courses of studies for three- years degree course in …bhadrakcollege.nic.in ›...

BHADRAK AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE

BHADRAK- 756100, ODISHA

COURSES OF STUDIES

FOR

THREE- YEARS DEGREE COURSE

IN

SCIENCE First Semester Examination - 2017

Second Semester Examination- 2018

Third Semester Examination- 2018

Fourth Semester Examination - 2019

Fifth Semester Examination - 2019

Six Semester Examination- 2020

SYLLABUS STRUCTURE FOR B.Sc. ( CORE COURSE)

FIRST SEMESTER (WITH PRACTICAL)

SUBJECT PAPER FULL MARK CREDIT MID SEMESTER

END SEMESTER

TH PR TH PR TH PR

AECC(ES) 50 2 10 40

CORE COURSE

C.C-1 C.C-1 60 25 5 1 15 60

C.C-2 C.C-2 60 25 5 1 15 60

GENERIC ELECTIVE

G.E-1 G.E-1 60 25 5 1 15 60

TOTAL MARKS

230 75 17 3 55 220

SECOND SEMESTER (WITH PRACTICAL)


END SEMESTER TH PR TH PR TH PR

AECC(ES) (Eng/od/Hn/ur

50 2 10 40

CORE COURSE C.C-3 C.C-3 60 25 5 1 15 60

C.C-4 C.C-4 60 25 5 1 15 60

GENERIC ELECTIVE

G.E-2 G.E-2 60 25 5 1 15 60

TOTAL MARKS 230 75 17 3 55 220

THIRD SEMESTER (WITH PRACTICAL)


MID SEMESTER TH PR TH PR TH PR

CORE COURSE

C.C-5 C.C-5 60 25 5 1 15 60

C.C-6 C.C-6 60 25 5 1 15 60

C.C-7 C.C-7 60 25 5 1 15 60

SEC P-1 50 2 10 40

GENERIC ELECTIVE

G.E-3 G.E-3 60 25 5 1 15 60

TOTAL MARKS

290 100 22 4 70 280

FOURTH SEMESTER (WITH PRACTICAL)



CORE COURSE

C.C-8 C.C-8 50 25 5 1 15 60

C.C-9 C.C-9 60 25 5 1 15 60

C.C-10 C.C-10

60 25 5 1 15 60

SEC P-2 50 2 10 40

GENERIC ELECTIVE

G.E-4 G.E-4 60 25 5 1 15 60

TOTAL MARKS

290 100 22 4 70 280

FIFTH SEMESTER (WITH PRACTICAL)



CORE COURSE

C.C-11 C.C-11

60 25 5 1 15 60

C.C-10 C.C-10

60 25 5 1 15 60

DSE DSE-1 DSE-1 60 25 5 1 15 60

DSE-2 DSE-2 60 25 5 1 15 60

TOTAL MARKS

240 100 22 4 60 240

SIXTH SEMESTER (WITH PRACTICAL)



CORE COURSE

C.C-13 C.C-13

60 25 5 1 15 60

C.C-14 C.C-14

60 25 5 1 15 60

DSE DSE-3 DSE-3 60 25 5 1 15 60

DSE-4 100 6 100

TOTAL MARKS

180 75 15 9 45 280

ENVIRONMENT STUDIES

SEMESTER-1

Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course (AECC)

(2 CREDIT) F.M-50(40+10)

Question must be set from all units with alternatives and each question will be both long and short answer

type

UNIT-1 Introduction to environmental studies and ecosystem

Scope and importance of environmental studies.

What is ecosystem? Structure and function of ecosystem;

Energy flow in an ecosystem; Food webs and ecological succession study of the ecosystem

(forest ecosystem, pond ecosystem)

UNIT-2 Natural Resources: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources.

Land resources and land use change; Lavel degradation and soil erosion.

Reforestation: causes and impacts due to mining, dam building on

Environment. Forests, biodiversity and tribal population.

Water use and over –exploitation of surface and grand water, draughts.

Energy recourses: Renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy source.

UNIT-3 Biodiversity conservation and Environmental issues.

Level of biology diversity: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; Bio geographic zones of

India; Biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot sports.

India as a Mega-biodiversity nation; Endangered and endemic species of India.

Threats to biodiversity. Habital-loss, poaching of wildlife, Man wild life conflicts; conservation of

biodiversity: In sity and Ex-sity conservation of biodiversity.

Human population growth: Impact on environment, disaster management(Food , Cyclone,

Earthquake) Environmental Movements (Chipko, Silent-valley, Bis-nois of Rajasthan)

UNIT-4 Environmental pollution and policies.

Environmental pollution: Traps, causes, effects and controls; Air, water, soil and noise pollution.

Solid waste management control measures of urban and industrial waste.

Climate change, global warming, ozone layer depletion acid main and impacts on human

communities and agriculture.

Environmental laws: Environment pollution Act; Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act;

Forest conservation Act.

Suggested Readings:-

1. Sharma, P.D Ecology & Environmental Biology

2. Dash, M.C. Fundamental of Ecology

3. Rana, S.V.S Environmental Studies

Semester-II

Paper-2. 1: Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course (AECC)

(In English/Odia /Hindi/Urdu)

Duration -2 hour, Mid sem-10, End Sem-49, F.M-50

Question must be set from all units with alternatives and each question will be both long and short answer

type

English

This course at enhancing the English Language proficiency of undergraduate student in Human and preparing

them for the academic, social and professional expectation during and after the course. The course will help

develop academic and social English competencies in speaking, listening, reading, writing, grammar and usage.

The course will have 2 credits (50 marks), Mid-Sem (Internal Assessment)-10 Marks at End Sem -40 Marks.

These shall be 3 units.

Unit-I : Reading skills, summary, paraphrasing. Analysis, interpretation, knowledge, literary texts. Candidates

shall have to answer 3 questions carrying 5 marks each from the prescribed text.

Text prescribed: Forms of English Prose (OUP)

Pieces to be studied: 1. The Lament – Anton Chekov

2. The Umbrella- G.D Maupassant

3. The barber’s Trade Union –M.R. Anand

4. The Axe – R.K. Narayan

Unit2: Writing Skill- Report, making Notes, Explain an idea / paragraph/CV/Resume information Transfer and

Business Communication. The candidates shall have to answer questions carrying 7.5 marks each.

Unit-3 Grammar and usage: Sentence ( Simple, Complex, Compound) , Clause ( Noun Adjective, Adverb ),

Phrasal verb , models, Preposition, Subject- Verb Agreement , Common Error, Candidates shall have to answer

10 objective questions carrying 1 mark each.

ODIA


Duration -2 Hours, Mid Sem -10, End emester-40, F.M-50

ù~ûMûù~ûMcìkK cûZébûhû – IWò@û (AECC)

ù~ùK÷÷Yiò 2Uò _ûV aûQ

_ûVý-1: ù~ûMûù~ûM @^êaò]ô

1 c GKK: ù~ûMûù~ûMe bòò _eòbûhû, @^êaò]ô I _eòie û

2d GKK: ù~ûMûù~ûMe _âKûe ùb\ K[ôZ, fòLòZ, aýqòMZ-icûRòK-iûõÄéZòK, aýaiûdòK-

iûjòZòýK û

3d GKK: ù~ûMûù~ûMe aû]K I iek iû]^e \òM û

4 [ð GKK: ù~ûMûù~ûMe iûjòZýe bìcòKû û

5c GKK: iek ù~ûMûù~ûMe bûhû û

Hindi


Duration-2 Hours, Mid Sem-10, End Sem-40, F.M-50

Unit-1

Efnvoer Yee<ee mebcHe£es<eCe

(1) Yee<ee keÀes HeefjYee<ee, He£ke=Àefle Syeb efJeefJeOe ©He (

ceewefKekeÀ, efueefKele,je<ì£Yee<ee,jepeYee<ee )

Unit-2

(2) Efnvoer keÀer JeCe& y³eJemLee-mJej Syeb y³ebpeve-He£keÀejYeso mJej-

(n´mye,oerIe&,Deewj meb³eg

Yîebpeve- (mye<e&,DeblemLe, G<ce, DeuHeHe^eCe, Iees<e leLee DeIees<e)

Unit-3

Efnvoer yîekeÀjCe Deewj mebcHe^s<eCe

1. He³ee&îeJee®eer Meyo, efyeueesce, DeveskeÀ MeyoeW kesÀ efueS SkeÀ

Meyo

Unit-4

(1.)Meyo Megefo, cegneyejW Dewj ueeskeÀesefkele³eBe

Unit-5

Efnefvo mebcHe^<eCe keÀer DeJeOeejCee Deewj cenlJe

Mark Distribution:

Unit-1 mes mid Sem Exam. kesÀ meJeeue –(10 Marks)

Unit-2, 3, 4, 5& 6 mes –End Sem Exam 08 x 5=(40 Marks)

Book for Referance:

(1) DeeOegefvekeÀ efnvoer y³ekeÀjCe Deewj j®evee- yemegosJe vebove

He^meeo

(2) He^³esefiekeÀ efnvoer – [e.ieg.ce. Keeved –meyeveced yegkedÀ <ìerj, keÀìkeÀ

(3) He^³eespeve cetuekeÀ efnvoer – kewÀueeme ®ebo Yeeefì³ee

URDU

Internal Assessment: Time 1 Hr. Full Marks-10

Semester Assessment: Time-2 Hr. Full Marks-40

Unit-1 PROSE (12)

1. Mujhe mera Dost se Bachao- Sajjad Haider

2. Chema ka Ishq – Pitras Bukhari

3. Haj-e-Akbar-Prem Chand

4. Aakhri Qudam –Zakir Hussain

There shall be one long wuestion with alternative carrying 12 marks.

Unit-2: POETRY (12)

1. Naya Shewala- Mohmmad Iqbal

2. Aasmi Nama-Nazir Akbar Aabadi

3. Kashmir- Durga Sahy Suroor

4. Nasha-re-Ummid – Altaf Hussain Hali

There shall be one long question with alternative carrying 12 marks.

Unit-3: GRAMMAR (8)

Ism, Sifat, Fail, Wahid-o-Jama, Mutazad Alfaz, Mutashabeh Alfaz, Tazkeer-o-Tanees.

There shall be one question with alternative carrying 8 marks.

Unit-4: RHETORIC (8)

Tashbeeh, Istear, Kenaya, Majaz-e-Mursal, Tazad, ham, Maratun Nazir.

There shall be one question with alternative carrying 8 marks.

SUGGESTED READING:

1. URDU ZABAN-O-QAWAID-PART (I)- SHAFA AHMED SIDDIQI

2. IL MUL BALAGHAT – ABDUL MAJID

SEMESTER-III

SEC-I

Question must be set from all units with alternatives and each question will be both long and short answer type

Duration- 2 Hrs, Mid Sem -10, End Sem-40, Total Marks-50

Communicative English

There shall be one paper in communicative English of skill enhancement course of

Arts/Science students of +3 2nd Yr. 3rd Semester carrying 40 marks and will be of 2 hours

duration.

Paper-I: Skill Enhancement Course of Arts/Science and Commerce students

This course aims at enhancing the English Language of Arts/ Science / Commerce proficiency

of undergraduate students of ARTS, SCIENCE and COMMERCE in humanity and preparing them

for the academic, social and professional expectations during and after the course. The course

will help to enhance communicative skill and social English competencies in speaking ,

listening, reading, writing, Grammar ad Usage.

The course will have 2 credits (50 Marks)

Mid semester-10 marks Time, 1 Hour End Sem 40 marks Time 2 hours (there Shall be 3 units)

Candidates shall have to attempt one long answer type question carrying 4 marks from each

until. Alternative questions will be set (from each) against each question.

Unit-1 Communication: The concept, purpose of communication,

Types of Communication, Verbal Communication,

Non-verbal Communication, Non-verbal Communication: Body Language

Business Communication, Barriers to communication,

Overcoming communication Barriers

How to sender can overcome communication barriers

How to receive can overcome communication barriers.

Developing effective messages

UNIT-II How can we make communication effect?

Listening

Clarity and Brevity of ideas

The “you” Attitude

Simple and plain English, positive attitude and Bias free language

Computer- Mediated Communication (CMC)

UNIT-III A. How we speak English: The Respiratory system

The Phonatory system, The Articulator System,

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), Transcription

Vowels of English, Consonants of English, Varieties of English,

Standard English, American English, Indian English,

Word Stress: Functions of Word stress in English, Intonation

B. Grammar: Aid to communication

Time and Tense: Aspect of Event verb and state verb

Concord. Finite verb and Non-finite verbs,

Interrogatives: Open Questions, Closed Questions and : Rhetorical Questions

Books prescribed:

Smith L.E. Readings in English as an international Language, Oxford, Pergamon press (1983)

Banasal. R.K and J.B Harrison- Spoken English – A manual of speech and phonetics. Madras

Orient Longman 1972

Dr. Das Shruti, Contemporary Business Communication New Delhi, S.Chand Publising, 2008.

O. Conner. J.D Better English pronunciation, 2nd ed. Cambridge, Cup, 1980.

Division of marks:

Unit-I (1) One long answer type question carrying 8 marks- 1x8=08

(2)Two short answer type Questions carrying 4 marks each-2x4=08

UNIT-II (1) One long answer type question carrying 8 marks – 1x8=08

(2)Two Short answer type questions carrying 4 marks -2x4=08

UNIT-III (1) One long answer type question carrying 8 marks -1x8=08

(2)Two short answer type questions carrying 4 marks each -2x4=08

Semester –I

Core Course1: Microbiology and Philology -100 marks

(Credits-6: Theory-4, practical-2)

THEORY (Each class 1 hour): PRACTICAL (Each class 2 hours)

Duration – 3 Hrs, Mid Sem -15, End Sem -60, Practical-25, Total Marks-100

Lectures: 60 [40 Theory + 20 Practical class]

Unit-I Introduction to microbial world microbial nutrition growth and metabolism.

2 Lectures

Viruses:- Discovery, physiochemical and biological characteristics; classification (Baltimore), general structure with special reference to viroids and prions; replication ( general account), DNA virus (T-phase), lytic and lysogenic cycle; RNA virus (TMV), Economic importance of viruses with reference to vaccine organisms of plant diseases.

5 Lectures

Unit-II Bacteria:- Discovery, general characteristics, types-archaebacteria, eubacteria, wall-less forms (mycoplasm and spheroplasts), cell structure, nutritional types, reproduction-vegetative, asexual and recombination (conjugation, transformation and transduction). Economic importance of bacteria with reference to their role in agriculture and industry (fermentation and medicine).

5 Lectures

Unit-III Algae:- General characteristics; ecology and distribution; range of thallus organization; Cell structure and components; cell wall pigment system, methods of reproduction classification; criteria, system of Fritsch , and evolutionary classification of Lee ( only upto groups); significant contributions of important psychologists (F.E. Fritsch, G.M. Smith, R.N. Singh, T.V. Desikachary, H.D. Kumar, M.O.P. lyngar). Role of algae in the environment, agriculture, biotechnology and industry.

6 Lectures

Unit-IV Cyanophyta:-Ecology and occurrence rang of thallus organization, cell structure, heterocyst, reproduction. Economic importance; role of algae in biotechnology. Morphology and life-cycle of Nostoc.

5 Lectures

Chlorophyta:-General characteristics, occurrence, 5 Lectures

rang of thallus organization, cell structure and reproduction. Morphology and life- cycles of Chlamydomonas, volvox, Oedogonium, Coleochaete, Evolutionary significance of prochloron.

Unit-V Charophyta:- General characteristics; occurrence, morphology, cell structure and life- cycle of Chara; evolutionary significance.

5 Lectures

Xanthophyta:- General characteristics rang of thallus organisation; occurrence, morphology and life- cycles of Vaucheria.

3 Lectures

Phaeophyta:- Characteristics, occurrence, range of thallus organisation, cell structure and reproduction. Morphology and life- cycles of Ectocarpus and Fucus.

3 Lectures

Rhodophyta:- General characteristics, occurrence, range of thallus organisation, cell structure and reproduction. Morphology and life- cycle of polysiphonia.

4 Lectures

Practical (20 classes, each class of 2h)

Microbiology 1. Electron micro/ Models of viruses of viruses- T-phage and TMV, Line drawings/ photographs of Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle.

2. Types of Bacteria to be observed from temporary/ permanent slides/ photographs Electron micrographs of bacteria, binary fission, endospore, conjugation, root Nodule.

3. Gram staining. 4. Endospore staining with malachite green using the (

endospores taken from soil bacteria.

Phycology Study of vegetative and reproductive structure of Nostoc, Chamydomonas (electron micrographs), Volvox, Oedogonium, Coleochaete, Chara, Vaucheria, Ectocarpus, focus and Polysiphonia, Procholoron through electron micrographs, temporary preparations and permanent slides.

Suggested Readings

1. Lee, R.E (2008). Phycology, Cambridge University Press , Cambridge. 4th edition.

2. Prescott, L.M., Harley J.P., Klein D.A (2005). Microbiolohy, McGraw Hill, India 6th edition.

3. Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory phycology. Affilited East-West press, Delhi.

4. Sahoo, D.(2000). Farming the ocean: Aeaweeds cultivation and utilization. Aravali

International, New Delhi.

5. Campbell, N.A., Reece J.B., Urry L.A., Cain M.L., Wasserman S.A. Minorsky P.V., Jackson

R.B. (2008). Biology, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, USA. 8th edition.

6. Pelczar, M.J.(2001) Microbiology, 5th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Co, New Delhi.

7. Semester-I

Core Course 2: Biomolecules and Cell Biology-100 marks


THEORY (Each class 1 hour): PRACTICAL (Each class 2 hours)

Duration-3 Hrs, Mid Sem -60, practical-25, Total Marks-100

Lectures: 60 [40 Theory + 20 Practical classes]

Unit-I Biomolecules:- Types and significance of chemical bonds; Structure and properties of water PH and Buffers.

2 lectures

Carbohydrates: Nomenclature and classification; Role of monosaccharide’s (glucose, fructose, sugar alcohols – mannitol and sobitol); Disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose), Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides ( structure- cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin, chitin, mucilage; storage starch, insulin) Lipids-Definition and major classes of storage and structural lipids. Storage lipids. Fatty acids structure and functions. Essential fatty acids. Triacyl glycerols structure, functions and properties.

3 lectures 2 lectures

Proteins: Structure of amino acids; peptids bonds; Levels of protein structure- primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary; isoelectronic point; protein denaturation and biological roles of proteins.

Nucleic acids: Structure of nitrogenous base; Structure and function of nucleotides; Types of nucleic acids; Structure of A,B,Z types of DNA; Types of RNA; Structure of RNA

Unit-II Bioenergetics: Laws of thermodynamics, concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reactions, coupled reactions, redox reactions. ATP: Structure, its role as a energy currency molecule.

Enzymes: Structure of enzyme: haloenzyme, apoenzyme, cofactors, coenzymes and prosthetic group; Classification of enzymes; features of active site, substrate specificity, mechanism of action (activation energy, lock and key hypothesis, induced-fit theory), Michaelis- Menten equation, enzyme inhibition and factors affecting enzyme activity.

4 lectures

Unit-III The cell: Cell as a unit of structure and function; Characterstics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Origin of eukaryotic cell ( Endosymbiotic theory)

Cell wall and plasma membrane: structure and function of plant cell wall. Overview of Chemistry, structure and function; fluid mosaic model; Chemical composition of membranes; Membrane transport- passive, active and facilitated transport, endocytosis and excytosis.

Unit-IV Cell organelles: Nucleus ; Structure-nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complex, nuclear lamina, molecular organization of chromatin; nucleus.

Cytoskeleton: Role and structure of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediary filament.

Chloroplast, mitochondria and peroxisomes: structural organization; function; semiautonomous nature of mitochondria and chliroplsdt .

Unit-V Cell division: Eukaryotic cell cycle, different stages of mitosis and meiosis. Cell cycle, Regular of cell cycle.


Practical 1. Qualitative test for carbohydrates, reducing sugar, non reducing sugar, lipids and protins.

2. Study of plant cell structure with the help of epidermal peel

mouth of onion/ Rhoeo/Crinum. 3. Demonstration of the [phenomenon of protoplasmic

streaming in Hydrilla lesf. 4. Measurement of cell size by the technique of micrometer. 5. Counting the cell per unit volume with the help of

haemocytometer. (Yeast/ pollen grains). 6. Study of cells and its organells with the help of electron

micrographs. 7. Study of cell and its organism with the help of electron

micrographs. 8. Study different stages of mitosis snd meiosis using aceto

carmine and aceto orcin method.

Suggested Readings

1. Compbell, M.K (2012) Biochemisty, 7th ed, publisher by Cengage Learning.

2. Comphell, PN and Smith AD (2011) Biochemistry illustrated, 4th ed., Published by

Churchill livingstone.

3. Tymoczko JI, Berg JM and Stryer L (2012) Biochemistry : A short course, 2nd ed., W.H.

Freeman

4. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2011) Biochemistry, W.H. freeman and Company.

5. Nelson DL and Cox MM (2008) Lehninger principles of biochemistry, 5th Edition., W.H.

Freeman and Company.

6. Keep, G. (010) Cell Biology, John Wiley & sons, U.S.A. 6th edition.

7. Hardin, J., Becker, G., Skliensmith, L.J. (2012). Becker’s World of the cell, pearson

Education inc. U.S.A. 8th edition.

8. Cooper, G.M and hausman, R.E 2009 the cell: A molecular Approaches. 5th edition. ASM

press & sunderland, Washington, D.C; Sinauer Associates, MA.

9. Beker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. And Bertoni, G.P. 2009 The World of the cell. 7th

edition pearson Benjamin Cumming publishing, sen Francisco.

Semester-II

Unit-I Introduction to true fungei: Definition, General characterstics: affinities with plants and animals; Thallus organization; Cellwall composition; Nutritition; Classification. Chytridomyeetes: General account

Ascomycota: General characteristics ( asexual fruiting bodies); Ecology; Life cycle, Heterokaryosis and parasexuality; life cycle and classification with reference to Saccharomyces. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria and Neurospara, Peziza.

Unit-II Basidiomycota: General characteristics; Ecology; Life cycle and Classification with reference to back stem rust on wheat puccinia (Physiological Specialization), loose and covered smut (symptoms only), Aganicus; Bioluminescence, Fairy Rings and Mushroom Cultivation.

Unit-III Symbiotic associations: Lichen- Occurrence; General characteristics;Growth forms and range of thallus organization; Nature of associations of algae and fungal partners; reproduction. Mycorrhiza-Ectomycorrhiza, Endomycorrhiza and their significance.

Unit-IV Applied Mycology: Role of fungi in biotechnology, Application of fungi in food industry(flavour & texture, Fermentation, Braking, Organic acids, Enzymes, Mycoproteins); Secondary metabolites (Pharmaceutical preparations); Agriculture (Biofertilizers); Mycotoxins; Biological control (Mycofungicides , Mycoherbicides, Mycoinsecticides, Myconematicides); Medical mycology.

Unit-V Phytoplasm: Term and concepts; General symptoms; Geographical distribution of disease; etiology; symptomology; Host pathogen relationships; disease cycle and environmental relation; prevention and control of plant diseases, and role of quarantine. Bacterial disease- Citrus canker and angular left spot diseases of cotton. Viral diseases- Tobacco Mosaic viruses, vein clearing. Fungal diseases-Early blight of potato Black stems rust of wheat, white rust of crucifers.

Practical (20 Class, each class of 2h)

Practical 1. Introduction to the word of fungi ( Unicellular, coenocytic /septate mycelium, asocarps & basidiocarps) 2. Rhizopus: Study of asexual state from temporary mounts and sexual structures through permanent slides. 3. Aspergillus and pencillium: Study of asexual stage from temporary mounts. Study of sexual stage from permanent slides/ photographs. 4. Peziza: Sectioning through ascocarp. 5. Alternaria: Specimens/photographs and temporary mounts. 6. Puccinia: Herbarium specimens of sports on wheat and permanent slides of both the hosts. 7. “Agricus: Specimens of button stage and full grow mushroom; sectioning of gills or Agricus, fairy rings and biominiscent mushrooms to be shown. 8. Albugo: Study of symptoms of plants infected with Albugo; asexual phase study throughsecton/temporary mounts and sexual structures through permanent slides. 9. Study of growth forms of lichens (crustose, folise and fruiticose) on different substrates. Study of thallus and reproductive structures (soredia and apothecium) through permanent slides. Mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhiza and endo mycorrhiza(photographs) 10. Phytopatholohy: Herbarium specimens of bacterial diseases; Citrus Canker; Viral disease: TMV, fungal diseases: Early blight of potato, and White rust of crucifers.

Suggested Readings

1. Agrios, G.N 1997 plant pathology, 4th edition, Academic press, UK.

2. Alexopouios, C.J, Mims, C.W,. Blackwell, M.(1996). Introductory Mycology, John Wiley &

Sons (Asia) Singapore. 4th edition.

3. Webster, J. And weber, R. (2007). Introduction to fungi, Cambridge University press,

Cambridge. 3rd edition.

4. Sethi, L.K and Walia, S.K (2011). Test book of fungi and their allies, Macmillan publishers

India Ltd.

5. Sharma, P.D (2011) Plant pathology, Rastogi Publication, Meerut, India.

Semester-II

Core Course 2: Biomolecules and Cell Biology-100 marks


THEORY (Each class 1 hour ): PRACTICAL (Each class 2 hours)


Lectures: 60 [40 Theory + 20 Practical classes]

Unit-I Introduction: Unifying features of archegoniate; Transition to land habit; Alternation of generations.

Unit-II Bryophytes: General characteristics; Adaptations to land habit; Classification; Range of thallus organization (up to family). Riccia, marchantia, pellia, porella, Anthoceros, sphagnum and funaria; Reproduction and evolutionary trends in Riccia, marchantia. Anthoceros and funaria (developmental stages not included). Ecological and economic importance of bryophytes with special reference to sphagnum.

12 lectures

Unit-III Pteridophytes: General characteristics, classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of psilotum, selaginella, Equisetum and pteris.(Devlopmental details not to be included). Apogamy, and apospory, heterospory andseed habit, telome theory, stellar evolution. Ecological and economic importance.

10 lectures

Unit-IV Gymnosperms: General characteristics, classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Cycas, pinus. Ginko and Ginetum. (Developmental details not to be included). Ecological and economic importance.

8 lectures

Unit-V Fossils: Geographical time scale, fossils and fossilization process. Morphology, anatomy and affinities of Rhynia, Calamites, Lepidodendron, Lyginopteris and Cycadeoidea.

8 lectures


Practical 1. Riccia- Morphology of thallus. 2. Marchantia-Morphology of thallus, whole mount of rhizoids

& scales, vertical section of thallus through Gemma cup,

whole mount of Gemmae ( all temporary slides), vertical section of Autheridiophore, Archegoniophore, longitudinal section of Sporophyte (all permanent slides)

3. Anthocerus- Morphology of thallus, dissection of sporophyte (to show stomata, spores, pseudoelaters, columella) ( temporary slides), vertical section of thallus ( permanent slide).

4. Pellia, porella- permanent slides. 5. Sphagnum- Morphology of plant, whole mount of

leaf(permanent slide only). 6. Funaria-Morphology, whole mount of leaf, rizoids,

operculum, peristome, annulus, spores (temporary slides); permanent slides showing antheridial and archegonial heads, longitudinal section of capsule and protonema.

7. Psilotum- Study of specimen, transverse section of synangium (permanent slides).

8. Selaginella- Morphology, whole mount of leaf with ligule, transverse section of stem, whole mount of strobilus, whole mount of microsporophyll and megasporophyll (temporary slides), longitudinal section of strobilus ( permanent slide).

9. Equisetum- Morphology, transverse section of internode, longitudinal section of strobilus, transverse section of strobilus, whole mount of sporangiophore, whole mount of spores( wet and dry) temporary slides), transverse section of rhizome ( permanent slide).

10. Pteris- Morphology, transverse section of rachis, vertical section of sporophyll, wholemount of sporangium, whole mount of spores (temporary slides), transverse section of rhizome, whole mount of prothallus with sex organs and young sporophyte permanent slide)

11. Cycas- Morphology ( coralloid roots, bulbil, leaf) whole mount of microsporophyll, transverse section of coralloid root, transverse section of rachis, vertical section of leaflet, vertical section of microsporophyll, whole mount of sports (temporary slides); longitudinal section of ovule, transverse section of root (permanent slides).

12. Pinus- Morphology ( long and dwarf shoots, whole mount of dwarf shoot, male and female cones), transverse section of Needle, transverse section of stem, longitudinal section of transverse section of male cone, whole mount of microsporophyll, whole mount of Microspores ( temporary slides), longitudinal section of female cone, tangential

longitudinal section & radial; longitudinal sections stem (permanent slide).

13. Gnetum- Morphology ( stem, male & female cones), transverse section of steam vertical section of ovule( permanent slide)

14. Botanical excursion.

Suggested Readings

1. Vashistha, PC, Sinha, A.K., Kumar, A. (2010). Pteridophyta. S. Chand. Delhi, India.

2. Bhatnagar, S.P. & Moitra, A. (1996). Gymnosperms. New Age International (P) Lts

Publishers, New Delhi, India.

3. Parihr, N.S.(1991). An introduction to Embryophyta: Vol. I. Bryophyta. Central Book

Deport. Allahabada.

4. Raven, P.H, Johnson, G.B., Losos, J.B., Singer, S.R. (2005), Biology. Tata McGraw Hill,

Delhi.

5. Vander-poorteri 2009 Introduction to Bryophytes. COP.

Semester-III

Core Course 2:Biomolecules and Cell Biology-100 marks

(Credits-6: Theory-4,practical-2)

THEORY ( Each class 1 hour ): PRACTICAL (Each class 2 hours)


Lectures:60 [40 Theory + 20 Practical classes]

Unit-I Introduction and scope of plant Anatomy: Application in systemstics, forensics and pharmacognosy.

Tissues: Classification of tissues; Simple and complex tissues (no phylog

Unit-II

Unit-III

Unit-IV

Unit-V

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