


239 pressure and temperature relationship

395 equation for Ohm’s law

614 calculating wave speeds

675 scientific notation

708 astronomic numbers expressed in scientific notation

733 converting numbers to scientific notation


201 unit canceling

218 derive a formula

P.1.14

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

P.1.14 Physics


Recognize and deal with the implications of statistical variability in experiments, and explain the need for controls in experiments.



52 variables





P.2.01 Physics

Motion and Forces

Explain that when the net force on an object is zero, no acceleration occurs; thus, a moving objectcontinues to move at a constant speed in the same direction, or, if at rest, it remains at rest(Newton’s first law).

87 quantitative understanding of acceleration as a rate of change of velocity

98 forces needed to change motion

109 changes in motion require application of force

116 change in motion require force

117 quantitative understanding of force changing motion

126 changes in motion require force

127 change in motion requires force

129 force is an action with potential to change motion

159 understanding of force as the ability to change motion

27 forces as ability to change motion

33 explore Newtons' first law of motion

34 explore the effect of inertia on a cart's motion

P.2.02 Physics

Motion and Forces

Explain that only when a net force is applied to an object will its motion change; that is, it willaccelerate (according to Newton’s second law, F=ma).

93 Newton’s second law


132 Newton’s second law—qualitative

33 second law of motion

36 qualitative understanding of Newton’s third law



CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

P.2.03 Physics

Motion and Forces

Predict and explain how when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object alwaysexerts a force of equal magnitude but of opposite direction and force back on the first:F1 on 2 = –F2 on 1(Newton’s third law).

137 Newton’s third law—action and reaction

138 Newton’s third law—qualitative

143 Newton’s third law

33 qualitative understanding of F = ma



P.2.04 Physics

Motion and Forces

Explain that Newton’s laws of motion are not universally applicable, but they provide very goodapproximations, unless an object is moving close to the speed of light, has a very large mass, or issmall enough that quantum effects are important.

288 quantum theory

P.2.05

CPO Science






08-08-2012 of 68

P.2.05 Physics

Motion and Forces

Explain that every object in the universe exerts an attractive force on every other object. Know themagnitude of the force is proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects andinversely proportional to the distance between them:F = G m1m2

661 Newton’s universal law of gravitation

672 gravity causes orbits

P.2.06 Physics

Motion and Forces

Investigate and explain how the Newtonian model — the three laws of motion plus the law ofgravitation — makes it possible to account for such diverse phenomena as tides, the orbits of theplanets and moons, the motion of falling objects, and Earth’s equatorial bulge.

90 effect of gravity on motion

92 projectile explained

103 effect of gravity on objects

116 effects of gravity

142 Newton’s laws in terms of real situations—sports and cars

720 effect of gravity

P.2.07 Physics

Motion and Forces

Explain how a force acting on an object perpendicular to the direction of its motion causes it tochange direction but not speed.

91 change in direction or velocity defined as change in direction

P.2.08

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.2.08 Physics

Motion and Forces

Demonstrate that a motion at constant speed in a circle requires a force that is always directedtoward the center of the circle.

P.2.09 Physics

Motion and Forces

Solve kinematics problems involving constant speed and average speed.

76 average vs instantaneous speed

78 speed

81 calculating speed

83 calculating speed

85 calculations for speed

19 finding speed

21 find speed of car

30 compare speeds of cars

32 calculate speed of car

38 find speed of car

205 calculate speed

207 calculate speed

208 speed calculations

231 calculate speed

P.2.10 Physics

Motion and Forces

Apply the law F=ma to solve one-dimensional motion problems involving constant forces(Newton’s second law).

117 quantitative understanding of force changing motion


P.2.11

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.2.11 Physics

Motion and Forces

Use and mathematically manipulate appropriate scalar and vector quantities (F, v, a, Dr, m, g) to solvekinematics and dynamics problems in one and two dimensions.

85 calculations for speed

93 quantitative understanding of acceleration as change in speed

100 quanitative understanding of force as a vector

114 compare and contrast constant and changing velocity

115 force as vector

126 compare and contrast constant and changing velocity

131 acceleration is a rate of change of speed

14 vectors have magnitude and direction

26 calculate car’s acceleration

32 positive and negative acceleration


35 calculate acceleration

P.2.12 Physics

Motion and Forces

Solve problems in circular motion, using the formula for centripetal acceleration in the followingform: a = v2/r.

91 change in direction or velocity defined as change in direction

P.2.13 Physics

Motion and Forces

Create and interpret graphs of speed versus time and the position and speed of an object undergoingconstant acceleration.

81 changes in motion can be represented graphically

83 changes in motion can be shown graphically

84 speed vs. time graph



25 position vs time graph

26 speed vs time graph

P.3.01

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.3.01 Physics

Conservation of Energy and Momentum

Recognize that when a net force, F, acts through a distance, Dx, on an object of mass, m, which isinitially at rest, work, W = FDx, is done on the object; the object acquires a velocity, v, and a kineticenergy, K = 1⁄2mv2 = W = F Dx.

152 calculating work

159 calculating work done on objects

40 investigating work done on energy car

41 calculate work done on car

P.3.02 Physics


Describe how an unbalanced force, F, acting on an object over time, Dt, results in a change, Dp = FDt, in the object’s momentum.

115 balanced and unbalanced forces

117 use concepts of balanced or unbalanced forces

119 unbalanced forces cause motion

136 understand and use concept of balanced and unbalanced forces to create motion

137 balanced and unbalanced forces

P.3.03 Physics


Describe how kinetic energy can be transformed into potential energy and vice versa (e.g., a bouncingball).

159 energy is stored work

160 potential energy explained

161 potential to kinetic energy conversions


39 investigate energy changes with energy car system

42 exploring energy and work in the energy car system

217 compare potential and kinetic energy of car

217 potential and kinetic energy

219 conservation of energy

P.3.04

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.3.04 Physics


Explain that momentum is a separately conserved quantity that is defined in one dimension asp = mv. Know that the momentum of a system can be changed only by application of an externalimpulse, J = FDt. Know that the total momentum of a closed system can

140 momentum

P.3.05 Physics


Define power as the rate at which work is done:P = W/Dt

170 calculating power 282 calculate the power output of a photovoltaic cell

P.3.06

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.3.06 Physics


Identify the joule, J, as the SI unit for work and energy; the unit for power is the watt, W; and theunit for impulse and momentum is the kg•m/s.

87 difference between basic and derived units

93 derived units

99 force is a derived unit

135 derived units

152 work and energy are measured in joules

155 energy and joules

170 units of power

201 joules and heat energy

217 derived and basic units

442 electrical power is measured in watts

40 investigating work done on energy car

41 calculate work done on car

P.3.07 Physics


Describe the conditions under which each conservation law applies.

140 momentum


161 kinetic energy explained

164 law of conservation of energy

166 conservation of energy in a broader context

39 energy in a system




P.3.08 Physics


Calculate kinetic energy using the formula K = 1⁄2mv2.

160 calculating potential energy

161 calculating kinetic energy




P.3.09

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.3.09 Physics


Calculate changes in gravitational potential energy, U, due to elevation changes, Dh, near the Earth,using the relation DU = mgDh.

160 calculating potential energy

161 calculating kinetic energy




P.3.10 Physics


Solve problems involving conservation of energy in simple systems such as that of falling objects.






P.3.11 Physics


Apply the law of conservation of mechanical energy to simple systems.


161 kinetic energy explained

164 law of conservation of energy






P.3.12 Physics


Calculate the momentum of an object as the productp = mv.

140 momentum

P.3.13

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.3.13 Physics


Solve problems involving perfectly inelasticcollisions in one dimension using the principle of conservation of momentum.

140 collisions explained 213 investigate collisions

215 relate collisions to action/reaction forces

P.3.14 Physics


Calculate the changes in motion of two bodies in one-dimensional elastic collisions in which bothenergy and momentum are conserved.

140 collisions explained 213 investigate collisions

215 relate collisions to action/reaction forces

P.4.01 Physics

Mechanics of Fluids

Explain that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of thefluid it has displaced.

234 identify properties of fluids—buoyancy

235 investigate buoyancy

236 investigate properties—including buoyancy


57 predict whether it will float or sink

P.4.02

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.4.02 Physics

Mechanics of Fluids

Recognize that a change in the pressure at any point in a fluid is accompanied by an equal change atall other points (Pascal’s principle).

227 how pressure is created on a molecular level

228 atomic level explanation of pressure

229 Bernouilli’s principle and the airfoil

265 pressure

268 pressure

270 concept of pressure

P.4.03 Physics

Mechanics of Fluids

Identify that the pressure in an incompressible fluid (e.g., water) is a function of density, r; depth, y;and gravitational acceleration, g.

265 pressure

268 pressure

270 concept of pressure

P.4.04 Physics

Mechanics of Fluids

Solve problems involving floating and sinking bodies using Archimedes’ principle.


236 investigate properties—including buoyancy


57 predict whether it will float or sink

262 will a fluid sink or float

P.4.05 Physics

Mechanics of Fluids

Understand that Bernoulli’s principle, p + 1⁄2rv 2 = constant, is a consequence of conservation of mechanical energy applied to a moving, incompressible fluid, and apply it accurately.

229 Bernouilli’s principle

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.4.06

Physics

Mechanics of Fluids

Solve problems involving a confined, isothermal gas using Boyle’s law.

230 Boyle’s law and the behavior of gases

239 importance of Charles’s law

P.5.01 Physics

Heat and Thermodynamics

Recognize that heat flow and work are two forms of energy transfer between a system and itssurroundings.

159 energy is stored work

201 heat and work

251 change in temperature is evidence of energy transfer

P.5.02 Physics


Describe and measure that the change DU in the internal energy of a system is equal to the sum ofthe heat flow, Q, into the system and the work, W, done on the system: DU = Q + W (first law ofthermodynamics).


200 flow of thermal energy is heat

201 calories explained


256 cooling and heating processes

257 processes that cause substances to gain energy

570 processes that cause water to gain energy



P.5.03

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.5.03 Physics


Describe and measure the work, W, done by a heat engine as the difference between the heatflow, Qin, into the engine at high temperature and the heat flow, Qout, out at a lower temperature:W = Qin – Qout.

152 calculating work

P.5.04 Physics


Explain that thermal energy (commonly called heat) consists of random motion and the vibrationsand rotations of atoms, molecules, or ions.

186 kinetic theory and temperature

192 heat energy and molecular motion

203 kinetic theory

251 average kinetic energy equals temperature

135 kinetic theory

P.5.05 Physics


Describe how in everyday practice, temperature is measured with a thermometer, a device containinga part that has a thermometric parameter (a quantity that changes with temperature).

184 measuring temperature 256 thermometers

P.5.06

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.5.06 Physics


Investigate and describe how the absolute temperature of an object is proportional to the averagekinetic energy of the thermal motion of its microscopic parts.

188 absolute zero

192 heat energy and molecular motion

P.5.07 Physics


Recognize that the absolute temperature is measured in kelvins (K); 0 K is the temperature at whichthe average kinetic energy of the microscopic parts of the system is an irreducible minimum.

188 absolute zero

P.5.08 Physics


Explain that on the everyday Celsius scale, 0°C = 273.15 K, which is very close to the freezing pointof pure water at atmospheric pressure, 100°C = 373.15 K is very close to the temperature at whichpure water boils at a pressure of 1 atmosphere.

184 measuring temperature

184 converting between Fahrenheit and Celsius

188 Kelvin and Celsius scales

48 Data Collector and temperature probe

P.5.09

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.5.09 Physics


Describe that when two objects at different temperatures are in contact, heat energy always flowsfrom the object at a higher temperature to the object at a lower temperature by the process ofconduction until the two are at the same (intermediate) temperature.

36 objects at different temperatures reach an intermediate temperature

206 thermal equilibrium

P.5.10 Physics


Explain the process of convection: Because the density of fluids varies with temperature, the warmerparts of a fluid tend to move into and mix with the cooler parts, resulting in a transfer of heatenergy from place to place.

206 heat conduction

208 natural and forced convection

208 heating systems and convection

209 thermal radiation

210 apply knowledge of heat transfer to different situations

50 movement of heat—convection

51 convection

61 heat transfer through radiation

P.5.11 Physics


Explain that all objects emit electromagnetic radiation at a rate that rises very rapidly with theirtemperature. As a result, know that a warmer body that is in the line of sight with a cooler one will transfer net energy to it, cooling down while the cooler object warms up.

209 thermal radiation and different surfaces

695 wavelength and color and infrared light and thermal radiation

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P.5.12 Physics


Demonstrate that in all internal energy transfers, the overall effect is that the energy is spread outuniformly.

201 heat and work

251 change in temperature is evidence of energy transfer

P.5.13 Physics


Recognize that entropy is a quantity that measures the order or disorder of a system and that it islarger for a more disordered system.

P.5.14 Physics


Explain the law, “the entropy of a closed system will always either increase or remain the same,”based on the statistics of the behavior of immense numbers of atoms or molecules that governs allclosed systems (second law of thermodynamics).

P.5.15

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.5.15 Physics


Use a p-V diagram to graph simple thermodynamic processes for an ideal gas (for which pV = nRT );for example, an isothermal process is described by a hyperbola, an isobaric process by a horizontalstraight line, and an isochoric process by a vertical straight line.

230 Boyle’s law and the behavior of gases

P.5.16 Physics


Use the second-law-based Carnot efficiency formula, h = (Tin – Tout)/Tin, to calculate the maximumpossible efficiency for a heat engine.

201 calories explained


P.5.17 Physics


Given heat input and work output data, calculate the efficiency of a real heat engine or human being(e.g., a well-trained athlete working out for eight hours may consume 7,000 kcal of food (20 MJ) aday and do work at the rate of 1⁄4HP (187 W) over an eight-hour period during that day. What is his or her thermodynamic efficiency?).

168 efficiency explained 217 energy exchange and efficiency

218 energy conservation and efficiency

P.5.18

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.5.18 Physics


Describe a refrigerator as a heat engine operated “in reverse.”

P.6.01 Physics

Waves

Explain that waves carry energy from one place to another.

613 waves transmit energy

632 electromagnetic waves transmit energy

268 see connections between classroom and real life

P.6.02 Physics

Waves

Observe and describe that a mechanical wave is a disturbance in a medium. For example, a soundwave in air is a slight variation in the pressure of the air surrounding a vibrating object, such as a bell.

503 P-waves can travel through solid and fluid rock media

157 wave as oscillation in a medium

158 wave as oscillation in a medium

159 making circular waves in a ripple tank

205 concept of a medium in terms of supporting waves

P.6.03

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.6.03 Physics

Waves

Explain that waves conform to the superposition principle: Any number of waves can pass throughthe same point at the same time, and the amplitude, A, of the resulting wave at that point at anytime is the sum of the amplitudes of the superposed waves. Use the principle of superposition to describe the interference effects arising from propagation of several waves through the same medium.

618 destructive interference 229 interference

P.6.04 Physics

Waves

Demonstrate how standing waves on a stretched string are the result of the superposition of thewave moving away from the source and the wave reflected back from the other end of the string.

624 wavelength of sound 159 how boundaries affect waves

P.6.05 Physics

Waves

Explain that longitudinal waves can propagate in any medium, but transverse waves can propagateonly in solids.

617 longitudinal waves 159 categorize waves by how they move

P.6.06

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.6.06 Physics

Waves

Describe that sound in a fluid medium is a longitudinal wave whose speed depends on the propertiesof the medium in which it propagates.

67 applications of acoustic principles

622 acoustics

204 principles of echolocation



207 application of echolocation

P.6.07 Physics

Waves

Differentiate electromagnetic waves from mechanical waves (i.e., electromagnetic waves are notdisturbances in a medium. Rather, such waves are a combination of a varying electric field and avarying magnetic field, each of which, in varying, gives rise to the other. Electromagnetic waves can therefore propagate in empty space).

635 relationship between electricity and magnetism in the formation of electromagnetic waves

636 relationship between electricity and magnetism in making electromagnetic waves

106 how are electricity and magnetism related?

107 investigate relationship between magnetism and electricity using electromagnets

108 iron and electromagnets

P.6.08 Physics

Waves

Know that radio waves, light, and X-rays are different wavelength bands in the spectrum ofelectromagnetic waves whose speed, c, in a vacuum is approximately 3×108 m/s (186,000miles/second).

627 electromagnetic waves in common technology (i.e. radar)

634 white light is a mixture of colors

636 properties of electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths

228 use of electromagnetic waves in common technology

229 use of electromagnetic waves in common technology

P.6.09

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.6.09 Physics

Waves

Explain how Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell used Ampère’s law and Faraday’s law to predictthe existence of electromagnetic waves and predict that light was just such a wave. Know thesepredictions were confirmed by Heinrich Hertz, whose confirmations thus made possible the fields of radio, TV, and many other technologies.

632 speed of light

635 nature of light in terms of waves and energy info flow

P.6.10 Physics

Waves

Predict and explain how light travels through a transparent medium at a speed, v, less than c. Theindex of refraction of the medium is defined to be n = c/v.

167 study refraction in a prism

P.6.11 Physics

Waves

Explain that when a light ray passes from air into a transparent substance, such as glass, havingindex of refraction n, it is refracted through an angle given by Snell’s law, n sin qi = n sin qr, where qiis the angle of incidence of the ray and qr is the angle of refraction.

167 study refraction in a prism

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.6.12 Physics

Waves

Describe waves in terms of their fundamental characteristics of speed, v; wavelength, l; frequency, f;or period, T, and amplitude, A, and the relationships among them. For example, f l = v, f = 1/T. Solve problems involving wavelength, frequency, and wave speed.

613 frequency and amplitude and wavelength of waves

623 speed of sound

624 wavelength of sound

626 wavelength and frequency

632 speed of light

635 nature of light in terms of waves and energy info flow

157 wavelength and frequency and speed of waves

158 wavelength and frequency and speed of waves

P.6.13 Physics

Waves

Identify transverse and longitudinal waves in mechanical media such as springs, ropes, and theEarth (seismic waves).

617 transverse waves 159 making circular waves in a ripple tank

159 categorize waves by how they move

P.6.14 Physics

Waves

Identify the phenomena of interference (beats), diffraction, refraction, the Doppler effect, andpolarization, and that these are characteristic wave properties.

616 refracted waves

626 Doppler effect

646 refraction

725 the Doppler effect

205 waves in different materials

228 Doppler effect

229 Doppler effect

229 interference

P.6.15

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.6.15 Physics

Waves

Use Snell’s law to calculate refraction angles and analyze the properties of simple optical systems.

648 angle of incidence equals angle of reflection

649 index of refraction

165 investigate law of reflection

P.6.16 Physics

Waves

Identify electromagnetic radiation as a wave phenomenon after observing interference, diffraction,and polarization of such radiation.

P.7.01 Physics

Electromagnetism

Determine how an electric charge, q, exists in two kinds: positive (+) and negative (–). Know that likecharges repel each other, and unlike charges attract each other with an electrostatic force whosemagnitude is given by Coulomb’s law, F = kq1q2/r12 2, where k is a constant. Know that the unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C).

278 Coulomb’s law

284 Coulomb’s law

384 charged objects and static electricity

398 semiconductors

398 conductors and insulators

98 concept of electrical charge

P.7.02

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.7.02 Physics

Electromagnetism

Explain that around any point charge, Q, there is an electric field, E = k Q/r2. Know that anothercharge, q, located in this field will experience a force of magnitude F = qE and that the unit of electricfield is the newton per coulomb (N/C).

384 charged objects and static electricity

420 concept of force fields

98 concept of electrical charge

P.7.03 Physics

Electromagnetism

Calculate electric potential (voltage): When a charge, q, is pulled through a field, E, over a distance,d, work, W = qd, is done. The work done per unit charge, W/q, is the electric potential, V. Thus, V =Ed. The unit of electric potential is the volt, V; 1 V = 1 Nm/C.

268 electrical potential causes lightning

390 understanding voltage

404 voltage in a series circuit

408 voltage in a parallel circuit

100 explore the concept of voltage

P.7.04

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.7.04 Physics

Electromagnetism

Know that most materials fall into one of two categories: electrical conductors, through which anelectric charge can flow easily under the influence of an electric field, and electrical insulators (ordielectrics), through which a charge cannot flow easily under the influence of an electric field, and electrical insulators (or dialectrics), through which a charge cannot flow easily.

398 semiconductors 99 electrical conductivity of various materials

P.7.05 Physics

Electromagnetism

Explain that a source of electromotive force (EMF) is any device (such as a battery) that furnishes asteady potential between two terminals. Know that if a conducting loop is supplied between the two terminals, an electric current, I, will flow. Know, ttoo, that current is measured in the number of coulombs per second that flow past a given point in the conductor: I = q/t and that the unit of electric current is the ampere (A); 1 A = 1 C/s

385 electric current

387 battery circuits

389 current in simple circuits

391 measuring current with a multimeter

402 current in a series circuit

407 current in a parallel circuit

98 construct simple circuits

98 concept of electric current

99 simple circuits

P.7.06

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.7.06 Physics

Electromagnetism

Give evidence that almost all metals are good electrical conductors; nevertheless, they do offer someresistance (friction) to the flow of current. Know that the greater the potential difference betweenthe ends of the conductor, the greater the current; the greater the resistance, the less the current. Know, too, that for most metals and many other condutors, the current is determined by Ohms law, V = IR. A conductor that conforms to this rule is called an ohmic condutor.

386 resistors

389 measuring electric current

390 measuring voltage

391 using a multimeter to measure current

393 understanding electrical resistance

394 measuring resistance

395 Ohm’s law

397 resistance of common objects

402 resistance in a series circuit

405 Ohm’s law and voltage drops

100 measure current in a circuit

102 apply the concept of electrical resistance

242 measure voltage and current in series circuits

245 use a multimeter

P.7.07 Physics

Electromagnetism

Explain that any resistive element in a DC circuit transforms electrical energy into thermal energy ata rate (power) given by Joule’s law, P = IV, which in an ohmic element has the special form P = I2R =V 2/R.

434 direct current 102 apply the concept of electrical resistance

P.7.08

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.7.08 Physics

Electromagnetism

Recognize that plasmas, the fourth state of matter, contain ions and free electrons in such numbersthat they are electrically neutral overall, but the many free charges they contain make them goodconductors of electricity. Recognize that the glowing gas in a neon light is plasma.

188 plasma

P.7.09 Physics

Electromagnetism

Explain the properties of transistors and their role in electric circuits.

P.7.10 Physics

Electromagnetism

Explain that magnetic materials and electric currents (moving electric charges) are sources ofmagnetic fields, and they experience forces due to magnetic fields of other sources.

420 concept of magnetic field

425 what is an electromagnet?

427 building an electromagnet

104 investigate magnetism

105 using a compass to detect magnetic forces



P.7.11

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.7.11 Physics

Electromagnetism

Demonstrate how changing magnetic fields produce electric fields (Faraday’s law), thereby inducingcurrents in nearby conductors.

433 electromagnetic induction explained

P.7.12 Physics

Electromagnetism

Explain how electric and magnetic fields are vector fields that contain energy.

420 concept of force fields

P.7.13 Physics

Electromagnetism

Investigate and explain how various wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum have many usefulapplications such as radio, TV, microwave radars and ovens, cellular telephones, infrared detectors,optical cables, and X-ray machines.

627 electromagnetic waves in common technology (i.e. radar)

636 electromagnetic spectrum

P.7.14

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.7.14 Physics

Electromagnetism

Explain the magnitude of the force on a moving particle with charge, q, in a magnetic field, B, is qvBsin q, where v is the speed of the particle, B is the magnitude of the magnetic field, and q is the anglebetween the directions of v and B.

419 using magnetic forces

420 concept of magnetic field


427 building an electromagnet

104 investigate magnetism

105 using a compass to detect magnetic forces



P.7.15 Physics

Electromagnetism

Describe the advantages to alternating current over direct current for power distribution networks.

434 direct current

P.7.16 Physics

Electromagnetism

Calculate the power dissipated in any resistive circuit element by using Joule’s law in the appropriateform.

386 resistors

393 understanding electrical resistance

394 measuring resistance

397 resistance of common objects

402 resistance in a series circuit

102 apply the concept of electrical resistance

P.7.17

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.7.17 Physics

Electromagnetism

Predict the current in simple direct current electric circuits constructed from batteries, wires, andresistors.

385 electric circuits

387 battery circuits

98 construct simple circuits

99 simple circuits

P.7.18 Physics

Electromagnetism

Solve problems involving Ohm’s law in series and parallel circuits.

395 Ohm’s law

401 series circuits

405 Ohm’s law and voltage drops

407 parallel circuits

409 parallel circuits in homes

99 series circuit

245 build a parallel circuit

P.7.19 Physics

Electromagnetism

Determine the direction of a magnetic field produced by a current flowing in a straight wire and ina coil (use the right-hand rule).


P.7.20 Physics

Electromagnetism

Explain the operation of electric generators, motors, and transformers in terms of Ampère’s law andFaraday’s law.

431 how an electric motor works

432 dissecting an electric motor

434 how a generator works

P.8.01

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.8.01 Physics

Nuclear Processes

Explain how the research of Marie Curie, later in collaboration with her husband, Pierre, spurred thestudy of radioactivity, and led to the realization that one kind of atom may change into another kind,and so atoms must be made up of smaller parts. Rutherford, Geiger, and Marsden found these parts to be small, dense nuclei surrounded by much larger clouds of electrons.

278 atoms are made up of protons and neutrons and electrons

283 structure of an atom and three smaller particles

355 basic concepts of radioactivity and decay of one atom into another

67 understand the structure of an atom based on protons and neutrons and electrons

68 radioactivity

69 radioactivity

76 review subatomic particles

P.8.02 Physics

Nuclear Processes

Recognize that the nucleus, although it contains nearly all of the mass of the atom, occupies less ofthe atom than the proportion of the solar system occupied by the sun.

278 atoms are made up of protons and neutrons and electrons

279 protons neutrons and electrons

280 basic properties of an atom and the three subatomic particles

283 structure of an atom and three smaller particles

284 three subatomic particles and their charge

67 understand the structure of an atom based on protons and neutrons and electrons

76 review subatomic particles

P.8.03 Physics

Nuclear Processes

Explain how the mass of a neutron or a proton is about 2,000 times greater than the mass of anelectron.

279 protons neutrons and electrons

280 basic properties of an atom and the three subatomic particles

284 three subatomic particles and their charge

P.8.04

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.8.04 Physics

Nuclear Processes

Describe Niels Bohr’s model of the atom, its electron arrangement, and the correlation with thehydrogen spectrum.

289 electron shells 67 Bohr model

P.8.05 Physics

Nuclear Processes

Explain Albert Einstein’s photoelectric effect.

P.8.06 Physics

Nuclear Processes

Describe Louis de Broglie’s insight into the wave-particle duality.

P.8.07 Physics

Nuclear Processes

Describe the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and how it arises naturally from the fact that matterhas wavelike properties.

P.8.08

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.8.08 Physics

Nuclear Processes

Explain the principle of special relativity and some of its implications, including the mass-energyequivalence equation, E = mc2.

P.8.09 Physics

Nuclear Processes

Demonstrate how the mass of a stable nucleus is always less than the sum of the masses of theprotons and neutrons comprising it. Know this is especially true of the elements in the region of theperiodic table around iron (26 protons, 30 neutrons) and generally less so of elements with greater or lesser atomic numbers than this.

P.8.10

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08-08-2012 of 68

P.8.10 Physics

Nuclear Processes

Explain that if lighter atoms are fused to form atoms closer to iron, or heavier atoms are split to formatoms closer to iron, there is a mass loss. Explain that according to the principle of conservation ofmass-energy, this mass loss must be accompanied by a release of elnergy according to Einstein's mass-energy equation. know that, because c2 is such a large number, a small mass loss leads to a large energy release.

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08-08-2012 of 68

correlations to: dc earth science and physics high … · 41 lab report 49 steps of scientific...

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