Counter ReformationCounter Reformation

Called by Pope Paul III Called by Pope Paul III (1534-1549)(1534-1549)

1545-15731545-1573 Three-fold purposeThree-fold purpose Stop the spread of Stop the spread of

ProtestantismProtestantism Stop the abuses within Stop the abuses within

the RCCthe RCC Reaffirm Church Reaffirm Church

DoctrineDoctrine

Index of Prohibited BooksIndex of Prohibited Books Inquisition – 13Inquisition – 13thth century century

established to uncover established to uncover hereticsheretics Heresy – tortured to secure Heresy – tortured to secure

confessionsconfessions Unrepentant – handed over to Unrepentant – handed over to

civil authorities = deathcivil authorities = death

JesuitsJesuits Ignatius of LoyolaIgnatius of Loyola 1548 –1548 – Spiritual ExercisesSpiritual Exercises Spiritual leader who Spiritual leader who

fought Protestantism – fought Protestantism – preserved Catholicism in preserved Catholicism in Germany, Poland, and Germany, Poland, and BelgiumBelgium

New converts – India, New converts – India, China, Japan, and North China, Japan, and North AmericaAmerica

Stopped the sale of indulgences, Stopped the sale of indulgences, pluralism, clerical absenteeism, pluralism, clerical absenteeism, concubines of womenconcubines of women

Established seminary for Established seminary for education and training of priestseducation and training of priests

Veneration of Saints and the Cult Veneration of Saints and the Cult of Virgin Mary continuedof Virgin Mary continued

Individual interpretation of Individual interpretation of scripture deniedscripture denied

Strong leadership from a Strong leadership from a succession of Popes continued succession of Popes continued reformreform

Religious unity destroyedReligious unity destroyed Religious WarsReligious Wars State gained power at the State gained power at the

expense of the Churchexpense of the Church Encouraged education Encouraged education