course outline - staff-old.najah.edu slides.pdf · course outline the nature of the industry and...

Professional Practices & TechnicalWriting

Dr. Luay Dwaikat

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Dr. Luay DwaikatPhD Construction Project Management

Professional Practice & TechnicalWriting

(Course Code: 10611461)

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Course Outline The nature of the industry and types of construction organization. Professional practices on the local level Professional practices on the regional level Professional practices on the international level Safety and health in construction projects Technical writing Types of technical writing Types of technical correspondence Research Methods Scientific writing Types of scientific writing Plagiarism Referencing Reports and presentation

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Grading System

Midterm Exam 30% Final exam 50% Reports 10 % Presentation 10%

I wish you success

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Text Book & ReferencesText Book: Alred, G.J., Brusaw, C.T., & Oliu, W.E. (2009). Handbook of

technical writing. (9th edition). Boston, USA: Bedford/St.Martin’s.

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Researchmethods for business students. (5th edition). Lombarda,Italy: Prentice Hall.

References:

APA. (2010). Publication Manual of the AmericanPsychological Association. (6th edition). Washington, DC,USA: American Psychological Association.

Supplementary notes 4


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Before we start Attend the class on time Switch off your mobile Stop the side talks Be a smart listener Use your analytical skills Question every piece of

information you acquire

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The Construction Industry “Construction is a high hazard industry that

comprises a wide range of activities involvingconstruction, alteration, and/or repair. Examplesinclude residential construction, bridge erection,roadway paving, excavations, demolitions, andlarge scale painting jobs.”

6OSHA, 2016, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (https://www.osha.gov/doc/)


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How big is the Construction Industry?

The construction, renovation, andmaintenance of buildings contributefrom 10% to 40% of countries’ GrossDomestic Product (GDP).

And, as a global average, represent10% of country-level employment.

7UNEP SBCI, 2009, Buildings and Climate Change: Summary for Decision-Makers. UNEP (p.5)

Where is your position???!!!

Depends on the type and function ofthe organization you enroll.

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You may work with:

1. Construction firms2. Design and consulting firms3. Project management consulting firms4. Owners/Clients5. Governmental bodies6. Material suppliers

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You may work as:

1. Site engineer2. Design engineer3. Project engineer4. Construction manager5. Project manager6. QA/QC engineer7. Safety engineer8. Procurement engineer

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You may work as:

9. Planning engineer10. Cost engineer11. Project control engineer12. Cost control engineer13. Planning manager14. Cost manager15. Contracts engineer16. Contracts manager17. Quantity surveyor


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Company Organization Chart

An organization chart of a company,also known as organizationstructure, is a diagram that showsthe structure of a company/entity andthe relationships and authorities of itsdepartments, staff, positions, androles.

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Example of an organization chart


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Another Example of an organization chart

Project Organization Chart

An organization chart of a project isa diagram that shows the structure ofa project’s team and the relationshipsand authorities of its staff, positions,and roles.

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An example of a project organization chart

Common construction labor trades

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Foreman Charge hand Concrete mason Stone mason Carpenter Shuttering carpenter Joinery carpenter Steel fixer Bricklayer

Helper/Coolie Electrician Plumber Pipefitter Tile mason Plaster mason/plasterer Painter Welder Operator


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Common construction equipment

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Backhoe/JCB Wheel loader Bulldozer Truck crane Tower crane Mobile crane Bobcat Forklift Boom loader Dumper Dump truck Concrete mixer Concrete pump Trailer (Low bed/High bed) Asphalt paver Roller compactor Plate compactor

Basic Acronyms in Construction Sector

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RFP: Request for Proposal RFQ: Request for Quotation RFI: Request for Information SE: Site Engineer PM: Project Manager CM: Construction Manager A/E: Architect/Engineer IR: Inspection Request


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Frequently used Forms and Documents

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Daily Report Weekly Report Monthly Report Monthly Invoices Time Schedules Schedule of values Material Approval Inspection Request Notice to Proceed

Safety in Construction

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The golden rules:

Be SAFE do not be SORRY Safety is everyone’s responsibility Safety starts at site entrance


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Safety in Construction Potential hazards in construction sites: Falls from heights earthwork collapse Scaffolding collapse Electric shock Not using personal protective equipment (PPE) Falling overhead objects Repetitive motion injuries

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Hazards & SolutionsOSHA summarizes the following hazards as the most frequently citedhazards in construction:

1. Scaffolding2. Fall protection3. Excavations (general requirements)4. Ladders5. Head protection6. Excavations (requirements for protective systems)7. Hazard communication8. Fall protection (training requirements)9. Construction (general safety and health provisions)10. Electrical (wiring methods, design and protection)

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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Essential safety measures

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Enhance your sense of safety

Visit www.OSHA.org

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Report Assignment Write a report consists of two A4 pages that answers the

following questions:

1. What are the most common causes of injuries at constructionsites in Palestine?

2. How many accidents occurred during the period from 2015 –2016?

3. What are the major safety violations at construction site inPalestine?

Due date March 15, 2020 at 1:00 PM.Late submission will not be accepted. 28


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Professional Ethics

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Part IIResearch Methodology

&Technical Writing

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What is research?

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The systematic investigation into and study of materialsand sources in order to establish facts and reach newconclusions.

Oxford Dictionaries (online)

A detailed study of a subject, especially in order todiscover (new) information or reach a (new)understanding.

Cambridge Dictionaries (online)

The Research Process

32Research Onion, adapted from (Saunders et al., 2009)


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Research Process Hypothesis or research questions

formulation Literature review Research design Data collection Data analysis Results and conclusion

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Types of scientific publications1. Scientific articles published in scientific journals2. Authored Books3. Edited books4. Conference proceedings issued by scientific

conferences5. Governmental reports6. Technical reports7. Dissertations/thesis8. Trade publications (Be careful, why?)

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PlagiarismResearchers do not claim the words and ideas of another as their own; theygive credit where credit is due (APA Ethics Code Standard 8.11, Plagiarism).Quotation marks should be used to indicate the exact words of another. Eachtime you paraphrase another author (i.e., summarize a passage or rearrangethe order of a sentence and change some of the words), you need to credit thesource in the text. The following paragraph is an example of how one mightappropriately paraphrase some of the foregoing material in this section.

As stated in the sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the AmericanPsychological Association (APA, 2010), the ethical principles of scientificpublication are designed to ensure the integrity of scientific knowledge and toprotect the intellectual property rights of others. As the Publication Manualexplains, authors are expected to correct the record if they discover errors intheir publications; they are also expected to give credit to others for their priorwork when it is quoted or paraphrased.

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Citation & Referencing Citation: the process of referring to, or using others thoughts,

ideas, opinions, research findings, arguments, and theories inyour research.

If you write, use, or refer to specific information or data from aspecific source in your research, you should mention the sourcein the body of your text and list the source in your referencelist.

The format of the list of references and citation variesdepending on the style that you use (e.g. Vancouver style andAPA style).

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When to cite? Cite the work of those individuals whose ideas, theories, or

research have directly influenced your work. They may providekey background information, support or dispute your thesis, oroffer critical definitions and data.

Citation of an article implies that you have personallyread the cited work.

In addition to crediting the ideas of others that you used tobuild your thesis, provide documentation for all facts and figuresthat are not common knowledge.

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How to cite? The basic elements of the citation are:

1. Name of the author(s)2. Year of publication3. Page number or page range4. The exact page number must be included in

direct quotations, otherwise the citation isincomplete.

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When not to cite?

Do not cite:

1. Your own words, ideas, research findings.

2. Common knowledge and common facts available inseveral sources. (Example: the earth rotates aroundthe sun which causes the four seasons.)

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References The list of all sources that you have

cited.

Different referencing style are used inscientific publications.

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In-text citation exampleAPA style

The terms green buildings, high performance buildings, sustainablebuildings, sustainable construction, high performance construction, or greenconstruction are used interchangeably (Kats et al., 2003; Kibert, 2012;USGBC Research Committee, 2008; Woolley et al., 2005). Intrinsically,sustainable construction should take into account the environmentalaspects through the whole life cycle of a facility, including materialacquisition, installation, operation, disposal, and recycling. However, thegreen building definition varies and there are numerous definitions for thegreen building (Comstock et al., 2012; Kibert, 2007). Yudelson (2008, p.13) defines the green building as: “A high-performance property thatconsiders and reduces its impact on the environment and human health”.According to Yudelson (2008, p. 13), the green building is designed to useless energy and water as well as to reduce the life cycle environmentalimpact of the used material.

Adopted from: Dwaikat, L.N. and Ali, K.N. (2016). Green buildings cost premium : a review ofempirical evidence. Energy & Buildings, 110, 396–403. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.02

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List of References exampleAPA style

Comstock, M., Garrigan, C., & Pouffary, S. (2012). Building design and construction:forging resource efficiency and sustainable development, a report produced underthe coordination and supervision unep-dtie. United Nations Environment Program(UNEP). Retrieved 25 February 2014, from:http://www.unep.org/sbci/pdfs/UNEP_SBCI_PositionPaperJune2012.pdf

Kats, G., Alevantis, L., Berman, A., Mills, E., & Perlman, J. (2003). The costs and financialbenefits of green buildings. a report to california’s sustainable building task force.U.S Green Building Council. Retrieved 4 April 2014, from:http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/News/News477.pdf

Kibert, C. j. (2012). Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. (3rdedition). Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

USGBC Research Committee. (2008). A national green building research agenda. U.S.Green Building Council. Retrieved 15 March 2014, from:http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/General/Docs3402.pdf

Woolley, T., Kimmins, S., Hattison, P., & Harrison, R. (2005). Green building handbook:volume 1: a guide to building products and their impact on the environment.(Adobe eReader Format), Taylor & Francis.

Yudelson, J. (2008b). The green building revolution. Washington, D.C: Island Press. 42


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In-text citation exampleVancouver style/Numbers system

The terms green buildings, high performance buildings, sustainablebuildings, sustainable construction, high performance construction, or greenconstruction are used interchangeably [2,12,19,20]. Intrinsically,sustainable construction should take into account the environmentalaspects through the whole life cycle of a facility, including materialacquisition, installation, operation, disposal, and recycling. However, thegreen building definition varies and there are numerous definitions for thegreen building [21,22]. Yudelson [23] defines the green building as: “Ahigh-performance property that considers and reduces its impact on theenvironment and human health”. According to Yudelson [23], the greenbuilding is designed to use less energy and water as well as to reduce thelife cycle environmental impact of the used material.

Adopted from: Dwaikat, L.N. and Ali, K.N. (2016). Green buildings cost premium : a review ofempirical evidence. Energy & Buildings, 110, 396–403. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.02

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List of References exampleVancouver style/Numbers system

[2] C. j Kibert, Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery, 3rd ed., John Wiley &Sons Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2012.

[12] G. Kats, L. Alevantis, A. Berman, E. Mills, J. Perlman, The Costs and Financial Benefits of GreenBuildings. A Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force, U.S Green Building Council,2003. http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/News/News477.pdf (accessed April 4, 2014).

[19] USGBC Research Committee, A National Green Building Research Agenda, U.S. Green BuildingCouncil, 2008. http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/General/Docs3402.pdf (accessed March 15,2014).

[20] T. Woolley, S. Kimmins, P. Hattison, R. Harrison, Green Building Handbook: Volume 1: A Guideto Building Products and Their Impact on the Environment, (Adobe eReader Format), Taylor &Francis, 2005.

[21] M. Comstock, C. Garrigan, S. Pouffary, Building Design and Construction: Forging ResourceEfficiency and Sustainable Development, a report produced under the coordination andsupervision UNEP-DTIE, United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), 2012.http://www.unep.org/sbci/pdfs/UNEP_SBCI_PositionPaperJune2012.pdf (accessed February 25,2014).

[22] C.J. Kibert, The next generation of sustainable construction, Build. Res. Inf. 35 (2007) 595–601.doi:10.1080/09613210701467040.

[23] J. Yudelson, The Green Building Revolution, Island Press, Washington, D.C, 2008.44


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Direct quotation example

A single case is used because it is a critical, extreme, or unique case(Flyvbjerg, 2006; Hancock & Algozzine, 2006; Yin, 2009, p. 47), or it is atypical case representing a group of cases (Saunders et al., 2009, p. 146;Seawright & Gerring, 2008). Yin (2009, p. 52) contends that a single casestudy is a common approach in case study research, he says:

Overall, the single-case design is eminently justifiable under certainconditions where the case represents (a) a critical test of existing theory,(b) a rare or unique circumstance, or (c) a representative or typical case,or where the case serves a (d) revelatory or (e) longitudinal purpose.

(Yin, 2009, p. 52)

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Citing direct quotations

Saunders et al. (2009, p. 141) describes seven research strategies a researchermay choose in conducting a research which are: experiment, survey, casestudy, action research, grounded theory, ethnography, and archival analysis.The authors contend that “no research strategy is inherently superior orinferior to any other”, based on the need, a researcher has an option to chooseone or more strategy in answering the research questions. However, eachstrategy has certain conditions under which it can be adopted.

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References FormatPrinted Book:

Author, A. A. ( year). Title of book. Location : Publisher.

Shotton , M. A. ( 1 989) . Computer addiction ? A study of computerdependency. London, England: Taylor & Francis.

E-Book:

Shotton , M. A. ( 1 989) . Computer addiction? A study of computerdependency [DX Reader version]. Retrieved from http://www. ebookstore.tandf.co.u k/htm l/index.asp

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References FormatJournal article:

Author, A. A., Author 2, B. B. ( year). Title of article. Title of journal,volume(issue), pp.-pp. doi: 00000000000000000.

Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.doi:000000000

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References FormatPrinted Report:

Author, A. A. ( 1 998) . Title of work (Report No. xxx) . Location : Publisher

Kats, G., Alevantis, L. (2003). The Costs and Financial Benefits of GreenBuildings. A Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force. New York:U.S Green Building CouncilOnline-Report:

Author, A. A. (1998) . Title of work (Report No. xxx). , Retrieved from Agencyname website : http://www.website.com

Kats, G., Alevantis, L. (2003). The Costs and Financial Benefits of GreenBuildings. A Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force, U.S GreenBuilding Council, 2003. http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/News/News477.pdf(accessed April 4, 2014).

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References FormatPrinted Report:

Author, A. A. ( 1 998) . Title of work (Report No. xxx) . Location : Publisher

Kats, G., Alevantis, L. (2003). The Costs and Financial Benefits of GreenBuildings. A Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force. New York:U.S Green Building CouncilOnline-Report:

Author, A. A. (1998) . Title of work (Report No. xxx). , Retrieved from Agencyname website : http://www.website.com

Kats, G., Alevantis, L. (2003). The Costs and Financial Benefits of GreenBuildings. A Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force, U.S GreenBuilding Council, 2003. http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/News/News477.pdf(accessed April 4, 2014).

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