cosmology
DESCRIPTION
COSMOLOGY. International Meeting of Fundamental Physics (“Winter” meeting) Santiago de Compostela, 2007. Eduard Mas só UAB/IFAE. Program. The standard cosmological model The observed universe Inflation. Neutrinos in cosmology. Emphasis on “Particles”. Science, vol. 315, 2007. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
COSMOLOGY
Eduard MassóUAB/IFAE
International Meeting of Fundamental Physics(“Winter” meeting)Santiago de Compostela, 2007
Program
1. The standard cosmological model
2. The observed universe
3. Inflation. Neutrinos in cosmology
Emphasis on “Particles”
Science, vol. 315, 2007
Our universe is expanding
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redshift
co-movingdistancescale
lights-yearsago
today
Co-moving co-ordinates
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On top: peculiar (real) velocities
Hubble’s law & Cosmological principle
Universe homogenous & isotropicon large scales
Cosmological principle
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Hubble’s discoveryQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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Hubble’s law: QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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(today)
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Expansion (or contraction) is inevitable
RG + CP
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Robertson-Walker metric(homogeneity & isotropy)
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Parameters:
Parametersare relatedby eqs.
Cosmological equations
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Friedmann eqs.
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1
2a
1+2a -> 2b
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Spatial geometry &Light propagationQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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OpenFLAT Closed
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3D
Spatial geometry &Light propagationQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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Luminosity distanceQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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Measured flux(E/time/area)
Absolute luminosityE/time in rest frame
Luminosity distance
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Hubble’s law
Exact:
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That was kinematics
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Cosmological constant contribution
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Negativepressure
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+ any other component
Solution to cosmological eqs.
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Equation of state
Assume i - dominance and
RD universe
MD universe.
CCD universe
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Critical density
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Define also
(Today)
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Not energy-density contribution
Rewriting Friedmann eqs.QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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Cosmic sum rule
2a today
Notice signs
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The future QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
+ Initial conditions taken today
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Diff. eq.
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Eternal Expansion OR Recollapse ?
EE
R
EE
R
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1
2
3
Distance - RedshiftQuickTime™ and a
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Co-moving distance to source:
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Where:
Can neglect QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressorare needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a
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Distance-redshift relation is function of
Age of the universe
look-back time
lifetime
Flat univ.QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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Our univ.QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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(Age crisis: Open universe gave too low lifetime)
Which universe ?
The past universe
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today
rad
mat
cc
equality
recombination
nucleosynthesis
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next
The hot universe
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number density
energy density
pressure
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distribution
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g= deg. of freedom
Equilibrium thermodynamics
Decoupling of speciesExpansion:
Interaction:
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rates
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Phase transitionsSymmetry restoring
2n order
1st order
Phase transitions
Conformal timeQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Particle HorizonIt is the physical distance photons can travel until a time t Defines causal distance at a given time t
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Program
1. The standard cosmological model
2. The observed universe
3. Inflation. Neutrinos in cosmology