counseling for career planning and decision making
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION OF COUNSELING AND GUIDANCE FROM GIBSON MICHELL BOOK
Chapt # 8:Counseling for Career planning and decision making
CAREERThe sum total of one’s work experience in a general occupational category such as teaching , accounting, medicine, or sales
OCCUPATIONA specific job or work activity
CAREER DEVELOPMENT
That aspect of one’s total development that emphasizes learning about, preparation for, entry into, and progression in the world of work
CAREER EDUCATION
The totality of experiences through which one learns about and prepares for engaging in work as part of livingA primary responsibility of the school with an emphasis on learning about, planning for, and preparing to enter a career
CAREER GUIDANCE
Activities that are carried out by counselors in a variety of settings for the purpose of stimulating and facilitating career development in persons over their working lifetimes
These activities include assistance in career planning, decision making, and adjustment
CAREER COACHING Helping individuals set goals, identify procedures
to achieve the goals, and evaluate progress toward goal achievement
“Coaching” also advise and encourage the client to “stay on track”
OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION Data concerning training and related to
educational programs , career, career patterns, and employment trends and opportunities
VOCATION A trade or occupation
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Education that is preparatory for a career in
a vocation or technical field
Theories of Career
Development
THEORY NO 1
THEORY NO 2
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
Career development is an aspect of a person’s total development
Development is a process that takes place over an individual’s life span
Theory focus on the developmental stages that are related to age
Early researchers anaylized the career dicision making in terms of three priods
1: Fantacy Choices ,2: Tantative Choices, 3: Realistic Choices.
1: DONALD.E.SUPER He presented a ‘’Lifespan developmental Theory’’ Thats based on 14 propositions.1. People differ in abilities...2. people are qualified...3. Occupational pattern...4. Vocational preferences...5. Series of life stages...6. Nature of career pattern...7. Coping the demands of
environment...
Continued........8:Career maturity...9:Development through life stages...10:Implementing occupational self
concepts...11:Compromise between individual and
social factors...12:Dependancy of person,s satisfactions...13:work satisfaction and self satisfaction…14:Focus on personality organizations...
2: HARVIGURST,S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK THEORY Havighurst divided the human life
span into six periods
he broke down development into important tasks that must b accomplished at each age level
3 : E.H.ERICKSON,S PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORYAs people grow they face a series of psychological crises that shape personality
Each crises focuses on a particulr aspect of personality and each involves the person,s relationhip with other people
THEORY NO 3PERSONALITY THEORIES
4: ANNE ROE'S CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORYIts based on Maslow,s Theory of Basic Needs.
Roe,s research into accupational catagories led her to develop 8 occupational groups,further subdivided into 6 classification levels:
Roe,s Classification Levels :1. Professional and
managerial(independant)2. Professional and managerial (less
indipendant)3. Semi-professioanl and small
buisness4. Skilled5. Semi-skilled6. unskilled
SLT stands for Social Learning Theory KRUMBOLZ and C. Nichol 1990
Banduras 1997 behavior theory to career decision making
1996 Mitchell and Krumboltz added ideas and refer SLT as learning theory of career LTCC
Suggest 4 categories of factor are influential in the career development and decision making
THEORY NO 5SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Genetic endowment and special abilities
Environmental condition and events
Learning experience
Task approach skill
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Describe by Hansen in 2005 presents a framework for integrative life planning (ILP)
This theory of integrated life planning is model which
1. Relates societal context to the individual to families to education and to work
2. Is a life long process of identifying primary needs, roles and goals and integrating them with in self work family and community
THEORY NO 6HOLISTIC THEORY FOR CAREER COUNSELING WITH ADULTS
3. Is interactive and relationship oriented and designed to help individuals achieves greater satisfaction meaning wholeness and a sense of community
4. Is a means to help shape the direction of once life in power other, manage change and contribute to the large society and common goods
HOLISTIC THEORY FOR CAREER COUNSELING WITH ADULTS
1. Finding work that need doing in changing global context
2. Waving our lives into a meaningful whole
3. Connecting family and work
SIX CRITICAL THEMES
4. Valuing pluralism and inclusivity
5. Managing personal transitions
6. Exploring spirituality and life purpose
CRITICAL THEMES
Sociological View of careers
Newspaper and television reports
Example of a person
THEORY NO 7SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
Is it possible to evaluate all decisive factor in the choice?
QUESTION
1980 Indian published press published a president Hellman B Well book entitled being luck
2003 publication Richard Wiseman identifies four principal of luck
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
1. Maximize your chance opportunity
2. Listen to your luck hunches
3. Expect good fortune
4. Turn your bad luck into good
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
Economic theory describe the importance of economic factor in career choice
1. Job according to qualification
2. Job security
3. Reward
THEORY NO 8ECONOMIC THEORY
IMPLICATION OF CAREER COUNSELING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN POTENTIAL
CAREER COUNSELING
Career Choice Theorie
s
Chances
Happens Interest
and abilities
Personality traits
Human development and maturity
Economic Factors
Individual Values
FACTORS INVOLVES IN CHOOSING CAREER
IMPLICATIONS OF CAREER THEORY FOR COUNSELORS Career development is a process leading to a
decision Counselors should understand:
Particular tasks at certain developmental stages
Interpret and assess individual interestBasic human needs and special needsRecognize the rapid change in the ways people work and live
Update the theories and research
CAN YOU GUESS??
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN POTENTIAL
CAREER COUNSELING OF HUMAN POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT (CCHD)CCHD focus on encouraging clients to
challenge the limitations of their present self concept in a manner of speaking, to redefine themselves and stimulate their vitality
Development occurs across the life span of the individual
Awareness of maturing process related to mastery of development task at each life stage
CCHD Individual aptitudes and interest should be
enhanced by strategies and experienced
Environment influences the development
Programs designed to inhibit negative factors that prevent full development
PHASES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Who plays significant role?
Postsecondary Educational institutions
Adult Educational Program
Career centers Private practitioners Employment Offices
Assessment
Planning
Placement
WOMEN Traditional Women’s Careers???? Today women’s careers????
Women in Pakistan = 48.63% (2014) World Bank
Women in Labor Work= 21.7% ( 2009) 2005 to 2008 approx. 75, 000 divorce cases 2008 to 2011 approx. 1, 24141 divorce cases
were registered in Pakistan 85 percent of love marriages end up in
separations
SINGLE PARENT LIFE
SELFISH TREND
WOMEN POTENTIAL SHOULD BE ENHANCED Prejudice in salaries and opportunities 60% of women headed families live in
poverty Career Counselors must help female clients
to identify alternatives of traditional jobs as well as create balance to be a mother and a worker
Recognize educational opportunity, job search skills and Positive self concept
MINORITIES IN PAKISTAN U.S. State Department's International
Religious Freedom Report 2002 estimated
Christians at 2.09 million Ahmadis at 286,000 Hindus at 1.03 million Parsis , Buddhists, and Sikhs at 20,000 each
OUR SOCIETY FUTURE WILL NOT BE HEALTHY IF TOMORROW’S MINORITY ADULTS ARE SERIOUSLY DISADVANTAGED AND NEGLECTED
MINORITIES Counselors should assist minorities in
achieving career equity and opportunities Do not be used Biased assessment
instruments Should be advocated for employment of
them based on personal qualification, not on ethnic culture background
POOR According to 27 March,
2014 Report Poverty in Pakistan – 40 %
people living below poverty line
52 % of total population in Baluchistan
33 % of Sindh KPK having 32 % 19 % of Punjab
POOR
COUNSELING OF POOR Homeless Assistance Act (1987) designed to
aid schools and reconnect child with school School in poverty areas must have good
counseling programs and adult education program
Encouraged to apply only for jobs for which they are qualified
Involvement of local business
PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES A person who has a physical and mental
impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities
According to Harrington (1997), students with disabilities frequently leave school without marketable skills or the ability to function independently
COUNSELING OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES Understanding of various disabilities and
their career implications Knowledgeable regarding appropriate
resources Sensitive, supportive and at the same time
Realistic Facilitate family support with efforts of other
people Encourage them handicap to employment
INADEQUATE CAREER COUNSELINGIN PAKISTAN In Pakistan, 60 % of the schools are public schools
and unfortunately none of them are even aware of the term ‘career counseling’
(M. Murtaza Noor, Director Community Support
Program Pakistan) 2013 710 schools (Islamabad) and 2,100 private
schools (Rawalpindi) do not offer career counseling
Malik Abrar, President All Private Schools and College Owners’ Association (APSCOA)
CAREER PLANNING AND DESIGNING IN SCHOOL
PERSON’S DEVELOPMENT STIMULATED BY GREAT EXPERIENCES OF HIS/HER LIFE
Learning Living with others working
ROLE OF COUNSELING PROGRAM IN SCHOOL SETTING
Facilitate and enhance the school contribution towards
Learning
Growth and development
Prepare youth for work
PRINCIPLES FOR CAREER DEVELOPMENT
To develop unbiased base
Career as a way of life and an education as a preparation for life
To develop understanding in social-personal development & career education planning
To develop understanding between education & career
CONTD:
Develop opportunities to test concepts , skills & values that have future career application
School career counseling and guidance program is centered in classroom
Prepare students to cope with dramatic changes in the world of work
To develop maturity necessary for making effective career decisions
THE SCHOOL COUNSELOR’S ROLE IN STUDENT CAREER DEVELOPMENT Career counseling
Career Assessment
Resource person and Consultant
Linkage Agent
CAREER COUNSELING Parental counseling Group counseling Group guidance
CAREER ASSESSMENT
Standardized Assessment Non standardized Assessment
RESOURCE PERSON AND CONSULTANT
Active in acquiring materials appropriate to career planning and decision
Counselor aware of computerized information program
Aware sources from which such materials obtained
Opportunities to complement career education program
LINKAGE AGENT Counselors active in collaborative
efforts(community agencies & employers) School-to-work Opportunities Act of 1994 Emphasis on helping the students make
transition from school to work like job shadowing, work-based learning
TECHNIQUES FOR PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING Self-Awareness Educational Awareness Career Awareness Career Exploration Planning and Decision making Placement and Follow-up Educational placement Environmental Placement Follow-up
Career Counselling In Non School Setting
CAREER COUNSELLING IN NON SCHOOL SETTING
The initial out of school career counselling is made through the assistance of the state employment services
CAREER GUIDANCE ACTIVITIES ARE BASED ON Review and discussion of applicant’s
qualification
Applicant’s interest in relation to available employment opportunities
General Aptitude Test Battery, may be used to further assist the client and counseller in career planning
GENERAL APTITUDE TEST BATTERY; known as the GATB It is a professional career aptitude test which
measures nine different aptitudes and can be used to help assess the likelihood that you will be successful in specific careers or training programs. For example
General learning abilitiesVerbal aptitudeNumerical aptitudeMotor coordination
COUNSELING GOALS
Herr and Cramer (1996), outlined following counseling goals for career counselors;
Provide support in building and maintaining positive attitudes toward one’s worth and dignity
Provide any and all geographic information
COUNSELING GOALS
Explore possible retaining and other avenues for improving employment opportunities
Assess the actual reasons for employment difficulties
Assist in developing job-seeking behaviors
ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGES AND EMPLOYERS (NACEWEB, 2006), EMPLOYERS SEEK FOLLOWING TOP 10 PERSONAL QUALITIES/SKILLS
Communication skills Honesty/integrity Teamwork skills Strong work ethics Analytical skills Flexibility Interpersonal skills Motivation Computer skills Detail oriented
COMPUTERIZED CAREER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM
Computers are used widely in counseling programs in educational setting for providing career information and assistance
Information System Guidance System