counter-terrorism, security and enabling …...financial action task force structure: • taskforce,...
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Counter-Terrorism, Security and Enabling Environmentfor Civil Society
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Important developments
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2001Pre2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 200
62009 201
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Contactgroup?
Confe-rence?
?
Restrictions/controlsonfinancial transactionsUSA
UNEU
Terrorlist
Security
UN resolution1373
Developmentand Peace Building
Anti terrorclauses
ProvidingAppropriateToolsRequired toInterceptandObstructTerrorism
2003
ODA as % of general budget support
Extra opportunities for regimes to limit criticalNGO’s
Frame- workCode ofconduct
2005
CivilSocietyWatch
Time
MaterialSupportAct
ArabSpring
LegalRisk
GlobalCT strategy
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Laden…
Important UN resolutions
UNSC resolution 1373: • Prevent and surpress financing of terrorism• Criminalize collections and provision of funds for terrorism• Freeze assets• Refrain from support to terrorist acts• Deny safe havens• Increase coordination and cooperation between states
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Important UN resolutions
UNSC resolution 1267 / 1989(The Taliban)– Al Qaida sanction regime • Sanction measures applied to designated individuals and
entities associated with Al Qiada• Freezing of assets• Travel ban• Prevent direct and indirect supply and support
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Laden…
Important UN resolutions
UNSC resolution 1624 - Prohibit incitement to terrorist action- Deny safe haven to persons suspect of involvement in terrorist
acts- Measures in accordance with international law
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Important UN resolutionsUNSC resolution 2178: Foreign Fighters Resolution - Preventing the recruiting, organizing, transporting, or
equipping of individuals who travel to a State, other than theirState of residence, for the purpuse of perpetrating, planning of,or particpating in terrorist acts.
- Condemming violent extremism- Preventing movement of terrorists- Exchange operational information (financial/travel)- Financial restrictions
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Important UN resolutionsUNGA 60/288 2008: Global Counter terrorism Strategy Comprehensive and integrated approach (on paper) 4 pillars:
• Measures to address conditions conducive to the spread of terrorism• Measures to prevent and combat terrorism• Measures to build state capacity to prevent and combat terrorism• Measures to ensure respect for HR and the rule of law
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UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy
This strategy invites CS to take a role and responsibilityin countering terrorism
Mayor obstacles at the start:
• Whose agenda?• CS is not instrumental• State terrorism is not included• Root causes are not addressed (injustice,
development and conflict transformation)
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International level
Local level
Service & contentdriven
Value or ideologydriven
Research &knowledge centers
INGOsHumanitarian &
Development
Social CareProviders at
community level
Global Movements
Peace Buildingorganizations
Grassrootmovements
CommunityPolicing Groups
CBO’s & interestgroups
Religious
networks
CONTRACTING
DIALOGUE &
NEGOTATION
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CounterTerrorism
CVE 1.0cve specific
PVE/CVE 2.0cve relevant
Incoherences
• Hard security/ military kineticaction
• Direct impact; short term• Isolation
CVE 1.0• Soft approach• Community Engagement• Whole of Government approach
• Human security approach• Long term• Community engagement
with whole-of-societyapproach
• Inclusion and prevention
From CT to CVE
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Laden…
Dilemma’s for engagement• Dilemma of proximity: the closer CSO are to the
conflict/terrorist impacted areas, the more effective they canbe, but also sever legal restrictions
• Dilemma of a-symmetric power relations vs partnership:equality and transparancy
• Dilemma of funding: instrumentalization and perceiveddependency
• Dilemma of the protection of activist and critical voices: toomuch protection harms credibility and position
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Financial Action Task Force
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Financial Action Task Force
• established in 1989 as an initiative of the G7• purpose to combat money laundering,• after 9/11 countering terrorism financing was added.• over 180 jurisdictions have joint the regime for compliance.• UN, WB and IMF are observer organizations of the FATF.
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Financial Action Task Force
Tasks:• It sets international standards to combat ML/TF• For this purpose 40 recommendations are developed; goals to
increase transparency of financial systems in countries and toincrease effectiveness;
• Assesses and monitors compliance with the standard• Develops guidance for effective implementation of the
standard(typologies, best practices)
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Financial Action Task Force
Structure:
• Taskforce, not based on an international treaty or convention• Secretariat in Paris• Bi-annual plenaries are the highest governance body• There are 8 FATF Style Regional Bodies (FSRBs, e.g. Eurasia
Group, GIABA/West Africa, and Asia Pacific Group. TheFSRBs are autonomous
• Consultations with the private sector are institutionalized, withnonprofits not yet, but soon will be
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Financial Action Task Force
Compliance, to be compliant a country must:
• Investigate and prosecute ML/TF successfully• Ensure financial institutions and other sectors to implement
effective measures to detect and prevent ML/TF based on arisk assessment
• Enhance transparency of legal persons; prevent legal personsfrom being abused by ML/TF; have timely and accurateinformation
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Financial Action Task Force
• All countries are evaluated on compliance with the standards.
• In the previous evaluation round (2007-2013) 42% were foundNon-Compliant, 43% Partially compliant and 3% fullycompliant.
• For each country recommendations for improvement and
monitored on a regular base. • These recommendations are demanding and leading to
increased regulations for the financial sector and sectordirectly related, like the financial services/businesses, thelawyers, the notaries, the non profits.
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Financial Action Task Force
Recommendation 8: • Terrorists can abuse charities to finance terrorist acts and
support networks. Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) areparticularly vulnerable and states should ensure that NPOscannot be abused.
• A Global and European NPO on FATF coalition engage theFATF, the EU and member states for regular and timelyconsultations on R8 and other recommendations that impactcivil society:
o Prevent misunderstanding and abuse of R8 as a tool to shrink back spaceo Input to Best Practices Papero Input to revision of Interpretive Note of R8 and the recommendation itselfo Input to help understand the negative consequences of derisking by banks and
transparency requirements to prevent money launderingo Input to help understand the connection between R8 and R6 in shrinking back space
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See: www.fatfplatform.org