could/ should ferritin alone be used for ......m sf vs lic trends show higher variance in sf ‐ lic...
TRANSCRIPT
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September 2012
COULD/ SHOULD FERRITIN
ALONE BE USED FOR MONITORING IRON OVERLOAD ?
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Institute of Life Sciences
Jerusalem, Israel
Ioav Cabantchik
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Cheap, noninvasive and widely available (since 72)
Provides a measure of body iron stores.
SF levels predict survival in thalassemia (Oliveri et al, 1994; Borgna‐Pignatti 2004).
Trends in SF
levels track changes in total body iron in response to chelation (Wood et al, 2011)
…or phlebotomy (Adams and Barton, 2011)
ASSAYS OF SERUM FERRITIN (SF) FOR MONITORING IRON OVERLOAD (IO)
………..but those are often deceiving (Wood 2011)
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It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble. It's what you know for sure that just ain't so
Mark Twain
Is what we know for sure that just ain't so ?
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SF serum ferritin ?
IOiron overload?
what is:
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modified from P. Arosio
Faster Fe oxidation
testis, brain
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FERRITIN MOLECULES ARE KNOWN ONLY FOR CELL FORMS
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LIMITED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE BASIC PROPERTIES OF SERUM FERRITIN
We know that : •SF is generally composed of L subunits. •the proportion of H increases in malignant states.•SF iron content is very low in Fe (<100 less than F) but rises
(commensurately ?) with LIC in systemic IO.
We know little about :•the cellular origin of SF in health and disease states,•the triggers and mechanisms of SF “secretion“
into plasma
•the potential cellular and/or systemic functions of SF.
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SF serum ferritin ?
IOiron overload?
what is:
but only labile iron is toxic!
“excessive”
accumulation of iron
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x
systemic regional
hyperferremiahyperhyperfferritinemiaerritinemiaplasmaplasma
liver “responds“
to NTBI
(LPI) loading by
synthesizing and secreting
“excess”
SFSF
accumulation:accumulation:
anemia of
inflammation
cancer
NAFLD Insulin
resistance
viral hepatitis
NO!SHOULD FERRITIN ALONE BE
USED FOR MONITORING IRON OVERLOAD ?
liver/RES “respond“
to
inflammatory and other
signals by secreting SF
normo/hypoferremia hyperhyperferritinemiaferritinemia
Maldistribution regional IO/syst ID
Fluid and multiple organ IO
regional
BUT NOT SF!!!
IO
LIC AND SIC
BUT NOT SF!!!
neuro‐
degeneration
iv iron
supplementation
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Systemic IO
hyperferremiahyperhyperfferritinemiaerritinemiaplasmaplasma
Liver responds to TBI and
NTPI by synthesizing SF
and secreting “excess”
via
classical and non‐classical
secretory pathways
SF
accumulation:accumulation: multiple organ IO
COULD/SHOULD FERRITIN ALONE BE USED FOR MONITORING SYSTEMIC IRON ACCUMULATION AND ITS REMOVAL ?
marker for•DIAGNOSIS •TREATMENT
hemochromatosis (primary and transfusional)
NTBI (or its labile component LPI) is
an indicator of impending organ IOFUTURE
SF is a surrogate marker of liver IO
but not of impending organ IOHISTORY
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Liver Iron loading evokes ferritin secretion
Liver iron concentration predicts total body iron stores
Trends !
wide response
range
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Courtesy of J. Wood
Different responses in rates of SF secretion vs LIC loading in various IODs
Taher, et al, Haematologica, 93(10):1584, 2008
TI (linear
TM (linear)
SF vs LIC
TM(RBC recycl &NTBI)
TI (NTBI)
TM
TM∆
SCD
T M
SF vs LIC
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Trends show higher variance in SF‐LIC relationship during chelation
wide response
range
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modified from Pootrakul P. et al. 2004 Blood 104 p. 1504
Mean SF , RBCm and NTBI (LPI) show similar but not parallel trends in beta‐thal/HbE patients (N=40) under DFP chelation
Trends are clear in population studies but variation of variation in SF are enormous
response timewide
response range
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Mean chan
ge in
serum fe
rritin levels (µ
g/L)
−1,200
−1,000
−800
−600
−400
−200
0
Mean LPI (µm
ol/L)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
baseline 3 6 9 12Months
List AF, et al. Blood. 2008;112.
LPI (NTBI) early indicator
SF(delayed indicator)
Mean SF and LPI (NTBI) show similar but not parallel trends in MDS Low‐/Int‐1‐risk
under DFR chelation
trough values (24h)
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(Wood 2011)
• Serum ferritin levels vary with transfusional rates, inflammation, and ascorbate status.
• Confidence intervals between ferritin values and true iron load are enormous.
•• Low ferritin values do not guarantee organ IO and/or Low ferritin values do not guarantee organ IO and/or safety from the presence of labile/toxic iron (e.g. endocrine safety from the presence of labile/toxic iron (e.g. endocrine
or cardiac iron).or cardiac iron).
• Cardiac T2* 2 ms
• LVEF 48%• HIC 18.8 mg/g
• SF 248 ng/ml
Thal E‐β
transfusion‐
dependent for 10 yrs,
DFO treated
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No relationship between organs and liver (or SF)
Iron unloading
Iron loading
TBI
Sequence of changes of iron status during loading and chelation
organs
DFP DFO
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How can liver and heart be different ?
Liver Iron
Time
Noetzli et al, Blood, 2009
Heart Iron
Liver Iron (or SF)
Trends in IO can markedly differ between heart and liver
x
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Trends in Ferritin Can Be Dramatically Different From Trends in Total Body Iron and Could Lead to Erroneous Decisions in Iron Chelation Management and Discourage Adherence in Chronically Transfused Patients
Mammen Puliyel, Adam Bush, Vasilios Berdoukas, Thomas Hofstra, Susan Claster,
Bhakti P. Mehta, Anne Nord, Susan Carson, Tatiana Hernandez, Ani
Dongelyan, John
C Wood and Thomas D. Coates
1Hematology Oncology and Cardiology Departments, Children's Hospital Los Angeles,
Los Angeles, CA
2011‐
ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition ( San Diego)
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Single patient example showing similar trends of ferritin
and LIC between 2003 and 2007 (A)
and divergent trends thereafter (B) .
SF and LIC trends in individual patients
Courtesy of John Wood and Tom Coates, From : M. Puliyel
et al ASH Ann Meeting 2011
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Evolution of acceptance of serum ferritin
as sole
reliable marker of iron overload in hh
and th?
the 2nd
20 years ?. ..
GOOD BUT NOT ALONE
GOOD
NOT BAD
NOT SO BAD
NOTHING BETTER
the 1st
20 years
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Kamyar
Kalantar‐Zadeh, Kourosh
Kalantar‐Zadeh, and Grace H. Lee K. Kalantar‐Zadeh
et al. Clin
J Am Soc Nephrol
1: S9–S18,
.2008
Serum Ferritin: Deceptively Simple or Simply Deceptive? Lessons Learned From Iron Therapy in Patients With CKD
.2010.
2012
2006The Fascinating but Deceptive Ferritin: To Measure It or
Not to Measure It in Chronic Kidney Disease?
Kovesdy, C.P. and K. Kalantar‐Zadeh, J. Pharm. Pract
21: 411‐419
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