Corruption in Russia

Fall Semester, 2006

Dept. Of Russian Studies

Gyeongsang National University

Subjects:

• Measuring corruption

• Cases:Russia

Introduction

Transparency International• International NGO fighting corruption• Mainstreaming of corruption as an

international issue• National chapters• Indexes, conferences (e.g. IACC),

research etc.

Measuring corruption

Measuring corruption

Corruption Perception Index (CPI):• Based on up to 13 other indexes• Shows only perception of corruption• Statistical average• Number of countries growing each

year• Most cited corruption index• Politically very important (World

Bank etc.)• Annually since 1995 (from 41 to 159

countries)

Measuring corruption

ScoreRank Statistical data

Measuring corruption

Measuring corruption

CPI: 2002 2003 20042005

Russia: 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.471st 86th 90th 126th

Trends:• Rich countries – low corruption• Former Soviet Union – high corruption

Measuring corruption

Bribe Payers’ Index (BPI) (only 2002)• Measures a country’s exporters’ bribe-

paying abroad

Rankk

Score Rank Score

1 Australia 8.5 12 France 5.5 Sweden 8.4 United States 5.3 2

Switzerland 8.4 13

Japan 5.3 4 Austria 8.2 Malaysia 4.3 5 Canada 8.1

15 Hong Kong 4.3

Netherlands 7.8 17 Italy 4.1 6 Belgium 7.8 18 South Korea 3.9

8 United Kingdom 6.9 19 Taiwan 3.8 Singapore 6.3 20 People’s Republic of China 3.5 9

Germany 6.3 21 Russia 3.2 11 Spain 5.8 Domestic companies 1.9

Measuring corruption

CPI and BPI (Corruption in-country and abroad)

Transparency Internationals CPI (2003) og BPS (2002, justeret)

R2 = 0,7102

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

9,0

10,0

2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0

CPI

BP

S ju

st.

Rusland

Hong Kong

Taiwan

Belgien

Østrig Australien

Svejts Canada

Singapore

USA

Kina

Sydkorea

Sverige

Japan

Malaysia

Italien

Frankrig Spanien

Tyskland

UK

Nederlandene

Most corrupt

Corruption in country

Cor

rupt

exp

orte

rs

Case: Russia

Basic facts: Very low CPI score: 2,4 (126th) ~30 bn $ a year Everywhere: Traffic police, politicians,

state administration, universities, courts, hospitals, army (new entry!)

Changed nature since USSR and from Yeltsin to Putin

Case: Russia

Typology:• Type:

Forced – all officials free to demand bribes and offer corrupt services

• Organisation:Decentralised – chaotic; no central control with collection of bribes

• Networks:Active corruption occurs mostly in closed networks, which are opening up