course: introduction to computers
DESCRIPTION
Course: Introduction to Computers. Lecture: 4 Software. Introduction. Program: Set of sequence instruction that tell the computer what to do. Software: A collection of programs, data, and information. Programmer: The person who makes the program. Computer Software. System Software. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Course: Introduction to Computers
Lecture: 4 Software
![Page 2: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction Program:Set of sequence instruction that tell the computer what to do.
Software:A collection of programs, data, and information.
Programmer:The person who makes the program.
![Page 3: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
(Computer Software)
(System Software) (Application Software)
Computer Software
![Page 4: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
System Software It is the software which is used by the
computer or operates a computer system.
Built inside the computer or in a CD must be bought.
(System Software)
(Programming language)
(Compiler And
Interpreters)
(Operating Systems)
![Page 5: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Programming language
Programs are developed by the programming languages.
It is a set of words, rules, syntax.
There are many programming languages each to solve specific kinds of problems.
Ex. ( C, Java, Pascal, …etc).
![Page 6: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Generations of Programming Languages:1. Machine Language.2. Assembly Language.3. High Level Language.4. Application Generation.5. Object Oriented Languages.
Programming language
![Page 7: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Generations of Programming Languages:1.Machine Language:
It is written in 1, 0 (Binary system). Difficult language. Need long time. Depends on the computer architecture.
Programming language
![Page 8: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Generations of Programming Languages:2.Assembly Language:
Depends on using some of the mnemonic symbols, like: ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV.
Easier than the machine language. Use other accounting systems. Depends on the computer architecture. A translator is needed and it is called
(Assembler).
Programming language
![Page 9: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Generations of Programming Languages:3.High Level Language:
Use statements that user can understand. It needs translators. It can be used very easily to solve complex
problems. They are undependable of the computer’s
architecture. Ex. Python , C , Java
Programming language
![Page 10: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Generations of Programming Languages:4.Application Generations:
Database language used to create files, forms, queries and reports without the writing of any programs.
Ex. Oracle, Access.
Programming language
![Page 11: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Generations of Programming Languages:5.Object Oriented Languages:
Consist of a collection of objects. Every object contains its variables, data,
methods. Encapsulation: which means that the data
and its operations are collected in the same place. You can't access any data without using the operations.
Programming language
![Page 12: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
(System Software)
(Programming language)
(Compiler And
Interpreters)
(Operating Systems)
System Software
![Page 13: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Compiler And Interpreters
Compilers and Interpreters: Program that translate the source code into object code.
Compilers: translate a whole program once and execute it.
Interpreters: translate and execute one instruction at a time. Its slower and use more space than the compiler.
![Page 14: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Operating SystemsThe most important software.
It holds all the instructions that make the computer work.
No computer can work if it dose not contain a O.S.
Consist of group of program (work like a team) the main control program is the Supervisor:
Known as the Monitor or Executive.Guides the activates to all the O.S. parts.
Ex. DOS, Windows, Mac O.S, … etc.
![Page 15: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MS Windows 1.x
15
![Page 16: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
MS Windows 98
16
![Page 17: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Windows XP
![Page 18: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Windows Vista
![Page 19: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Windows 7
![Page 20: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Windows 8
![Page 21: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
System1,2,3,4
![Page 22: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
MAC OS 8
![Page 23: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
MAC OS X
![Page 24: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mac OS X10.0 “Cheetah” & MAC OS X 10.1 “Puma”
“Cheetah”
“Puma”
![Page 25: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Mac OS X10.2 “Jaguar” & MAC OS X 10.3 “Panther”
“Jaguar”
“Panther”
![Page 26: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Mac OS X10.4 “Tiger” & MAC OS X 10.5 “Leopard”
“Tiger”“Leopard”
![Page 27: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mac OS X10.6 “Snow Leopard” & MAC OS X 10.7 “Lion”& Mac OS X10.8 “Mountain Lion”
“Lion”“Snow Leopard”
“Mountain Lion”
![Page 28: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Linux
28
![Page 29: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ubuntu
![Page 30: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Operating System Functions
1. Booting up.2. User Interface.3. Task and resources management.4. Monitoring.5. File Management.6. System security.
![Page 31: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Operating System Type 1) Multitasking OS: execute more than one task at
the same time.
2) Multiprocessing OS: uses more than one CPU.
3) Timesharing OS: time is shared between multi-user to execute their task.
4) Network OS
5) Real Time OS: Input and output operations are happing at the same time (medical devices).
![Page 32: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
(Computer Software)
(System Software) (Application Software)
Computer Software
![Page 33: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Application Software
Application software is a software used by user
Two categories Basic applications
general-purpose
Specialized applicationsFor specific, advanced tasks
![Page 34: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Basic Application Focus on basic and general-purpose tasks
![Page 35: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Focus on specific disciplines and occupations
Make it possible to perform advanced tasks at home
Examples: Graphics Programs Audio and Video Editing Software Multimedia Creation Programs Web Designing Programs
Specialized Applications
![Page 36: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Examples
![Page 37: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Computer Parts
O.S
Application Software
User
![Page 38: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Interfaces
Interface: It’s the way that the user use to deal (communicate) with the computer.
Type:1. Command Line Interface:
1. Commands must be typed on the keyboard. 2. It’s slow process.3. Require a high degree of computer knowledge.
2. Graphical User Interface:1. Use pictures, windows, menus, icons to represent object and
operation.2. User can select any object by pointing the mouse at it an click
on it.3. Ease, enjoyable.
![Page 39: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
System DevelopmentSystem Development: refers to replacing a manual
system into a Computerized system.
Steps of the System Development (System Life Cycle):
1. Preliminary Analysis: What is the system requirements, organization objective. So gather data and write report.
2. Assess Feasibility: Determine if the solution is by computerizing the system?, Is the budget covers?
3. Design: Draw the plan on how its this can be implemented.
4. Implementation(Programming): Write the program. (in this step the system is physically designed).
![Page 42: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
System Development Steps of the System Development
(System Life Cycle):5. Testing6. Training7. Hand over to client8. Monitoring and maintaining the
system.
![Page 43: Course: Introduction to Computers](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/5681692e550346895de073b1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Multimedia Using text, audio, picture, video, …etc in the
program. Used in education, games, commercial.
Multimedia Computer specifications: 1. High specifications in terms of equipment: speed,
memory, hard drive.2. Peripherals: CD drive, sound card, microphone, …
etc.3. Large monitor: screen (graphical) card.4. DVD drivers.