Unit 1 – Basic Safety – Guided Notes – PP25.0.0 ELEVATED WORK AND FALL PROTECTION

• Falls are classified into two groups: falls from an_______________, and falls from the________ __________

• Falls from elevated areas account for about one-third of all fatalities in the construction trades.

• Any opening in a wall or floor is a safety hazard. These openings can be guarded or they can be covered.

• Railings are used across wall openings or as a barrier around floor openings to prevent falls.

• Warning barricades alert workers to hazards but provide no real protection.

• Warning barricade tape colored ______means danger and ___ _____can enter. _________signifies caution and allows entry. A ___________and __________sign is used to indicate a radiation hazard.

• Protective barricades give both a visual warning and protection from injury. No one should be able to get past a protective barricade.

• Blinking lights are placed on barricades to increase night visibility.

Common Types of Barricades

• One of the main pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) used to prevent falls and protect workers who do fall is the personal fall arrest system (PFAS).

• A PFAS consists of a body harness, ______________, lifeline, connecting devices, and anchor points.

• Your PFAS should be inspected _____________by a competent person.

Safety Harness Lanyard

• When donning a safety harness, the D-ring or support point on the harness should be placed to the rear, between your______________ ____________.

• To ensure that the right lanyard is used with the harness, you must know the height of the elevated work surface, the length of the lanyard, and the maximum length of the lanyard’s shock absorber.

6.0.0 LADDERS AND STAIRS

• Every ladder has a _______________ ____________ ________that is established by the manufacturer. That load includes people, equipment, and materials that may be on the ladder at the same time.

• Exceeding the maximum intended load can cause the ladder to fail. Ladders usually have a duty rating that indicates their load capacity

Table 2 Ladder Duty Ratings and Load Capacities

• Ladder types include portable ______________ladders, ______________ladders, and stepladders.

• When a ladder is being used, ________-point contact must be maintained at all times.

• Straight ladders used in construction are made of _______or______________. Metal ladders conduct electricity and must not be used around electrical equipment or wiring.

• Ladders must be kept dry. Even wooden ladders will ____________electricity when wet.

• Ladders should always be inspected before use. Make sure the rails and rungs are not damaged and that the safety feet are securely attached.

• A straight ladder must be placed at the proper angle before use. (Fireman’s Check)

• The distance between the foot of a ladder and the base of the structure it is leaning against must be __/__ of the distance between the ground and the point where the ladder touches the structure.

• If you are going to step off a ladder onto a platform or roof, the top of the ladder should extend at least __ ft above the point where the ladder touches the platform or roof.

• Ladders should be secured at the bottom and top to prevent accidental movement.

• Keep _________hands on a rail when climbing a ladder, and always face ___________the ladder.

• Do not carry tools while climbing a ladder; use a _______ ________or tag line.

• Do not carry tools while climbing a ladder; use a _______ ______or tag line.

• An extension ladder is two straight ladders connected so the length can be adjusted.

• The rung locks must support the entire weight of the load, so they must be carefully inspected before each use.

• The highest safe level on an extension ladder is the ______rung below the top. Never stand above this level.

• .

• Inspect a stepladder before use to make sure the spreaders are in good repair and the rungs are clean. Because they are flat, the rungs can accumulate grease and dirt.

• Make sure all four feet are on a hard, even surface and the spreaders are locked in place.

• The most important rule is to __________stand on the top step of a stepladder. Your knees should never be higher than the top of the ladder. Also, never put your weight on the rear of the ladder.

• Stairways are also routinely used on construction sites where there is a break in elevation of ____” or more, and no ramp, runway, sloped embankment, or personal hoist is provided.

• Stairways should be kept free of debris to reduce the chance of slips or falls.

• OSHA requires that at least five ______ - ________of light be available in stairways.

• Scaffolds provide safe elevated work platforms for people and materials.

• Two basic types of scaffolds are commonly used in construction: manufactured scaffolds, and rolling scaffolds.

• Scaffolds are made of painted steel, stainless steel, or aluminum.

• Some scaffolds are equipped with wheels so they can be moved. The wheels have brakes to lock them in place while the scaffold is in use.

• OSHA regulations provide for a system of tags to show the status of scaffolding.

– A _________tag means the scaffold is okay for use.

– A _____________tag means the scaffold can only be used with a safety harness and lanyard because it lacks some safety feature.

– A _______-tagged scaffold may not be used because it is being assembled or taken down.

• Scaffolds should be carefully inspected before use, even if they have a green or yellow tag. Make sure the weight of people, equipment, and materials does not exceed the weight limit of the scaffold.

• If a scaffold is more than ____’ high, it must have top rails, midrails, and toeboards, and all connections must be pinned.

• _________-___________ is also required, and the work area must be completely __________.

• A competent person must inspect a scaffold before it can be used.

• Struck-by accidents rank along with caught-in accidents as the second highest cause of construction-related deaths.

• Highway workers on foot are at risk of being run over by equipment or crushed by equipment that tips over.

• Equipment operators are often killed when their equipment _______ _________.

• When operating a vehicle on a job site, look to the rear and sound the horn when backing up. If your vision is blocked, get a _____________to direct you.

• When working near moving vehicles, wear ______________ or high-visibility garments and never get into blind spots where you are not visible to an equipment operator.

• Workers on construction sites are at risk from falling objects. Avoid standing ___________any load on a crane or lift, and wear a hard hat at all times.

• Use________________, debris nets, catch platforms, or canopies to catch or deflect falling objects.

• To prevent stacked material from falling over, never stack material higher than a 4:1 height-to-base ratio.

• Flying objects on a job site can be caused by tasks such as chipping, hammering, or grinding.

• Protect yourself from flying objects by using ______ _________and by using tools equipped with the proper guards or shields.

• Congested work sites, heavy equipment, and multiple trades can contribute to caught-in-between hazards.

• Construction workers often have to work in trenches or excavations, where cave-ins and falling objects are common hazards. There are specific safety rules governing such work.

• An excavation is any man-made-______, cavity, trench, or depression formed by the removal of earth or soil.

• A trench is an excavation that is ___________than it is wide, and usually not wider than 15’.

Hazards involved with trench and excavation work include:

– _______-___

– Water accumulation

– ___________ objects

– Collapse of nearby structures

– Hazardous atmospheres

• Cave-ins are the most common and deadly hazard in excavation work. Most occur with little warning in trenches ______ to _______’ deep.

• Soil type is a key factor in determining the type of protective system necessary to ensure a safe trench. There are four types of soil classifications.

• To be safe, treat soil as if it is type ____ soil unless proven otherwise.

• Trenches and excavations must be inspected at least ___________by a ____________person in order to determine if a cave-in or other failure could occur.

• In situations where sloping & benching can’t be used _______or shielding must be used to prevent cave-ins.

• Almost all tools and machines used in construction are equipped with _________ that protect workers from rotating parts.

• It is important that guards be in place at all times that the machine is operating. Never attempt to operate a machine with the guard bypassed or removed.

• All workers in the construction trades use electrically powered equipment and tools and work around live electrical circuits and conductors. Failure to work safely in this environment can result in death for you or a co-worker.

• Less lethal electrical accidents can result in________, electrical shock, explosions, fires, and _______caused by electrical shock.

• Electricity will flow through any conductive substance, including the _________ ______. If you are grounded and touch a live electrical circuit, the electrical current can flow through your body, and may kill you.

• Be sure to use ________-wire cords and receptacles. The third wire prevents electrical shock by passing current to ground in case a power tool’s insulation fails. Never cut off or bypass the grounding pin.

• Use a ________ ________ ________ _____________ (GFCI) and/or an assured grounding program with every power tool.

• Grounding protects employees by providing a low-resistance path to the earth to prevent the buildup of voltages that could present a hazard.

• With an assured equipment-grounding conductor program, each cord set, attachment cap, plug & receptacle of cord sets, & any equipment connected by cord & plug, must be visually inspected _____ ______before use.

• A GFCI is designed to instantaneously interrupt power if it senses a current to ground. GFCI outlets should be used to plug in tools and other electrical devices at the job site.

• Never use _____or ________ cables, and make sure all light bulbs have guards to prevent accidental contact.

• A ________/_________ (LOTO) system protects workers from hazards created by a variety of sources such as electrical, chemical, and hydraulic systems.

• In a lockout/tagout (_______) system, the hazardous operating systems are disabled or drained, and then tags and locks are placed on switches, valves, and other control devices to prevent operation.

• Typically, each lock has a key that is held by the person who placed the lock. No one should ever attempt to operate any device that has a lock on it.

• ____________ ____________ ___________and ___________ ___________may be open during construction, exposing live conductors and terminals.

• The safe working distance from exposed conductors may be from a few feet to a few inches, depending on the ______________. You must check to determine the safe working distance in each situation.

• If someone is receiving a shock, immediately _______________the circuit.

• Do not __________the victim if the circuit cannot be disconnected. Call an ambulance.