Country Official Type of

Government

Citizen Participation

Distribution Of

Power

BRAZIL

MEXICO

CUBA

FederalRepublic

Democratic(18-70 yrs Mandatory Voting)

Federal(26 States & 1 Federal District)

FederalRepublic

Democratic(must be 18-not mandatory) Federal

(31 States & 1 Federal District)

CommunistState

(Elected? Dictatorship)

One-Party(Cuban Communist Party)

Democracy(must be 16 –not mandatory)

UNITARY

Citizen ParticipationAutocracy-citizens have limited or no control,

power in the hands of one personOligarchy-citizens have limited control, power in

the hands of a small groupDemocracy-citizens in control by voting, power in

the hands of the voters

Distribution of PowerUnitary-National government in control

Confederation-Local governments in controlFederal-power divided by local and national

governments

Aztec Civilization

The capital city of the Aztecs was called “Tenochtitlan.”

This city was located on an island in the center of a

swampy lake.

Aztec CivilizationBecause the capital city was located

on an island surrounded by swamp they had to get creative

with their agricultural techniques.

They developed what were called “chinampas.”

These were essentially floating gardens they built in the swamp to provide them with what they

needed.

Aztec Civilization

The Aztec Civilization ended in 1519, when Hernan Cortes (Spanish

Conquistador) captured the Aztec ruler Montezuma II.

This officially marked the endof the Aztec empire & civilization.

In 1521, the Aztec empire was re-named

“New Spain”

Inca Civilization

In the early 1400’s a group of people calling themselves the “Incas” gained control over significant territory in modern-day Peru.

Eventually, the Incas would come to rule over a vast Andean empire

including parts of Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile and

Argentina.

Inca Civilization

The last “Sapa Inca” (king/ruler)

“Atahualpa” was defeated by the Spanish

Francisco Pizarro.

The Inca Empire was thereafter a part of

“New Spain”

Mayan CivilizationSmall Mayan communities can be

traced back to 1600 BC.

Between 250 AD – 900 AD, the Mayan civilization grew to be one

of the most widespread civilizations in Latin America.

By 900 AD, the Mayan civilization had spread to what is now

southern Mexico & northern Central America.

Mayan CivilizationAround 900 AD/CE the Mayan civilization started to dissolve. No

one is really sure why this happened. People moved out of the great temple cities and spread out.

The Mayan people did not disappear, they just left.

Still today, many people in the region of the Mayan civilization speak

languages based on traditional Mayan

language.

How do citizens participate in different forms of Government?

AUTOCRATIC:

DEMOCRATIC:

OLIGARCHIC:

Single RulerLittle/No Citizen Participation

Small Group of RulersLittle/No Citizen Participation

Leaders Elected by the People Through VotingHigh Citizen Participation

Central Authority

UnitaryWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

How is power distributed (shared) between “central governments” (like ours in Washington D.C.)

& “regional governments” (like states, such as Georgia)?

UNITARY:-Power is not shared. -The Central Govt. has ALL THE POWER.-Regional Govt.’s (States/Provinces) have little/no power.

Central Authority

ConfederationWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

How is power distributed (shared) between “central governments” (like ours in Washington D.C.)

& “regional governments” (like states, such as Georgia)?

CONFEDERATION:-Power is not shared. -The Regional Govt.’s (States/Provinces) have ALL THE POWER.-The Central Govt. is powerless to enforce law.

Federation / FederalWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Central Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

How is power distributed (shared) between “central governments” (like ours in Washington D.C.)

& “regional governments” (like states, such as Georgia)?

Federation:-Power is shared. -The Central Govt. has the MOST POWER.-Regional Govt.’s (States/Provinces) have SOME POWER to make laws on their own.

Environmental Issue

Where Cause(s) Negative Effects

What’s being done to deal

w/ the problem?

Urban (City)

Air Pollutio

n

Mexico City,Mexico

Emissions from Factories & Cars

Very High Population

Density(19 Million)

*Geography doesn’t help→

Mexico City is surrounded by

mountains, which trap smog in the city by blocking winds.

Ugly brown cloud over the

city

Breathing problems among the population- High amount of lung/breathing related diseases

-Drivers are asked to leave their cars @ home 1 day a week

-Citizens are encouraged to ride bus, train, or carpool

-Cars inspected to control exhaust emissions

-On bad days, some businesses close

-Working on cleaner burning fuels

Environmental Issue

Where Cause(s) Negative Effects

What’s being done to deal

w/ the problem?

Destruction Of Rain

ForestsAmazon

Basin(Brazil)

Timber companies

clearing land for wood &

to make room for

agriculture (farming)

Loss of habitat for

plant & animal species

Approx. 20% of Earth’s oxygen is

produced in the Amazon Rainforest

New laws limit the

amount of trees that can be cut

down

*These laws are not very well

enforced

Environmental Issue

Where Cause(s) Negative Effects

What’s being done to deal

w/ the problem?

Oil-Related Pollution

Venezuela Coastal Areas

&Lake

Maracaibo

Oil Spills dump oil

into water

Burning of Oil-

Introducing CO2

Into the air

Polluted waters affect plant/animal

species*Hurts the

fishing industry

Breathing problems

associated w/ air pollution

Nothing substantial is

being done yet

*B/C the government runs the oil industry &

doesn’t want to regulate

itself

R56 – GDP & Investment in Human & Capital ResourcesSS6E7 The student will describe factors that influence economic growth and examine their presence or absence in Latin America.a. Explain the relationship between investment in human capital (education and training) and gross domestic product (GDP).

b. Explain the relationship between investment in capital (factories, machinery, and technology) and gross domestic product (GDP).c. Describe the role of natural resources in a country’s economy.

d. Describe the role of entrepreneurship.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Key VocabularyGross Domestic Product (GDP) – the Total Value ($) of all goods & services produced in a country in one year

Natural Resources – “Gifts of Nature”EXAMPLES: Trees, Water, Oil, Arable Land, Minerals, Livestock

Human Capital (Resources) – People w/ the skills & knowledge necessary to produceEXAMPLES: Doctor, Mechanic, Teacher, Lawyer, Accountant

Capital Resources – The tools, machinery, & technology needed to produceEXAMPLES: Drill, Hammer, Computer, Delivery Truck

Entrepreneur – Person/People willing to take the risk of starting a business for profit in a market economy__________________________________________________________________________________________________________a. Explain the relationship between investment in human capital (education and training) and gross domestic product (GDP).

If a country invests money and time in educating and training its’ human capital, how will that affect its’ GDP?The workers will be able to produce more→ GDP will grow

How would it affect a countries GDP if it didn’t invest much in educating and training its’ human capital?The workers will not be able to produce as much → GDP will NOT grow

b. Explain the relationship between investment in capital (factories, machinery, and technology) and gross domestic product (GDP).

If a country invests money and time in the creation of factories, machinery, and new technology, how will that affect its’ GDP?w/ better tools, workers will be able to produce more→ GDP will grow

How would it affect a countries’ GDP if it didn’t invest much in the creation of factories, machinery, and new technology?w/o better tools, workers will not be able to produce as much→ GDP will NOT grow