cp class test two notes
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CP CLASS TEST TWO NOTES. STANDARD THREE The student will examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE. A. Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CP CLASSTEST TWO NOTES
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STANDARD THREEThe student will examine the political, philosophical, and
cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean
societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE.
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A. Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the
Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire.
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B. Identify the ideas and impact of important individuals; include
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and describe the diffusion of Greek
culture by Aristotle’s pupil Alexander the Great and the impact
of Julius and Augustus Caesar.
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C. Analyze the contributions of Hellenistic and Roman culture;
include law, gender, and science.
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
8/20/13
• What influence did Alexander have on the world?
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Phillip of Macedon 359 BCKidnapped as a child and held in
GreeceLiked Greek culture
Established 1st Macedonian professional army
Began expanding his empire
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Conquered Greece following the Peloponnesian Wars.
Greek opinion of Phillip was divided.
Demosthenes – menace to Greece
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By 336 BC all of Greece was under Macedonian rule.
Before Phillip could organize the city-states he is assassinated.
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ALEXANDER
• Was only 20 years old when he took the throne.
• Historians call him Alexander the Great• Period from the beginning of his reign to
the Roman conquest of Greece in 146 BC is called the Age of Alexander or the Hellenistic Age.
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Alexander and his father were very much alike.
Phillip gave Alexander every advantage to make him a great
ruler.
Trained to fight by Macedonian army.
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But tutored by Aristotle.Learned to admire Greek
culture
Began military career by crushing rebellions in the Greek
city-states after his father’s death
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Then went to Asia-Minor and defeated the Persians.
Next he marched to Syria.
From Syria he went westward to conquer Egypt.
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From Egypt he went to Mesopotamia to defeat the rest
of the Persian empire.
In 331 BC he captured Babylon
Beyond Persia was India
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For 4 years he led his army east, and captured the lands of
the Indus Valley.
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At Babylon in 323 BC he became ill, and he will die of a
fever at age of 32.
After his death his generals will kill his entire family and divide
the empire.
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A fierce struggle will go on between the generals until
301 BC and then the 3 surviving generals agreed to divide the kingdom among themselves.
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Alexander’s divided empire
• Macedonia (Greece)– ruled by Antigonus
• Egpyt - ruled by Ptolemy – Capital city was Alexandria. Largest city in
Hellenistic world.• Syria – ruled by Sellucus
–Largest - Babylon
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1. Headings Chapter 8 (15) before you leave today!
2. Study for test 1 Thursday!
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kRwJJwxGZE
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8/21/13EQ – How did the Roman
Empire develop?
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Alexander - to influence conquered cultures
mix with the Greek culture
built cities, libraries (research), financed scholars, Greek language common, Greek
culture
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New culture emergedGreek – (Hellenic) blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian
Hellenistic culture
Koine – Greek common
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ROME
• According to legend Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus & Remus.
• Twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin Princess.
• They were abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by wolves.
• Built Rome on that spot.
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Built on 7 rolling hills at a bend of the Tiber River.Center of Italy -
mid way between the Alps and Italy’s southern tip.
Also near the Med. Sea
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From 1,000 – 500 BC three groups inhabited this region and
fought for control of the area.Latins
GreeksEtruscans
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The Latins
• built the original settlement of Rome.
• Considered 1st Romans.
• Settled central Italy
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Greeks
• Between 750 and 600 BC established colonies in southern Italy and Sicily.
• Influenced Roman culture– Literature– Myths– Alphabet– Architecture - arch
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Etruscans
• Northern Italy• Tarquins 600 BC ruled as kings• During their rule Rome grew from villages
to city nearly 500 square miles.• Lost control in 509 BC and Etruscan
people mixed with other cultures to become known as the Romans.
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All three ethnic groups began to think of themselves as Romans.
They set up a Republic. Only male citizens could vote. Most
were farmers. Not a big difference in social classes.
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But later social classes became more distinct.
Most powerful – patriciansAll others – plebeians
Plebeians could not hold office, could not marry patricians, laws not written down, but expected to obey
laws.
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Gradually, got some rights by holding strikes.
Laws written down - engraved on stone tablets –
Twelve Tabletsplaced in Forum
could marry patricianshold office
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1. Test tomorrow – Study the study guide!
2. CE due tomorrow (Europe)3. think-tac-Toe due 29th
4. Timeline chapters 8 & 9 (25 events)
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLVnFEXnHB8
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpJ_o0UXuO4
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8/23/13
EQ – How did the Roman Empire develop?
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Rome’s Government
• Senate – 300 men controlled public funds, political appointmentsdetermined foreign policyacted as courtmost important of the three branches
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Assembly of Centuries –name from military formation
193 members170 infantry18 cavalry5 civilians
Most were farmers.
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Assembly of Tribes- made from citizens from
the 35 tribes.Plebeians controlled this branch
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Every adult male had to serve in the army when needed.
No permanent armylegion – 4,500 – 6,000 men
Legionariessupported by cavalry
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Legions divided into smaller groups called centuries.
80 + 20 = 100
Well trained army
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Discipline was strict – harsh punishments
could not run for public office unless served in army 10+
years
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By the 4th century BC Rome dominated central Italy.
By 265 BC Rome controlled nearly all of Italy.
Rome had different laws or treatments for different people.
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All Latins were given full citizenship.
Northern territories were not given the right to vote
(Etruscans)
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Most conquered groups fell into a category called Allies of
Rome.
Rome promised not to interfere in gov’ts, as long as they
provided troops, paid taxes, no alliance with enemies of Rome.
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CARTHAGE
• One of Rome’s strongest enemies was Carthage.
• Located on peninsula of North African coast.
• Colony of Phoenicians• Competed with Rome for Med. Trade• Punic Wars 264 BC – 146 BC• 3 battles or wars
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1st Punic War lasted 26 years. 264 – 241 BC
Over control of Sicily& western Med. Sea
Rome won
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNgUUrcOzlU&feature=related
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kszvqU1eYZs
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezpn8xH_XHI
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Monday 8/26/13
What were some of the reasons for the collapse of the Roman
Empire?
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2nd Punic War began in 218 BC29 – Carthaginian general
Hannibalbrilliant strategist
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He wanted to avenge Carthage’s early loss.
Attacked Rome from the north50,000 infantry9,000 cavalry
60 elephants - Spain
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Instead of a head-on attack Hannibal wanted to surprise the
Romans with a risky move.
He marched across southern Spain, into France and toward
the Alps.
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Hannibal’s plan was to cross the Alps and enter Italy from the
north.
He lost half his army during this march.
Will reach Po Valley.
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For the next 15 years he roamed northern Italy defeating
Roman armies.
Then a Roman General named Scipio came up with a plan.
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He sent a fleet to attack Carthage; knowing Hannibal
would be summoned to defend the city.
Scipio’s army waited for Hannibal just outside Carthage
at a place called Zama.
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The Battle of Zama occurred in 202 BC and Hannibal was
defeated.
This defeat cost Carthage it’s colonies in Spain.
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During the 2nd Punic War Macedonia had been an ally of
Carthage. Out of revenge Rome started a war with
Macedonia and defeated them in 197 BC.
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Now the Greek city-states were under Roman control.
The 3rd Punic War was fought over gold and silver mines in the Spanish colonies Carthage had
just lost to Rome.
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The natives of the region did not welcome Roman rule and they revolted. It took the Romans
years to subdue them.
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Meanwhile in Rome, some of the soldiers who had fought against Hannibal were in the Assembly of centuries now.
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They began to push for a total defeat of Carthage. Finally in
149 BC Rome declared war on Carthage and by 146 BC Carthage was completely
destroyed.
Rome became the major power in the western Med. Sea.
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1. Think-Tac-Toe due Thur2. Terms chap 10 & 11
due tomorrow3. Headings chap 10 (15) due
today
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-Nh-zSMzqo
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Tue - 8/27
What were some of the reasons for the collapse of the Roman
Empire?
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Many of the small farmers were loosing their farms because
they could not pay their taxes. They were being told to leave and fight and while they were
away their lands would be confiscated for back taxes.
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Two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were among
the 1st to try and bring reforms.
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Tiberius was one of the 10 Tribunes in 133 BC. He knew some of the senators had been using their power to confiscate farmers land for their own use.
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So Tiberius limited the amount of land officials could use and he moved many poor farmers from the cities (moved there
looking for jobs) to public land and put them back to work
farming.
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Tiberius was eventually murdered.
Gaius became a Tribune in 123 BC and he tried to increase the
power of the Assembly of Tribes.
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He used public funds to buy grain and then sold the grain to
the poor at a low cost.
Helped the poor, but drained Rome’s treasury.
Gaius was also killed.
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In 60 BC a military leader named Julius (Caesar) joined forces with Crassus, a wealthy
Roman, and Pompey – a popular general.
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With their help Julius was elected consul in 59 BC.
For the next 10 years these 3 men ruled Rome as a
Triumvirate.
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After his one-year term as a consul; Julius Caesar became
Governor of Gaul.
Led his army on several successful campaigns.
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Gaul grew to become what is present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western
Switzerland, and parts of the Netherlands and Germany.
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He won his men’s loyalty and devotion.
Meanwhile Crassus will die, and Pompey will become jealous of
Caesar’s popularity.
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Caesar and Pompey will lead Rome into a civil war which Caesar will eventually win.
In 46 BC Caesar will be appointed Dictator by the
senate.
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Later Caesar will be given the title: Dictator for Life.
Absolute ruler, but did bring reforms for the people.
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Created jobs for the poor.Started colonies where people
without land could now own land.
Began to pay soldiers.
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Senators became jealous of Caesar.
Marcus Brutus & Gaius Cassiusstabbed to death in senate chamber March 15, 44 BC.
This threw Rome into another civil war, and it never really recovered.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2PH1lBJwhw
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyq8uWvpbt4
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Wed - 8/28
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• What legacy did Diocletian leave the Roman Empire?
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After Julius Caesar’s deathcivil war – destroyed the Roman
Republic
Octavian – 18, adopted sonMark Antony – general
Lepidus – powerful politician
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43 BC Second triumvirate
ended in jealousy and violenceOctavian forced Lepidus to
retireMark Antony became enemy
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Fighting in Anatolia – met Queen Cleopatra of Egyptaccused of plotting against
Romecivil war
Octavian wins
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Octavian becomes the unchallenged ruler of Rome
Augustus“exalted One”
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For the next 200 years Rome was ruled by various emperors.
In 284 AD Diocletian became the new emperor.
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He was a harsh ruler but he did restore order and doubled the size of the Roman army and
tried to fight inflation by setting prices for food.
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Empire grew under Diocletian’s rule, and he decided it was too
big for just one man to rule.
Divided the empire into 2 sections in 285 AD.
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Greek-Speaking East
• Greece• Anatolia• Syria• Egypt
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Latin-Speaking West
• Italy• Gaul• Britain• Spain
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Diocletian kept control of the Greek-Speaking East, and shared power in the Latin-
Speaking West with his 1st in command - Maximianus.
He retired in 305 AD, and another civil war broke out.
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Constantine will gain power of the western empire in 312 AD.
In 324 AD he gained control of the eastern empire .
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In 330 AD he moved the capital from Rome to the Greek city of
Byzantium; in what is now Turkey.
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The city was a center for trade and the empires wealth grew.
The city was later named Constantinople.
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Timeline (20 events) chapters 10 and/or 11.
Due Today!!
Think-Tac-Toe and CE due tomorrow.
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Fri – 8/30/13
What were some of the reasons for the collapse of the Roman
Empire?
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After Constantine’s death the empire was divided again and in
370 AD a group of Mongols from central Asia invaded.
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They pushed some Germanic tribes into Gaul.
The Germanic tribes moved through Gaul, Spain and North
Africa.
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Meanwhile the Huns united under one ruler in 444 AD.
He was Attila. Also called Attila the Hun.
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Attila will invade both empires and plunder 70 cities.
He will never be able to take either capital though.
Rome or Constantinople
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Attila will die in 453 AD, but the Germanic tribes continue to
invade.
The empire will last another 1,000 years, but fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 AD.
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Test 2 will be Wed 9/4