cpmpertproblems2-140303004444-phpapp01

Problems on C.P.M &PERTProblem1:

An assemble is to be made from ‘2’ parts ‘x’ a d ’y’. Botha parts must be turned a lathe. ‘y’ must be polished whereas ‘x’ need not be polished. The sequence of actives, to gather with their predecessor s given below.

Activity Description Predecessor activity

A Open work order -

B Get Material for X A

C Get material for Y A

D Then X on lathe B

E Then y on lathe B,C

F Polish Y E

G Assemble x and y D,F

H Pack G

Draw a net work diagram of activities for project.

Solution:

Problem-2: Listed in the table are the activities and sequencing necessary for a maintenance job on the heat exchanging.

1

1 6

53

4

2 87

F

A

C

E

B D

G H

Dummy

Activity Description Predecessor

A Dismantle pipe connections

-

B Dismantle heater, closure, and floating front

A

C Remove Tube Bundle B

D Clean bolts B

E Clean heater and floating head front

B

F Clean tube bundle C

G Clean shell C

H Replace tube bundle F,G

I Prepare shell pressure test

D,E,H

J Prepare tube pressure testAnd reassemble

I

Draw a net work diagram of a activities for the projects.

Solution:

Problem-3: Listed in the table are activities and sequencing necessary for the completion of a recruitment procedure for management trainees (µt) in a firm.

2

5

109

6

8

7

3

4

21

CA

B

I

E

G

D

F

HJ

Solution:

Activity Description Predecessor Activity

A Asking units for recruitments

-

B Ascertaining management trains(MTs) requirement for commercial function

A

C Asserting MTs requirement for Account/finance functions

A

D Formulating advertisement for MT(commercial)

C

E Calling applications from the succedfull conditions passing through the institute

B

F Calling application s from the successful conditions passing through the institute of chartered Accounts (ICA)

C

G Releasing the advertisement

D,E

H Completing applications received

G

I Screening of applications against advertisement

H

J Screening of applications received from ICA

F

K Sending of personal forms I,J

L Issuing interview/regret letters

K

3

M Preliminary interviews L

N Preliminary interviews of outstanding candidates from ICA

J

O Final inter view M,N

Draw a network of activities for the project.

Solution: the net work diagram for the given project.

PROBLEMS ON CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM):

PROBLEM-1: A project has the following times schedule

Activity 1-2 1-3 2-4 3-4 3-5 4-9 5-6 5-7 6-8 7-8 8-9 8-10 9-10Time in weeks

4 1 1 1 6 5 4 8 1 2 1 8 7

Construct CPM Network and compute.

I. TE and TL for each event.II. Float for each activity

III. Critical path and its duration.

SOLUTION:

4

1

864

3 14

13

12

11

10975

2

B

A

C

D R

O

M

L

K

H

G

E

N

F J

I

The net work is constructed as given in diagram.

FORWARD PASS CALUCLATION: BACKWARD PASS CALUCLATION:

I. The tail event ( and head event ( ) computed on the network as follows

5

4

6

5

7

8

9

3

2

1

10

4

1

1

1

5

6

8

4 1

28

7

1

=18

=17

=15

=15

=1

=7

=4

=11

=25

=5

, i=2, 3

= =Max {5, 2} =5

, i=6, 7

= =Max {12, 17} =17

, J=9, 10

= =MIN {17, 17} =17

, J=6, 9

= =Min {7, 12} =12

=1

=11

=15

=17

=25

=18

=0

EVENT

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 4 1 5 7 11 15 17 18 25

0 12 1 13 7 16 15 17 18 25

CRITICAL PATH:

Activity(i.j)

(1)

Duration of time (

)

(2)

Earliest timeStarting

( )

Finishing time

( )

(3) (4)=(3)+(2)

Latest time Starting Finishin

g

(5)=(6)-(2) (6)

Total float timeT-F=

(7)=(5)-(3)1-2 4 0 4 8

128

1-3 1 0 1 10 11 102-4 1 4 5 12 13 83-4 1 1 2 12 13 123-5 6 1 7 6 12 54-9 5 5 10 13 18 85-6 4 7 11 12 16 55-7 8 7 15 7 15 06-8 1 11 12 16 17 57-8 2 15 17 15 17 08-9 1 17 18 17 18 08-10 8 17 25 8 0 99-10 7 18 25 8 0 10

CRITICAL PATH ACTIVITIES:

From the above table we observe that the activities 5-7, 7-8 and 8-9 are critical activities as their total float is zero. Hence we have the following critical path.

6

5-7, 7-8 and 8-9 8+8+7=25

Problem-2: The following table gives activities of duration of construction project work.

ACTIVITY 1-2 1-3 2-3 2-4 3-4 4-3DURATION 20 25 10 12 6 10

a) Draw the network for the project.b) Find the critical path.

Solution:


7

44 55

33

22

11

=30

=46

=20

=36

25

20

6

12

1010

, i=2, 3

= =Max {32, 36} =36

, J= 3,4

= =Min {20,14} =20

=30

=0

Activity(i.j)

(1)

Duration of time (

)

(2)


( )

Finishing time

( )

(3) (4)=(3)+(2)


g

(5)=(6)-(2) (6)


(7)=(5)-(3)1-2 20 0 20 0 20 01-3 25 0 25 5 30 52-3 10 20 30 20 30 02-4 12 20 32 24 36 43-4 6 30 36 30 36 04-5 10 36 46 36 46 0

From the above table we observe that the activities 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and4-5 are critical activities as their total float is ‘0’. Hence we have the following critical path 1-2-3-4-5 with the total project duration is ‘46’ days.Problem-3:

Find the critical path and calculate the slack time for each event for the following PERT diagram.

Solution:


8

44

66

55

77 88 9933

22

11

2

1

4

8

5

3

2

5

4

5

1

3

, i= 4,3

= =Max {10, 4} =10

J= 1

= =Min {12}

= = {10} =10

= = {11} =11

= = {8} =8

, J= 3,7

= =Min {2,3} =2

=0

These values can be represented in the following network diagram.

Activity(i.j)

Duration of time (


( )

Finishing time


g


9

, J= 2, 3, 4

= =Min {5, 0, 6} =0

44

66

55

77 88 99

22

11

2

1

4

8

5

3

2

5

4

5

1

3

33

=15

=11

=7

=8

=2

=10

=7

=11

=1

=1

=11

=11

=15

(1) )

(2)

( )

(3) (4)=(3)+(2)

(5)=(6)-(2) (6)

(7)=(5)-(3)

1-2 2 0 2 5 7 51-3 2 0 2 0 2 01-4 1 0 1 6 7 62-6 4 2 6 7 11 53-7 5 2 7 3 8 13-5 8 2 10 2 10 04-5 3 1 4 7 10 65-9 5 10 15 10 15 06-8 1 6 7 11 12 57-8 4 7 11 8 12 18-9 3 11 14 12 15 1

[PERT]In the net work analysis it is implicitly assumed that the time values are

deterministic or variations in time are insignificant. This assumption is valid in regular jobs such as

i. Maintenance of machine.ii. Construction of a building or a poweriii. Planning for production.

As these are done from time and various activities could be timed very well

However in reach projects or design of a gear box of a new machine various

Activities .are based on judgment. A reliable time estimate is difficult to get because the technologies is changing the job? the pert approach taxes into account the uncertainties associated with in that activity.DEFINATIONS:

1. OPTIMISTIC TIME: the optimistic time is the shortcut possible time in which the activity can be finished. It assumes that everything goes very well. This is denoted

by ‘ ”

2. MOST LIKELY TIME; the most likely time is the estimate of the activity would take. This assumes normal delays. If a graph is plotted in the time of completion and the frequency of completion in that time period than the ‘most likely time ‘will

represent the highest frequency of a occurrence. This is denoted by “ ”.

3. PESIMISTIC TIME; the ‘pessimistic time’ represents the longest time the activity could take if everything goes wrong. As in optimistic estimate. This value may be

such that value. This is denoted by ‘ ”

These 3 types’ values are, shown in the following diagram in order to obtain these values; one could use time values available similar jobs. But most of the time the

10

estimator may not be so fortunate to have this data. Secondary values are the functions of manpower, machines and supporting facility .A better approaches would be to seek opinion of experts in the field keeping in views the resources available, this estimate does not take into account such natural catastrophes as fire etc.

In pert calculation all values are used to attain the percent exportation value.4.EXPECTED TIME; the ‘expected time’ is average time an activity will take if it were to be reported on large number of times and it is base on the assumption that the activity time follows ‘Bets distribution’. This is given by the formula

=( )

5. VARIANCE: the variance for the activity is given by the formula

Where

= the pessimistic time. =the expected time.

Frequency

OTime

Problem-1: for the project represented by the network diagram, find the earliest time and latest times to reach each node given the following data.

11

Optimistic time

Most likely time

Pessimistic Time

TASK A B C D E F G H I J KLEAST TIME 4 5 8 2 4 6 8 5 3 5 6

GREATEST TIME

8 10

12

7 10

15

16

9 7 11 13

MOST LIKELY TIME

5 7 11

3 7 9 12

6 5 8 9

SOLUTION;

First we calculate the expected time ‘ ‘by the formula “ = ( ) as follows

Task Optimistic

time(

Pessimistic

time(

Most likely time

(

Expected time

(

A 4 8 5= = 5.3

B 5 10 7= 7.2

C 8 12 11= 10.7

D 2 7 3= 3.5

E 4 10 7= 7

F 6 15 9= 9.5

12

44 6

6

55 7

7

88

99

22

11

33

AB

DF

G

E

H

G J

KC

G 8 16 12= 12

H 5 9 6= 6.3

I 3 7 5= 5

J 5 11 8= 8

K 6 13 9= 9.1

Now the earliest time expected time for each note are obtained by taking sum of the

expected times for all the activities leading to node i, when more than one activity

leads to a node i, the maximum of is called.


TASK A B C D E F G H I J KLEAST TIME 4 5 8 2 4 6 8 5 3 5 6

GREATEST TIME

8 10 12 7 10 15 16 9 7 11 13

MOST LIKELY TIME

5 7 11 3 7 9 12 6 5 8 9

13

=0+5.3=5.3

=max {12.5,10.4} =12.5

=max {13,19.5} =19.5

= = 24.5

= = 25.9

, J= 3,7

= =Min {19.5,19.5} =2

= = 12.5

= 19.5

2.5

=25.8

=34.9

=0

=32.5

Estimation Time

5.3

7.2 10.7

3.5

7 9.5 12 6.3

5 8 9.2

These calculations are may be arranged in the following table.

NODE SLACK(

1 5.3 5.3 5.3 02 3.5 3.5 10.0 6.53 7.2 12.5 12.5 04 7 19.5 19.5 05 6.3 25.8 25.8 06 5 24.5 24.5 07 9.1 34.9 34.9 08 8.0 32.5 32.5 0

PROBLEM-2: A project has the following characteristics

ACTIVITY 1-2

2-3

2-4 3-5

4-5

4-6 5-7 6-7 7-8 7-9

8-10

9-10

MOST OPTEMESTI

1 1 1 3 2 3 4 6 2 5 1 3

14

4 6

5 7

8

9

2

1

3

A(5.3)B(7.2)

D(3.5)

G(12)

E(7)

H(6.3)

I (5) J(8)

K(9.1)C(10.4)

F=9.5

=32.5

=34.9

=24.5

=3.5

=19.5

=5.3

=25.8

=12.5

TIME(a)MOAST PESSIMESTIC TIME(b)

5 3 5 5 4 7 6 8 6 8 3 7

MOST LIKELY TIME(m)

1.5 2 3 4 3 5 5 7 4 6 2 5

Construct a PERT network. Find critical path and variance for each event find the project duration as 95% probability. SOLUTION: Activity expected times & their variances are computed by the following formula

Expected time ( ) = ( ). V=

Activity a b 4m

V

1-2 1 5 6= =2

4/9

2-3 1 3 8= 2

1/9

2-4 1 5 12= 3

4/9

3-5 3 5 16= 4

1/9

4-5 2 4 12=

1/9

4-6 3 7 20= 5

4/9

5-7 4 6 20= 5

1/9

6-7 6 8 28= 7

1/9

7-8 2 6 16= 4

4/9

7-9 5 8 24= 6.16

1/9

8-10 1 3 8= 1

1/9

9-10 3 7 20 5

4/9

15

88

99

22

33

11

10

10

1

3

56 11

=139/6

=139/6

=4

=8


The longest path is 1-2-4-6-7-9-10 can be traced. This is known as critical path.PROBLEM ON PROJECT CRASHING:

The following table gives data on normal time, and cost crash time and cost for a project

Activity NormalTime (weeks) Cost(Rs/-)

CrashTime (weeks)

Cost(Rs/-)

1-2 3 300 2 4002-3 3 30 3 302-4 7 420 5 5802-5 9 720 7 8103-5 5 250 4 3004-5 0 0 0 0

16

44

55

66

1

12

2

3

4 3

=17

=127/6

=17

=17

=10

=169/9

=169/9

=5

77

=2

=0+2=2

=max {13,17} =17

-2=

, J= 8,9

= =Min {19.5,17} =17

= = 10

= = 12

= = 5

=0

5-6 6 320 4 4106-7 4 400 3 4706-8 13 780 10 9007-8 10 1000 9 1200

Indirect cost is 50/- per week.

Draw the network diagram for the project and identify the critical path.What is the normal project duration associated cost?Find out the total float associated with each activity.Crash the relevant activities systematically and determine the optimal project completion time cost.

Solution:

17

44

6655

77

88

2211

33

10

7

3

96

5 13

4

3

=32

=32

=22

=22

=6

=7

=12

=3

=18

=10

=0

0

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