AR

COUNTRYPROFILE ARGENTINA

CONTENTSAR 1AU 9AT 19BE 29BR 39BG 49CA 59CL 69CN 79CO 89HR 99CY 109CZ 119DK 129EE 139FI 149FR 159DE 169GR 179HK 189HU 199IS 209IN 219ID 229IE 239IL 249IT 259JP 269JO 279KZ 289KR 299LV 309LT 319LU 329MY 339MX 349MN 359NL 369NZ 379NO 389PE 399PH 409PL 419PT 429QA 439RO 449RU 459SA 469SG 479SK 489SI 499ZA 509ES 519SE 529CH 539TW 549TH 559TR 569AE 579UA 589GB 599US 609VE 619

IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, Talent & Digital 2020: summaries

WORLD COMPETITIVENESSRANKING 2020

All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.

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BASIC FACTSCapital

Land area (square km '000) 2,7802019

Exchange Rate (per $) 48.1482019

Population - market size (millions) 44.942019 20

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 449.72019 26

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 20,2842019 51

Real GDP growth (%) -2.22019 62

Consumer price inflation (%) 53.552019 62

Unemployment rate (%) 8.902019 54

Labor force (millions) 20.432019 20

Current account balance (% of GDP) -0.772019 41

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 72.82018 48

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 1.432019 44

PEER GROUPS RANKINGSTHE AMERICAS (9 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)

COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL

ARGENTINAOVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Rank

Buenos Aires

CHALLENGES IN 2020Respond adequately to Covid-19 challenge, keeping a balance with

the need to restore economic activity and employment.

Research Program on Economic Development and Institutions,

Faculty of Economic Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

5558 56

61 62

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

62

46

56 53 5562

49

63 62

50

60

41

6255

62

5158

5147 46

Dom

estic

Eco

nom

y

Inte

rnat

iona

l Tra

de

Inte

rnat

iona

l Inv

estm

ent

Empl

oym

ent

Pric

es

Publ

ic F

inan

ce

Tax

Polic

y

Inst

itutio

nal F

ram

ewor

k

Busi

ness

Leg

isla

tion

Soci

etal

Fra

mew

ork

Prod

uctiv

ity &

Effi

cien

cy

Labo

r M

arke

t

Fina

nce

Man

agem

ent

Prac

tices

Att

itude

s an

d V

alue

s

Basi

c In

fras

truc

ture

Tech

nolo

gica

l Inf

rast

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ure

Scie

ntifi

c In

fras

truc

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Hea

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nd E

nvir

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Educ

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n

Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure

7 7 68 8

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

25 26 2528 28

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

• Respond adequately to Covid-19 challenge, keeping a balance with the need to restore economic activity and employment.

• Assist the most vulnerable groups and sectors to endure the economic downturn.

• Return to credit markets and reopen sources for public funding through a workable debt restructuration negotiation.

• Keep anticyclical expansion of monetary aggregates and fiscal deficit consistent with the containment of inflationary pressures.

• Resist protectionist pressures and implement a sensible competitive agenda.

Provided by:Research Program on Economic Development and Institutions, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina

IMPROVEMENTSWCY 2019

WCY 2020 DECLINES

WCY 2019

1.4.04 Employment - long-term growth -1.04 2.38 1.1.18 Gross fixed capital formation - real growth -5.82

3.2.14 Labor force long-term growth 0.36 1.08 2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 0.939

4.4.23 Environment-related technologies 0.02 0.04 2.3.11 Transparency 4.60

1.2.02 Current account balance -5.40 -0.77 1.5.01 Consumer price inflation 34.28

1.2.13 Exports of commercial services (%) 2.17 3.08 2.4.12 New business density 0.4

1.2.25 Tourism receipts 0.79 1.07 2.4.05 Capital markets 3.73

1.5.04 Office rent 660 456 2.3.12 Bureaucracy 2.40

1.4.08 Long-term unemployment 3.00 2.10 2.4.02 Protectionism 4.47

2.1.02 Government budget surplus/deficit (%) -5.15 -3.96 4.3.18 Number of patents in force 6.8

1.2.09 Exports of goods (%) 11.88 14.48 2.3.13 Bribery and corruption 2.27

4.1.15 Energy infrastructure 3.97 4.78 2.4.03 Public sector contracts 5.43

4.5.06 Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education) 21.54 17.91 3.5.02 Image abroad or branding 3.00

4.5.10 Student mobility inbound 1.74 2.02 2.4.06 Investment incentives 2.90

4.4.26 Pollution problems 4.93 5.70 4.2.16 High-tech exports (%) 8.95

4.4.12 Energy intensity 111 95 2.4.08 Subsidies 2.30

COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION & ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS

ARGENTINACOMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION

-15.77

0.2

1.82

1.22

2.35

3.6

1.22

5.33

The criteria below highlight the 15 biggest Improvements and the 15 biggest Declines in the overall performance of the economy. They are

determined by the largest percentage changes in the value of each criterion from one yearbook to the next.

WCY 2020

1.39

KEY ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORSFrom a list of 15 indicators, respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select 5 that they perceived as the key

attractiveness factors of their economy. The chart shows the percentage of responses per indicator from the highest number of responses

to the lowest.

1.897

1.65

53.55

3.13

1.74

1.70

0.0%0.0%2.2%6.7%6.7%8.9%20.0%20.0%20.0%24.4%35.6%37.8%40.0%80.0%91.1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Competitive tax regimeAccess to financing

Competency of governmentPolicy stability & predictabilityBusiness-friendly environment

Effective legal environmentQuality of corporate governance

Strong R&D cultureReliable infrastructure

Dynamism of the economyEffective labor relations

Open and positive attitudesCost competitivenessHigh educational level

Skilled workforce

WORLD COMPETITIVENESSDIGITAL RANKING 2020

All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.

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Alpha AlphaLabelBeta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2

6.5 4 4 2 28.5 4 4 2 211 4 4 2 2

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

55 57 55 59 59

53 56 58 58 50

56 58 54 56 62

46 49 45 56 47

OVERALL

Future readiness

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS

THE AMERICAS (9 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)

COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS

Technology

DIGITAL TRENDS - OVERALL

ARGENTINA

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)

OVERALL & FACTORS - 5 years

Knowledge

5557

55

59 59

55

5856

6162

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Digital

Competitiveness

6 6 57 7

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

23 2422

26 26

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

50 56 43 55

62 57 62 5659

47 49 39 52

Knowledge Talent Training & education Scientific concentration

Technology Regulatory framework Capital Technological framework

Future readiness Adaptive attitudes Business agility IT integrationThe direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined

Overall Factors Sub-Factors

N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country’s performance in the two rankings.

u Overall top strengths

w Overall top weaknesses

Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202050 54 47 51 56

57 61 63 62 43

40 42 41 50 55

Talent Rank Rank Rank

Educational assessment PISA - Math 56 53 48 International experience 30 u 15 42 Foreign highly-skilled personnel 60 37 u 2 Management of cities 51 24 23 Digital/Technological skills 49 59 56 Net flow of international students 17 29 w 62 35

Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202046 46 48 49 57

59 59 48 51 62

54 56 53 57 56

Regulatory framework Rank Rank Rank

Starting a business 61 30 60 Enforcing contracts 49 w 62 53u Immigration laws 5 w 62 54 Development & application of tech. 58 w 62 53 Scientific research legislation 56 w 62 55 Intellectual property rights 60 u 12 53

Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202049 49 49 57 49

42 36 37 48 39

51 54 52 52 52

Adaptive attitudes Rank Rank Rank

E-Participation 28 36 29 Internet retailing 44 38 47 Tablet possession 39 46 53 Smartphone possession 44 49 58 Attitudes toward globalization 60 55 u 13

Training & education Scientific concentration

Talent

Robots in Education and R&D

IT integration

Business agility IT integration

Opportunities and threats E-GovernmentWorld robots distribution Public-private partnerships

IT & media stock market capitalization Communications technology

Scientific concentration

Capital Technological framework

Regulatory framework

Capital

TECHNOLOGY

Technological framework

KNOWLEDGE

FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

ARGENTINA

FUTURE READINESS

Entrepreneurial fear of failure

Agility of companies Cyber securityUse of big data and analytics Software piracyKnowledge transfer

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

Venture capital Internet bandwidth speedInvestment in Telecommunications High-tech exports (%)

Funding for technological development Mobile Broadband subscribersBanking and financial services Wireless broadbandCountry credit rating Internet users

Training & education

Employee training Total expenditure on R&D (%)Total public expenditure on education Total R&D personnel per capitaHigher education achievement Female researchersPupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) R&D productivity by publicationGraduates in Sciences Scientific and technical employmentWomen with degrees High-tech patent grants

WORLD TALENTRANKING 2020

All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.

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Alpha AlphaLabel Beta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2

Value

u 5.5 % 16 2,472 US$ 44u 13.25 ratio 22 17.91 ratio 53 4.49 Survey [0..10] 49 5.07 Survey [0..10] 53 42.00 % 51 4.58 Survey [0..10] 47

Value

78.80 index 30 6.31 Survey [0..10] 44w 4.76 Survey [0..10] 56 4.04 Survey [0..10] 47 4.91 Survey [0..10] 49w 2.74 Survey [0..10] 60 12,539 US$ 45w 63,282 US$ 56u 12.45 % 19w 2.26 Survey [0..10] 60u 14.23 micrograms 27

Value

0.90 % 30 5.70 Survey [0..10] 37u 6.98 Survey [0..10] 20 5.82 Survey [0..10] 30 5.55 Survey [0..10] 40 4.17 Survey [0..10] 53w 16.14 % 59 5.96 Survey [0..10] 39 6.30 Survey [0..10] 40 5.87 Survey [0..10] 41 2.02 number 37 395 Average 55

Skilled labor is readily available

Female labor force Percentage of total labor force

Cost-of-living index Index of a basket of goods & services in the main city, including housing (New York City = 100)

Labor force growth Percentage change

Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff

Apprenticeships are sufficiently implemented

Employee training is a high priority in companies

Investment & Development 2020 Rank

Health infrastructure meets the needs of society

Appeal 2020 Rank

Exposure to particle pollution

Total public expenditure on education Percentage of GDP

Total public exp. on education per student Spending per enrolled pupil/student, all levels

Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff

Management education meets the needs of the business community

Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises

Student mobility inbound Foreign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants

Primary and secondary education meets the needs of a competitive economy

Graduates in Sciences % of graduates in ICT, Engineering, Math & Natural Sciences

University education meets the needs of a competitive economy

Finance skills are readily available

International experience of senior managers is generally significant

Competent senior managers are readily available

Justice is fairly administered

Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$

Remuneration of management Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$

Effective personal income tax rate Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita

Mean population exposure to PM2.5, Micrograms per cubic metre

Attracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies

Worker motivation in companies is high

Brain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy

Quality of life is high

Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country's business environment

Remuneration in services professions

Readiness 2020 Rank

Educational assessment - PISA PISA survey of 15-year olds

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)

IMD World Talent Ranking 2020

ARGENTINA

52

50

47

48

47

51

55

53

43 43

52

53

48

50

52

43

46

44

52

51

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Overall

Investment &Development

Appeal

Readiness

43

5247

51

Investment & Development

Appeal

Readiness

The direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined

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IMD WORLDTALENTRANKING 2020

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WOR

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2020

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