country analysis on ausralia

8/13/2019 Country Analysis on AUSRALIA

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Presented by:

VIKRANT CHAUHAN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Australia_(orthographic_projection).svg


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AUSTRALIA

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in

the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian

continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller

islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area

It is the world's 13th-largest economy and has the world's fifth-highest

per capita income.

Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a federal division of powers.

It uses a parliamentary system of government with Queen Elizabeth II atits apex as the Queen of Australia.


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Geography of Australia

It encompasses a wide variety of biogeographic regions being the world'ssmallest continent but the sixth-largest country in the world.

The geography of the country is extremely diverse, ranging from

the snow capped mountains of the Australian Alps and Tasmania to

large deserts, tropical and temperate forests.

Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua NewGuinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and the French

dependency of New Caledonia to the east, and New Zealand to the

southeast.


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Largest populated areas in Australia(June 2010 Australian Bureau of Statistics estimate)

RankCity

NameState Pop. Rank

City

Nam

e

State Pop.

1 Sydney NSW 4,575,532 11Greater Hob

artTAS 214,705

2 Melbourne VIC 4,077,036 12 Geelong VIC 178,650

3 Brisbane QLD 2,043,185 13 Townsville QLD 172,316

4 Perth WA 1,696,065 14 Cairns QLD 150,920

5 Adelaide SA 1,203,186 15 Toowoomba QLD 131,258

6 Gold Coast-Tweed

QLD / NSW 591,473 16 Darwin NT 127,532

7 Newcastle NSW 546,788 17 Launceston TAS 106,153

8Canberra-

QueanbeyanACT / NSW 410,419 18

Albury-

WodongaNSW / VIC 106,052

9 Wollongong NSW 292,190 19 Ballarat VIC 96,097

10 Sunshine Coast QLD 251,081 20 Bendigo VIC 91,713
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Melbourne_docklands_twilight.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sydney_opera_house_and_skyline.jpg


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Australia consists of six states, two major mainlandterritories, and other minor territories. The states are New

South Wales, Queensland, SouthAustralia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. The twomajor mainland territories are the Northern Territory andthe Australian Capital Territory.

By far the largest part of Australia is arid or semi-arid. A totalof 18% of Australia's mainland is desert. Only the south-east

and south-west corners have a temperate climate andmoderately fertile soil. The northern part of the country has atropical climate: part is tropical rainforests, part grasslands,and part desert.

Rainfall is highly variable, with frequent droughts lastingseveral seasons thought to be caused in part by the El Nio-

Southern Oscillation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aus_Flag.jpg


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Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a federal division ofpowers. It uses a parliamentary system of government with QueenElizabeth II at its apex as the Queen of Australia, a role that is distinctfrom her position as monarch of the other Commonwealth realms.The most notable exercise of the Governor-General's reservepowers outside a Prime Minister's request was the dismissal of the

Whitlam Government in the constitutional crisis of 1975.The federal government is separated into three branches:

The legislature: the bicameral Parliament, defined in section 1 ofthe constitution as comprising the Queen, the Senate, andthe House of Representatives;

The executive: the Federal Executive Council, in practice the

Governor-General as advised by the Prime Minister and Ministersof State;

The judiciary: the High Court of Australia and other federal courts,whose judges are appointed by the Governor-General on advice ofthe Council.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aus_Flag.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Australia_discoveries_by_Europeans_before_1813_en.png


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Over recent decades, Australia's foreign relations havebeen driven by a close association with the UnitedStates through the ANZUS pact, and by a desire to developrelationships with Asia and the Pacific, particularlythrough ASEAN and the Pacific Islands Forum. In 2005Australia secured an inaugural seat at the East AsiaSummit following its accession to the Treaty of Amity andCooperation in Southeast Asia, and in 2011 attendedthe Sixth East Asia Summit in Indonesia. Australia is a

member of the Commonwealth of Nations, in whichthe Commonwealth Heads of Government meetingsprovide the main forum for co-operation.


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Australias economy is a developed, modern market economy with a GDPequivalent to $1 trillion USD, which is very nearly the same amount in Australian

Dollars according to the current exchange rate.

Australia normally ranks within the top 20 of the countries with the largest

national economy by nominal GDP, so this nation represents about 1.7% of the

world economy.

Australia is also very highly ranked in terms of being a large importer, a large

exporter and a country within which it is relatively easy to do business. While

there has always been a slightly comical rivalry between Australia and New

Zealand akin to that between Britain and France, the ties are extremely close

geographically and psychologically. It is therefore little wonder that Australia and

New Zealand have also decided to integrate their economies with one another to

form an Australasian Single Economic Market by 2015.

Australian Economy


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A key to Australias economic successes stems from the countrys emphasis on

exporting commodities during the rise in commodities prices since 2000.

Australian economy is dominated by its service sector, which represents around 68%

of the Australian GDP.

Australia is rich in natural resources, it is a major exporter of agricultural products,

especially wheat and wool, minerals such as iron-ore and gold as well as energy inthe forms of liquefied natural gas and coal. The largest export markets of Australia

are Japan, China, South Korea, India and the United States.

Australia does have a large account deficit, which it has had for the past fifty years

and appears to continue going up.


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Australia has strong export commodities, it lacks a successful export-oriented manufacturing industry

Additionally, there are high levels of net foreign debt owed by the private

sector, but all of these negatives turned around would be improvements to

the country rather than some horrifying mess such as what the United

States is having to tackle.

The fact remains that Australia has one of the lowest levels of government

debt as a proportion of GDP among developed countries.

Australias taxation system alsoassists in generating revenue for the

economy, and it is levied at federal, state and local government levels.


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International agencies, treaties, and agreements

One of the drafters of the UN Charter, Australia has given firm support to the United Nations andits specialized agencies. It was a member of the Security Council in 198687, a member of the

Economic and Social Council in 198689, and a member of the UN Human Rights Commission in

199496. Australia takes a prominent part in many other UN activities, including peacekeeping,

disarmament negotiations, and narcotics control.

Australia also is active in meetings of the Commonwealth Heads of Government and the South

Pacific Forum, and has been a leader in the Cairns Group countries pressing for agriculturaltrade reform in the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

negotiations and in the APEC forum. In September 1999, acting under a UN Security Council

mandate, Australia led an international coalition to restore order in East Timor upon Indonesia's

withdrawal from that territory.

Security treaties

Australia is party to the Australia, New Zealand, United States security treaty.It has also been a party of the Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom force .


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TradeOverall Australia's largest trading partners are the United States, Japan, China, and

the United Kingdom. Australia currently has bilateral Free Trade Agreements withNew Zealand, the United States, Thailand and Singapore as of 2007. As well as this,

Australia is in the process undertaking studies on Free Trade Agreements with

ASEAN, China, Chile, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea and Malaysia.

Australia-Chile Free Trade Agreement

Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement

Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement


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ECONOMY OVERVIEW 2012

REGION OECD High income

INCOME CATEGORY High incomePOPULATION 22,327,200

GNI PER CAPITA (US$) 43,740.00

DOING BUSINESS 2012 RANK 15

DOING BUSINESS 2011 RANK 11

CHANGE IN RANK -4


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TOPIC RANKINGS DB 2012 Rank DB 2011 Rank Change in Rank

Starting a Business 2 2 No change

Dealing with Construction

Permits42 43 1

Getting Electricity 37 36 -1

Registering Property 38 35 -3

Getting Credit 8 8 No change

Protecting Investors 65 60 -5

Paying Taxes 53 49 -4

Trading Across Borders 30 29 -1

Enforcing Contracts 17 16 -1

Resolving Insolvency 17 12 -5


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A sophisticated hub for the Asia-PacificAustralia has a sophisticated financial services sector and is ideally positioned as a

center for the Asia-Pacific region.

Finance and insurance is the fourth largest sector in Australias economy, generating

8.1 per cent or A$81 billion of real gross value added in 2007-08. This contribution isup from 6.5 per cent two decades ago and its expansion has also aided growth in

related sectors such as communications, property and business services.

Highly developed financial markets make Australia one of the major centers of

capital markets activity in Asia and Australias large and mature financial services

sector has assets of more than A$4.3 trillion, which is equivalent to almost four times

GDP.Underpinning much of Australias financial services strength is the growth of its

investment funds sector. Australia has one of the largest pools of contestable funds

under management globally, valued at about A$1.3 trillion (US$850 billion).

Finance

Investors in Australia can also look to Australias financial services industry forinvestment financing. In October 2008, the World Economic Forum assessed Australia

as having the third best regulation of securities exchanges and the fourth soundest

banking system in the world (Source: World Economic Forum, The Global

Competitiveness Report 2008-09).Financial sector regulation is recognized as world

best practice, and provides a transparent and secure base for expansion within the

region.


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Investments

Australia offers global financial services institutions opportunities in a rapidly

expanding domestic market and an ideal location for servicing markets in the Asian

time zone.

The Australian Government is committed to building upon Australias strong

regulatory environment and financial sector expertise, and firmly establishing

Australia as a financial Centre in the region. The government is taking a number of

initiatives to support this objective.

The government has passed legislation which will progressively reduce the

withholding tax rate on specified distributions from managed funds from 30 per centto 7.5 per cent by 2010-2011, making it one of the most competitive in the world.


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Major role players

Australia is much changed by immigration, particularly from Asia, and economic reform.

The result has been a decade and a half of uninterrupted economic growth with low

inflation and low unemployment, and a restructuring of the economy with a relative lack

of social disruption by the standards of industrialized economies.

Australia still benefits from the wealth on and under its land and seas. Natural resourcesand energy companies remain well represented on Australia's list of 40 biggest

companies. BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto, two mining giants, occupy second and fourth

places in the list.

The top ten is rounded out by banks, financial services firms, a telecoms group and food

retailers. The full 40 spans multinationals in a range of industries, from Fosters,

synonymous with beer but whose wine business is now its larger part, to QantasAirways to Macquarie Bank, which has developed an investment banking niche in large-

scale infrastructure and is the world's largest operator of private toll roads.


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