NEED4B develops an open and easily replicable methodology for designing, constructing, and operating new low energy buildings, while including all stakeholders taking part in the process.This methodology is based on tools and procedures including:

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)

Building Information Modelling (BIM)

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Life Cycle Cost (LCC)

Occupants' Behaviours on Building Energy Use (BEU)

Energy Performance Simulation Software (EPSS)

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme (FP -7) for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No: 285173

Project duration: 6 years (2012-2018) Project Budget: 9.5 M€Funding EC: 5.7 M€ Project Coordinator:

The NEED4B Methodology for energy e�cient buildings has been validated and enriched by the experience gathered in a series of demonstration buildings constructed in 4 European countries. These demonstration buildings show the technical feasibility and cost-e�ectiveness of constructing buildings with a primary energy consumption lower than 60 kWh/m2 per year representing 65% reduction in operating costs compared to current regulations and regular practices. The most suitable set of innovative and cost-e�ective energy e�cient solutions and technologies for each building typology has been selected, addressing all areas of the building design, structure and envelope, HVAC, integration of RES, water and waste management and control systems. Using this comprehensive methodology, where principles of engineering and architecture are studied in tandem, the challenge of 60 kWh/m2/year is achieved.

COST EFFECTIVE

TURKEY | İSTANBULBuilding type: Tertiary buildingMonitored since January 2015

ITALY | LECCEBuilding type: Multi-mix buildingMonitored since January 2016

BELGIUM | STAMBRUGESBuilding type: Single family houseMonitored since January 2016

SWEDEN | BORAS & VARBERGBuilding type: Single family houseBoras: Monitored since March 2015 Varberg: Monitored since October 2015

Maintenance Phase

Opera

tion P

hase

Permitting

Phase

Preliminary

Design Phase

Detailed Design Phase

Final Design Phase

Testing &

CommissioningPhase

Indoor &Outdoor�nishing Phase Plants&AuxiliarySystem Phase

Above GroundStructure and

Building Cladding& Roof Phase

Feasibility Phase

Foundations &

Underground

Structure Phase

Site Opening &

PreparationPhase

ENERGYEFFICIENCY

TEAM

STAK

EHO

LDER

S INVOLVED

IN T

HE

OPE

RATI

ON & M

AINTAINANCE

(pro

ject

man

ager

, eng

ineers

, architects, e

tc.)

STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED

IN

THE CONSTRUCTION

PHASE

(Construction manager, contractors, suppliers, etc.)

STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE

(Construction manager, contractors, suppliers, etc.)

N E E D 4

""·--·······"' ...

BELGIUM I STAMBRUGES STAMBRUGES HOUSE

50 29' 593" N; 3° 42' 53.1" ETotal Primary EnergyConsumption*: 28 kWh/nı2 year

STAMBRUGES House is assembled in residential and office area, consists of a wood based envelope house aiming at demonstrating the construction of passive house. it is in an Oceanic climatic zone.

STAMBRUGES House has a total of 307 m2 gross area including entry hail, office, kitchen, living room, laundry room, garage, three bedrooms, ironing room, two bathrooms, game corner, attic

*!lea/-rime moniroring

N E E D 4 ... ,.,..,rn,;­�-----•·•••"' ...

Building Structure and Envelope

Prefabricated wood structure (CLT) with screw connection

Parameters Equipment Loads Lighting: 2.08 Wlm' Temperature for Heating : 21'(

Temperature for Cooling : 2s0c Occupancy : 0.016 person/m2

Ventilation: 5.05 W/m' (+ forced

ventilation in summer)

Domestic Hot Water: 9.2 W/m'

Appliances: 58.18 W/m'

Electric heater: 1.35 W/m'

Wood stove: 14.43 W/m'

Working Schedule of Building During Weekends: ON

Thennal Max. Transmittance

Values

Opaque surfaces: 0.09 W/m'K Roof: 0.09 W/m'K Grourıd Floor: 0.09 W/m'K Transparent Suıiaces: 0.5 W/m'K Average: 0.14 W/m'K

Shading Elements

Roller blind external screens on all windows orienled Lowards soulh are used. Rs = �5%

N E E D 4 Roof

Roofwith slope PIR at the interior side: 22 cm

CLT (5 layers of 2 cm) 10 cm Flexible membrane rainscreen

Lathing and tiles

Flat roof CLT 10 cm (3 layeıs)

Bituminous vapour barrier PUR:24cm

Butyl rubber as sealing -ıinish

T ransparent Surfaces

Triplc glazing with Ug = 0.5 W/m2K

Uf< 0.9 W/mıK respectively and gv - 0,53

Floor in Contact with Ground Ea11h ground Compacted gravel layer: 20 cm Compacted stabilized sand: 15 cm Concrete with iron reinforcement: 23 cm Stabilized sand as technical layer: 5 cm Plastic sheet PUR (2 layers of 12 cm): 24 cm Plastic sheet Stabilized sand reinforcement: 7 cm Tiles irı ceramic

N E E D 4

Monitoring System

Opaque Surfaces Groundfloor eıcternal walls

lnteriour plaster panel: 1 cm

Cross laminated timber (5 x 2 cm}

PIR: 22 cm (2x11)

Wood siding & colorful fiber plates

1st Floor exterior walls

lnLeriour plasLer panel: 1 cm

Wooden panels CLl 10 cm

EPS: 30 cm

There are 6 electric rneters with Mbus technology and 1 calorimeter for hat water. The energy from the DHW storage tank is measured with an ultrasonic heat meter. Temperature and humidity are measured in the different living areas using Zigbee sensors to monitor cornfort, acting as routers to increase the rarıge which is not connected to the system.

Heating System

Law energy wood fire (wood chips heating / 3--6 kW) with accumulation in 96 kg of stones is used. This heaLing sysLem is airLighL and LoLally mechanically automatic.

Ventilation System

Controlled mechanical ventilation with heat recoverysystem is used.

Double-flow heat exchanger has 89% of efficiency. The ventilation unit has fine electrostatic filtration and preheats to prevent freezing of the unit.

The elecLrosLaLic rııLer creaLes a lıeld or OLone, combined wilh a distribution of negative ions giving a bactericidal effect in the metallic pipe of the air distribution.

N E E D 4

PVPanels

PV Panels (planned for 2018) 80 rn2 of photovoltaic panels at the roof (BIPV)

Sanitary HotWater Heat Purnp air/Water of 300 liters for hot water with possibility to connect with thermal solar

panels (COP 3.4 (15°/51° C))

Lighting

Class A6 LED low energy light systems

The Varberg House is assembled in a new attractive residential area near Varberg. It was �rst used as a demon-stration house and then, it became a family home.

VARBERGVARBERG HOUSE

57° 13 ́17.51" N; 12° 27 ́17.98" ETotal Primary

Energy Consumption*: 52 kWh/m² year The Forskningsvillan is assembled at RISE main research facility and used as a full-scale test lab for energy e�cient technologies and construction details, with arti�cial user behavior loads; and for smart grid research.

BORASFORSKNINGSVILLAN57° 71 ́65.43" N; 12° 89 ́03.14" ETotal PrimaryEnergy Consumption*: 31 kWh/m² year

SWEDEN

The houses are in coast climatic zone. They have a total of 217 m2 heated area, entry hall, kitchen, living room, laundry room, four rooms.

*Real-time monitoring

Thermal Max. TransmittanceValues

Opaque surfaces: 0.11 W/m2KRoof: 0.08 W/m2K

Ground Floor: 0.1 W/m2KTransparent Surfaces: 0.8 W/m2K

Average: 0.16 W/m2K

Thermal Max. TransmittanceValuesOpaque surfaces: 0.11 W/m2KRoof: 0.08 W/m2KGround Floor: 0.1 W/m2KTransparent Surfaces: 0.8 W/m2K Average: 0.16 W/m2K

ParametersTemperature for Heating: 21 °CTemperature for Cooling: N/AOccupancy: 0.025 person/m2

Equipment LoadsLighting: 3.4 W/m2Ventilation: 5.0 W/m2Domestic hot water and heat pump: 13 W/m2 Appliances: 4.8 W/m2

Equipment LoadsLighting: 2.3 W/m2

Ventilation, domestic hot water and heat pump: 38 W/m2Water pumps: 2.1 W/m2

Appliances: 16 W/m2

ParametersTemperature for Heating: 21 °C

Temperature for Cooling: N/AOccupancy: 0.032 person/m2

FORSKNINGSVILLANVARBERG HOUSE

Shading ElementsWindow glasses contain sun-protection surfaces avoiding the sun rays to

penetrate to interior, reducing over temperatures at interiors.

Floor in Contact with GroundThe concrete slab minimizing the risk of radon gas leakage. Walls have a thin line of insulation under the sill to prevent water transport from the slab to the wall.

Transparent SurfacesThe windows are placed in

the middle of the wall, with an angled outside frame and a U-value of 0.8 W/m2 K. The

glasses have solar protection.

RoofThe 44 cm roof insulation is partially placed on the outside of the wood structure to prevent moist damages. The tiles are clay. Between the insulation and tiles there is a roo�ng felt made of a material similar to GoreTex, Isola.

Opaque SurfacesWalls: wood frame with total 32 cm insulation . Part of the insulation is placed on the outside of the wood structure to prevent moist damages

FORSKNINGSVILLANVARBERG HOUSE

Heating SystemThe house has a geothermal heat pump that

provides room heating and hot water. Heating is distributed by hydronic �oor heating on the

ground �oor and by radiators upstairs.

Heating SystemThe house has a geothermal heat pump (can be altered to ground source) that provides room heating and hot water. Heating is distributed by hydronic �oor heating and can be altered to radiators.

Monitoring SystemThere are 30 measuring points and a smart internal power grid. The equipment room houses all of the

heating, ventilation, electrical and measuring system installations in the house. The electric

system is connected in the equipment room with a 60 A fuse and the inverter from the PV panels.

Monitoring SystemThere are 100 measuring points and a smart internal power grid. The equipment room houses all of the heating, ventilation, electrical and measuring system installations in the house. The electric system is connected in the equipment room with a 60 A fuse and the inverter from the PV panels.

FORSKNINGSVILLANVARBERG HOUSE

Ventilation SystemExhaust air heat recovery: mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation with heat exchanger (supply and/or exhaust ventilation in all rooms). Ventilation rate of 0,35 l/s m2 �oor area.

FORSKNINGSVILLANVARBERG HOUSE

PV Panels12 panel solarcells with 265 W & inverter NIBE are used.

PV Panels14 modules IBC PolySol 260 W (23 m2) plus one inverter Sunny Boy SB 3600TL-21 are used, generating 3000 kWh/year.

Sanitary Hot WaterLow �ow faucets, A+ dish washer, etc reduce demand. PV panels and the heat pump provides heat.

LightingCFL and LED lighting are used.

Other EE Measures

Entry porch preventing cold draft

Garden that utilize storm water

Semi insulated conservatory

Energy e�cient appliances (A++)

Wooden framed construction (reduced “grey energy”)

Car port designed for integration of photovoltaic and charging station for electric vehicles

ITALY | LECCE | CAIAFFA40° 21' 28.531'' N; 18° 10' 26.01'' ETotal Primary Energy Consumption*: 41 kWh/m² year

CAIAFFA building is a multifunctional facility, integrating a commercial area, o�ces and the �rst underground parking at Lecce city. It is located in a Mediter-ranean climatic zone.

CAIAFFA has a total of 5214 m2 gross area, composed of four �oors over ground and three �oors underground; the lower �oors host the parking, with space for 661 cars in total; the �rst �oor underground and the ground �oor are dedicated to shops and commercial spaces.

*Real-time monitoring

Equipment LoadsLighting: 1.04 W/m2

Working Schedule of BuildingDuring Weekends: OFF

Thermal Max. Transmittance values Opaque surfaces: 0.36 W/m2KRoof: 0.36 W/m2KGround Floor: 0.39 W/m2KTransparent Surfaces: 1.1 W/m2K Average: 1.3 W/m2K

Shading ElementsInternal curtains are usedwhere necessary.

ParametersTemperature for Heating: 20°C ±Temperature for Cooling: 26°C ±Occupancy: 0.02 person/m2

Building Structure and EnvelopeSteel reinforced concrete.  The building envelope integrates advanced insulation constituted by double skin coating and high performance glazing “Climax 5+5/20gas/4+4” with accident prevention double layer (internal and external) and low-emission treatment.

Floor in Contact with GroundMortar layer: 1.5 cmHollow clay block / hollow tile block: 25 cmConcrete: 5 cmInsulating lightweight aggregate concrete: 12 cmSound insulation layer (felt): 0.8 cmLean concrete screed: 3 cmCeramic tile: 1 cm

Transparent SurfacesTransparent and opaque glasses have been used The glasses used in the commercial area are characterized by U-value = 1.1 W/m2 K

G-value = 0.46The glasses used in the o�ces are characterized byU-value = 1.1 W/m2 K G-value = 0.36

Opaque Surface Plasterboard panel: 2.5 cm

Space between walls: 1.5 cm Polyurethane layer: 6 cm

Tu� layer: 7 cm Concrete: 26 cm

Lecce stone layer: 17 cm

Roof Mortar layer: 1.5 cm Hollow clay block / hollow tile block: 25 cm Concrete: 5 cm Extruded polystirene foam blocks: 5 cm Insulating lightweight aggregate concrete: 15 cm Bitominous waterproof coating: 0.4 cm Tu� layer: 5 cm Lecce stone layer: 3 cm

Ventilation SystemCommercial area: 50 internal units connected to 4 external units have been installed in the suspended ceiling, with four-way distribution, and variable capacity refrigerant, according the VRF system characterized by nominal capacity equal to 3.6 kW in cooling mode, and to 4.0 kW in heating mode.

O�ces: 33 external units and 153 internal units have been installed, with variable capacity refrigerant, according the VRF system characterized by nominal capacity equal to 2.2 kW in cooling mode, and to 2.5 kW in heating mode.

Heating SystemHigh e�ciency heat pumps (COP 4 for heating and COP 3.5 for cooling) are mounted on the terrace. Each outdoor unit is connected to the internal units mounted in the suspended ceiling (commercial area) or on the wall (o�ce) by insulated copper refrigerant piping.

Monitoring SystemIncludes the installation of energy meters for electricity consumption, electricity counters, concentrators, and a management and control software. Climatic parameters and DHW production are also measured.

PV PanelsThe photovoltaic plant is composed by 334 photo-voltaic panels in polycrystalline silicon. In particular, 252 PV panels (Ben Q mod. Eco Duo 250 W) have a power of 250 Wp 82 PV panels (Conergy mod. EcoPro 245P) have a power of 245 Wp

Sanitary Hot WaterElectrical boiler (minimum consumption since the building is occupied by o�ces).

LightingMainly class A and LED light system are used.

The SCOLA (School of Languages) Building is a part of a master plan of the  Özyeğin University Campus, situated in Nişantepe in Istanbul (north-west Turkey). It is an academic building in a Mediterranean climatic zone.

SCOLA has a total of 17756 m2 gross area, 66 classrooms for 20 people, 4 lecture rooms for 56 people, 2 lecture rooms for 56

people, 3 seminar rooms, 25 study rooms, 54 o�ces and various service rooms.

*Real-time monitoring

TURKEY | İSTANBUL | SCOLA41° 1´ 23.6460" N; 29° 2´ 45.8196" ETotal Primary Energy Consumption*: 50 kWh/m² year

Building Structure and EnvelopeReinforced concrete frame

Various solar shading devices Average U value for the total envelope area:

1.6 W/m2 K

1.1.

Temperature for Heating: 22°C Temperature for Cooling: 24°C

Occupancy Classes: 0.4 person/m2

Lecture halls: 1 person/m2

Equipment LoadsComputer: 150 W/m2

Lighting in classes: 10 W/m2 Lighting in corridors: 8 W/m2

Working Schedule of Building During Weekends: ON

Shading ElementsSouth and partial East facade:

Perforated horizontal louvres

Partial West and East facades: Vertical perforated aluminum shades.

Internal curtains, where necessary.

Thermal Max. Transmittance Values Opaque surfaces: 0.3 W/m2KRoof: 0.25 W/m2K

Ground Floor: 0.57 W/m2KTransparent Surfaces: 1.6 W/m2K at north facade

Other facades: 1.3 W/m2K Average: 0.4 W/m2K

O�ces: 0.2 person/m2 Cafeteria: 0.5 person/m2

Parameters

Equipment loads (Watt/m²): Computer: 150;

Lighting in classes: 10; Lighting in corridors: 8

Working Schedule of Building during Weekends: OFF

Floor in Contact with Ground

Finishing 2 cm Levelling concrete 3 cm

Reinforced concrete 50 cm Drainage panel 2.5 cm

Levelling concrete 3 cm EPS 3 cm

Bitumen 0.6 cm Reinforced concrete 30 cm

Transparent SurfacesNorth facade: Comfort 4+16+4 glazing and aluminum framing withSc=0.9 (Shadowing factor)

South, West & East facades: Guardian SunGuard Super Neutral 5/28 4+16+4 glazing and aluminum framing with Sc=0.33 (Shadowing factor)

RoofPebble 5 cm

Drainage panel 2.5 cmReinforced concrete 5 cm

EPS 10 cm Bitumen 0.6 cm

Reinforced concrete 12 cm Opaque SurfacesGeneric exterior walls:

Plaster 1.2 cm BIMS bricks 15 cm

EPS 8 cm Cement mortar 1 cm

Paint VBVWalls penetrating the soil: Plaster 1 cm

Drainage panel 2.5 cm BIMS bricks 15 cm

EPS 3 cm Levelling concrete 1 cm

Reinforced concrete 30 cm

Ventilation SystemChilled water is produced by high COP (6.17) and NPLV (Non-Standard Part Load Value 7.25) Centrifugal Chillers in Campus Central Plant. Free-cool-ing HEX combined with Cooling Tower and automatic controls for generating free cooling energy whenever outside temperature below is 15 °C.

Monitoring SystemThe building has a “Multi-dimensional Energy Performance Monitoring, Visualization and Optimization Platform”. Sensors, meters and transmitters are installed to measure di�erent end-uses (lighting, heating, ventilation, PVs, etc.), allowing full control of HVAC and lighting systems. Building Energy Dashboards are displayed, enabling, engaging and energizing building occupants to save energy by provision of real time monitoring.

Heating SystemLow temperature heating water (LTHW) generated by natural gas �red boilers are installed in Campus Central Plant. High e�ciency type of boilers with oxygen trimming and carbon-monoxide control system are used.

Earth TubesUsed for partial cooling / heating of the facility ventilation air. Supply air is provided by natural ventilation in

the building. The system installa-tion area is 1.200 m2 and at 2 m

depth, with 72 m long horizontal 10 m wide pipes.

LightingDi�erent sizes of LED armatures with 40W power and T5 armatures. Installed capacity: 79 kW Yearly lighting power: 152.208 kWh. Consump-tion density of the lighting system: 6.1 kWh/m2 with total automation.

PV Panels504 Poly c-Si Yingli Solar YL250P-26 PV modules with 250Wp capacity have been used, corresponding to 126 kWpower.