Courbet -the pioneer of modern art

Structure of the project • Realism :literature

:art• Naturalism • Modernism • Courbet

:his works before 1848: Ornans themes: Parisian themes

: landscapes:self-portraits

: Courbet’s nudes

Realism

• Begins in France, as realisme, a literary doctrine calling for “reality and truth in the depiction of ordinary life.”– Grounded in the belief that there is an objective reality

which can be portrayed with truth and accuracy as the goal;

– The writer does not select facts in accord with preconceived ideals, but rather sets down observations impartially and objectively.

Rejecting the idealized classicism of academic art and the exotic themes of Romanticism, Realism was based on direct observation of the modern world

• First art movement which started with an “ideology”

• Looking common man without prejudice• Political scenario of France

:1830-July revolution:1848- revolution to end July monarchy:labor movement:philosophical shift – Marx and Engels

• Realism emerged in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1848 that overturned the monarchy of Louis-Philippe and developed during the period of the Second Empire under Napoleon III. As French society fought for democratic reform, the Realists democratized art by depicting modern subjects drawn from the everyday lives of the working class.

• .The elevation of the working class into the realms of high art and literature coincided with Pierre Proudhon's socialist philosophies and Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto, published in 1848, which urged a proletarian uprising.

• Proudhon

:socialist – anarchist

:”property is theft”

:”anarchy is order”

:”the system of economic contradictions, or the philosophy of poverty”

Realism in Literature

• In keeping with Gustave Courbet's statement in 1861 that "painting is an essentially concrete art and can only consist in the representation of real and existing things," Realists recorded in often gritty detail the present-day existence of humble people, paralleling related trends in the naturalist literature of Émile Zola, Honoré de Balzac, and Gustave Flaubert

• Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Gustave Flaubert, and Ivan Turgenev are regarded by many critics as representing the zenith of the realist style with their unadorned prose and attention to the details of everyday life

• Later "realist" writers included Benito Pérez Galdós, Guy de Maupassant ,Anton Chekhov, José Maria de Eça de Queiroz, Machado de Assis, Bolesław Prus and, in a sense, Émile Zola, whose naturalism is often regarded as an offshoot of realism.

Modernism

• Advent of Avant- Garde• Necessity of avant-garde

:art moving away from humanism:art becomes a luxurious commodity of the rich

• Industrial revolution in the 1850s• Realism – Avant garde, bohemianism,

socialism, Marxism, rationalism

”Show me an angel and I will paint you an angel”

Gustave Courbet(1819-

1877)

Gustave Courbet

• Lovers in the Countryside1844Oil on canvas, 77 x 60 cmMusée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon

Gustave Courbet

• Young Women from the Village1851Oil on canvas, 195 x 261 cmMetropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Gustave Courbet

• The Studio of the Painter1855Oil on canvas, 359 x 598 cmMusée d'Orsay, Paris

Gustave Courbet

• Burial at Ornans1849-50Oil on canvas, 315 x 668 cmMusée d'Orsay, Paris

“the burial at ornans was in reality the burial of romanticism”- courbet

Gustave Courbet• Firemen Running to a Fire

1850-51Oil on canvas, 388 x 580 cmMusée du Petit Palais, Paris

Gustave Courbet

• Woman of Frankfurt1858Oil on canvas, 104 x 140 cmWallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne

Gustave Courbet

• Portrait of Baudelairec. 1848Oil on canvas, 54 x 65 cmMusée Fabre, Montpellier

Gustave Courbet

• Woman with a Parrot1866Oil on canvas, 130 x 196 cmMetropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Gustave Courbet• Cliffs at Étretat

1870Oil on canvas, 66 x 82 cmNationalgalerie, Berlin

Gustave Courbet• The Source of the Loue

1863Oil on canvas, 84 x 107 cmKunsthaus, Zurich

Gustave Courbet

• The Shaded Stream (or The Puits Noir Stream)1865Oil on canvas, 94 x 135 cmMusée d'Orsay, Paris

Gustave Courbet• The Sea at Palavas

1854Oil on canvas, 27 x 46 cmMusée Fabre, Montpellier

Gustave Courbet• Beach near Trouville

1865Oil on canvas, 54 x 64 cmWallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne

Gustave Courbet

• The Stonebreakers1849Oil on canvas, 165 x 257 cmGemäldegalerie, Dresden (destroyed)

Gustave Courbet

• Self-Portrait (Man with Leather Belt)1845-46Oil on canvas, 100 x 82 cmMusée d'Orsay, Paris

Gustave Courbet

• Self-Portrait with Black Dog1842-44Oil on canvas, 46 x 56 cmMusée du Petit Palais, Paris

Gustave Courbet

• Sleep1866Oil on canvas. 135 x 200 cmMusée du Petit Palais, Paris

Gustave Courbet

• The Origin of the World1866Oil on canvas, 46 x 55 cmMusée d'Orsay, Paris

Gustave Courbet

• The Source1868Oil on canvas, 128 x 97 cmMusée d'Orsay, Paris

Gustave Courbet

• The Bathers1853Oil on canvas, 227 x 193 cmMusée Fabre, Montpellier

THANK YOUBy NIRANJANA S PODUVAL