covalent bonds. ionic bonds review valence electrons are given or taken metals and nonmetals only!...
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Covalent Covalent BondsBonds
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Ionic Bonds ReviewIonic Bonds Review
•Valence electrons are given or taken
•Metals and nonmetals only! (Polyatomic ions)
•Form ions (charged particles)
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Covalent BondsCovalent Bonds
•Share valence electrons•Follow octet rule—8 valence electrons
•Nonmetals and nonmetals•No ions•Number of valence electrons needed is the # of bonds formed
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds•Rule #1–Element with lower group number is written first–Example: Oxygen & Carbon
Phosphorus & Sulfur
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds
•Exception to Rule #1–When compound contains oxygen and a halogen, name of halogen is first.–Example: Oxygen & Fluorine Bromine & Oxygen
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds
•Rule #2–If both elements are in same group, element with higher period number is listed first.–Example: Selenium & Sulfur Nitrogen & Phosphorus
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds
•Rule #3–The second element in the name is named as if it were an anion. That is, drop the last part of the element name and add “ide”
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds
•Rule #4–Greek prefixes are added to each element name to indicate the number of atoms of each in the compound.
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds
•Greek Prefixes–Mono one–Di two–Tri three–Tetra four–Penta five
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds
•Greek Prefixes (cont.)–Hexa six–Hepta seven–Octa eight–Nona nine–Deca ten
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds
•Exception to rule #4–If compound contains one atom of the element that is written first, mono is NOT used–CO—carbon monoxide NOT monocarbon monoxide
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds
•Help with spelling:–When the addition of Greek prefix causes an “a” and an “o” to be adjacent to one another, the vowel at the end of the Greek prefix is usually dropped.
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds
•Help with spelling:–Example: nonaoxide—nonoxide monooxide—monoxide
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Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds•More help with spelling:–The “i” at the end of di- and tri- is NEVER dropped.
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Practice: Name these:Practice: Name these:
1. NF₃2. ClO₂3. P₄S₁₀4. CS₂5. BrF₃
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Answers:
1. Nitrogen trifluoride2. Chlorine dioxide3. Tetraphosphorus
decasulfide4. Carbon disulfide5. Bromine trifluoride
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Practice: Write formulas:Practice: Write formulas:
1. Disulfur decafluoride2. Sulfur dioxide3. Iodine monochloride4. Antimony trichloride5. Phosphorus
pentafluoride
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Answers:
1. S₂F₁₀2. SO₂3. ICl4. SbCl₃5. PF₅