cps3

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Day 1 Chapters 1 through 8

Day 2 Chapters 9 through 17

Day 3 Chapters 18 through 20Sections from Chapters 21 through 26

Co Course Agenda u

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About the Course

Chapter 1 Chapter 1

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•Access data created in GeoFrame•Access and display the different data in CPS3•Load and Display ASCII Data•Create Basemaps•Understand and choose gridding parameters•Create Displays of geological grid models•Perform surface logic & math operations•Execute pre-defined macros•Edit surfaces, faults and data with Model Editor•Create custom palettes with Color Palette Editor•Perform simple map editing

O Objectives

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GulFaks Training Data

Cha Chapter 2

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• Location Data• 2D Locations• 3D Locations• Well Locations, and Paths

• Interpretation Data• 5 Horizons

• Fault Segments• Property Grids• Lease Polygons• ASCII files

Data Inventory Data Inventory

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Introduction to GulFaks GeoFrame Project

Chapter 3 Chapter 3

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Project location

North Sea

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Well Locations

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Fault Patterns

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Reservoir Geometry

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Introduction t Introduction to GulFaks Project o

CPS3 Project

GeoFrame 4.0.4

CPS3 Project

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Introduction to GulFaks Project n to GulFaks Project

CPS3 Project

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Editing Project Parameters g Project Parameters

CPS3 Project

metric

European 1950, Norway & Finland

UTM

Int24

CPS3 Project

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Changing “Time” M Changing “Time” Measurement

Units = metric

Time = ms

Metric

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Reviewing Reviewing Coordinate System of the Project

Datum : European 1950, Norway & FinlandEllipsoid : Int24Projection : UTMUTM Zone : 31Hemisphere : Northern Tg

CPs3 Project

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CPS3 Capabilities

Ch Chapter 4

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Starting CPS3 Starting CPS3

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CPS3 Main ModuleCPS3 Window Info

C CPS3 Main Windows PS3 Main Windows

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Icons Definitions

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Main Module - modeling and mapping tools

Map Editor - simple graphic editing of map sets

Model Editor - comprehensive grid and data editing

Color Palette Editor - customize/ create palette

CPS3 Independent Modules pendent Modules

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Map Editor

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Model Editor

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Color Palette Editor

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Note: Open “Tools” to see other modules

CPS3 I CPS3 Independent Module Locations

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Control Point Editor – interactive spreadsheet editor for Data SetsUtilities > Sets > Edit Data Sets

Subset Reorganizer – a fault management toolUtilities > Sets > Set/Subset Reorganizer

Map Layer Manager – tool for reorganizing graphic layers of a map

CPS3 CPS3 Data Management Tools Tools

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Control Point Data Editor Utilities > Sets > Edit Data Set

Managing Data g Data

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Set-Subset Reorganizer Utilities > Sets > Set/Select Reorganizer

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Managing Data Managing Data

Map Layer Manager

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Unix Environment

User>show Environment

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• Execute CPS3 & Remove all data components•Utilities > Sets > List_Manage Sets•Select all CPS3 files and delete

• Import Supplementary Data Files•File > Import > Project•Select Coordinate System•Click = by Directory•Type directory location of data

Ex Exercises

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File > Import > Project

Importing Supp Importing Supplementary Data files

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CPS3 / GeoFrame Integration

Chapter 5

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• CPS Data Storage Library (dsl) & GF Storage• Controlling Data Storage and Retrieval• Accessing GF Data through Data Links

• Geographic Coordinate System • every set created in CPS3 must be associated with a coordinate system which has been defined in GeoFrame

Status of Status of CPS3 in GeoFrame 4.x CPS3 in GeoFrame 4.x

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CPS3 Set Types

Ch Chapter 6

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Data Sets - contains information to be gridded or displayed such as well markers, siesmic interpretation and scatter data; - data with “.dcps” extension.

Fault Sets - in GeoFrame terminology, are called fault boundaries; - data with “.fcps” extension.

Polygon Sets - define some cartographic mapping feature or a region within which an operation is to be performed; - data with “.pcps” extension.

Surface Sets - are grids in CPS3 with only z-value stored in each grid node; - data with “.scps” extension.

Map Sets - a picture file which are saved; - data with “.mcps”

Set T Set Types

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Loading Location Data

Chap Chapter 7

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• Through ASCII Loading

• CPS GeoFrame Link

Loading Loading Data Data

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1. Open an Xterm and “cd” to CPS3 dsl. CPS3 dsl can be determined from the CPS3 Main Module under: User > Show Environment 2. Read (more) the file “mm_2d_gulfaks_shtp.dat. Note that the file contains only LineName, SP, and X, Y coordinates

3. Read (more) the file “charis_2d_nav.dat”. Note that the file contains more information.

Exercise: Vi Exercise: View 2D Navigation “ASCII” Data “

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Main Module > File > Import > ASCII > Extended DataInput Filename : charis_2d_nav

Exercise: Loading 2D Navigation Data Navigation Data

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Exercise: Loading 2 Exercise: Loading 2D Navigation Data D Navigation Data

Final Configuration / Output

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Main Module > Utilities > Sets > View Contents/Statistics

Viewing S Viewing Statistics

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1. Load the file “mm_2D_gulfaks_shtp.dat as Extended Data (same way it was done previously. Output Name : mm_gulfaks_shpt

Number of records to skip : 0 File contains only : Line, SP, X and Y

2. Display the data just loaded Display > Basemap > Data > select filename > OK Display parameters: a) select a solid colored line b) symbol size = 0 c) No Text

Exercise: Exercise: Load 2D Navigation Data

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Display 3D navigation data Display > 3D Surveys > gulfaks_north Display parameters: a) select all Inlines b) Set increment = 10 c) Choose all items for display, except the following

Tick marks Line Names Location Symbols

Exercise: Exercise: Display 3D Navigation Data

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Main Module > Tools GeoFrame Link

Exercise: Loading Well Locations and Well Path Using GF Link ell Locations and Well Path Using GF Link

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Loading W Loading Well Locations ell Locations

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Exe Exercise: Loading Well Locations and Trajectories and Trajectories

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Exe S Exercise: Check Statistics and Display Data

Check Statistics of loaded dataUtilities > Sets > View contents/Statistics

Select Data sets : Well_Location_wbloc Well_Location_wtloc Boreholes_Depth_wpath

Display Loaded DataCreate a display environment Display > Create Environment > Copy/Compute > Data > mm_2d_gulfaks_shtpDisplay Well Locations and Trajectory Display > Basemap > Data > mm_3d_gl_survey Display > Basemap > Data > mm_3d_85acip_survey Display > Basemap > data > mm_3d_offset_survey Display > Basemap > Data > mm_2d_gulfaks_shpt Display > Basemap > Data > well_locations_wtloc

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Set Selection, Creation and Management

Cha Chapter 8

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Utilities > Sets >List/Manage Sets

Se Set Selection t Selection

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Utilities > Sets > Copy

Set CreationSet Creation

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Utilities > Sets > Rename

Renaming Sets

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Utilities > Sets > Delete

Deleting SetsDeleting Sets

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Main Module > Utilities > Sets > View Contents/Statistics

V Viewing Statistics

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Defining the Display Environment and Examining Data Coverage

Cha Chapter 9 9

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Definition of Ma Definition of Mapping Environment Components Environment Components

• Name and optional Description• Usage Classification (Modeling or Display)• Volume of Interest VOI• Geographic Coordinate System• Definition of horizontal and vertical units• Definition of horizontal and vertical scale factors• Definition of vertical property code ( Depth or Time).• For Modeling operations – definition of grid geometry

Display Environment – for display purposes only and does not contain the definition of a grid geometry.

Modeling Environment – It has a defined grid geometry needed to perform modeling operations.

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Display > Display Functions > Set Background Color

Exe Exercise: Setting Background Color Color

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Exercise: Exercise: Creating Display Environments

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Exercise: Creating Display Environments Environments

Parameters:Name : GullFaks_OverviewRemarks : 2d and 3d Survey AreasEnvironment Creation Method : Copy/Compute Action : Copy Set Limits Set Type : Data = mm_2D_gullfaks_shtpt Horizontal Scale : Map Mode = Direct Map Scale = 635

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Exercise Exercise: Post the 2D and 3D Locations Locations

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Exe Exercise: Enlarge Current Display Window Current Display Window

Select the current display environment, modify the Y-minimumto be 6,779,000.0 – to be able to display the whole 3D surveys.

Redisplay the 3D surveys which are now totally displayed.

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Label Setting

Preparing a L Preparing a Location Basemap

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Scale Bar Setting

Map Title Setting

S Scale Bar and Map Title

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Exercises Exercises

1) Display 3D Survey Locations •mm_3d_85acip_survey •mm_offset_survey •mm_3d_g1_survey

2) Display 2D Seismic Line Posting•2d_gullfaks_shtpt

3) Move the relative position of the map layer4) Post Borehole Locations5) Post Bottom Hole Locations6) Save the Display as a Map Set (Gullfaks_Overview)7) View Entire Basemap (reveal all graphics)8) Create a Larger Display Environment Which Covers Entire Map (Gullfaks_Better_Overview)9) Delete Old Display Environment10) Removing/Replacing Map Layers

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Accessing and Displaying Interpretation and Well Markers

Cha Chapter 10 10

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Accessibility Accessibility of Seismic Components of Seismic Components

3D Seismic interpretation – stored as grids and is directly visible

2D Interpretation – stored as Data and must be loaded into CPS3

Fault Cuts – not directly visible in CPS3 and must be loaded

Fault Contacts – needs to be loaded into CPS3

Fault Polygons – directly visible as Fault sets

Seismic Attributes – stored as grids and directly visible

2D Locations – needs to be loaded into CPS3

3D Locations – as visible and can be posted in CPS3

Cartography in IESX – can be imported into CPS3

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Containers = HorizonsRepresentations = Markers

Interpreted Markers:BUNNKRITTDRAKENESSRANOCHTARBERT

Output Markers:BUNKRITT_DepthDRAKE_DepthNESS_DepthRANNOCH_DepthTARBERT_Depth

Exercise: Load W Exercise: Load Well Markers with GF Link Markers with GF Link

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ExeExercise: Examine Data Statistics

Horizon Depth rangeTarbert : 1781 – 2389Ness: 1712 – 2400

Well Markers Depth RangeTarbert: 1766 - 2052Ness: 1753 - 2096

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Exercise Exercises: Rename Faults and Remove Z-Value -Value

Rename Faults:Rename mm_Ness fault to NessRename mm_Tarbert fault to Tarbert

Remove Z-Values from the 2 FaultsCopy both faults to “polygon”Copy them back to “faults”

View Statistics of Both Faults to verify no z-value

Display both faults

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Vie View Data Sets for Gridding w Data Sets for Gridding

Bunnkritt Interpretation Grid Set – unconformity surfacemm_BUNNKRITT_50x50_Depth_intrp

Tarbert Interpretation Grid Set mm_TARBERT_Depth_intrp

Ness Interpretation Grid Setmm_NESS_Depth_intrp

Rannoch and Drake Interpretation Grid Sets

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Ch Chapter 11

Gridding Fundamentals

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What is Gridding ?

How to prepare for Gridding

Data Inspection

Determining Grid Cell Size

Choosing the Gridding Algorithm

How to setup the Gridding Parameters - Convergent Gridding

Types of Data

Well Derived Data

2D Seismic Data3D Dense Data

3D Decimated Data

CPS CPS3 Gridding Concerns 3 Gridding Concerns

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Gridding - process of transforming randomly locatedor other data into a regularly spaced lattice of values representing the z-dimension of the x, y, and z data

Quality Check of a good Grid Model:a) Contours are consistent with data pointsb) Contours are reasonablec) Contours are what was expectedd) Relatively smoothe) Follow established trends

W What is Gridding? hat is Gridding?

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Grid Terminology

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A) Convergent – Very stable, fast and accurate , general purpose algorithm.

CPS3 CPS3 Gridding Algorithms

• Every step reduces both the grid cell size and radius of influence for each control point, until the surface is tied to the data.

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B) Contour to Grid - optimized to honor digitized contour data

C) Least Squares - for computing a best-fit to scattered data points

D) Moving Average - for computing an average fit to scattered data

E) SNAP - to grid dense data or for fitting data into an existing grid

F) Isopach - treats zero values as surface limits

CPS3 CPS3 Gridding Algorithms

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G) Trend - for computing data trends

H) Polynomial - for computing fixed value grids as polynomial functions of X and Y

I) Step - for use in producing lithology, soil or variable hydrocarbon contact maps

J) Distance - used to quantify the spatial distribution of the data points.

K) Density - used for modeling data distribution

CPS3 Grid CPS3 Gridding Algorithms

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2D Seismic Data

• Final Interval - same as shotpoint spacing.• Initial Interval - 0.5 the distance between the 2 furthest-apart “contiguous lines.• Number of Nodes to SNAP - 16

Line Decimated 3D

• Final Interval - 0.5 to 0.25 the distance between lines• Initial Interval - distance between lines.• Number of Nodes to SNAP - 4

Con Convergent Gridding Parameters

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Dense 3D

• Final Interval - Depending on gridding time, and storage space• Initial Interval - same as final interval• Number of Nodes to SNAP - 1

Con Convergent Gridding Parameters

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Shadow Points

How do faults affect gridding

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Ch Chapter 12

CPS3 Gridding Parameters

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Selecting Selecting the (Final) Grid Spacing the (Final) Grid Spacing

Rules of Thumba) half the distance between 2 closest pointsb) half the distance between the 2 closest points whose difference needed to be distinguished

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Dense I Dense Interpretation Using ASAP

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Note: Line decimated interpretation

Decimated Seismic Decimated Seismic Data Data

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Combination Combination of Line Decimated and ASAP

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Set Modeling Environment and Compute Horizon Grids

Chap Chapter 13

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Define Mode Define Modeling Environment ling Environment

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Creating Modeling Environment

Parameters: Name: gullfaks_gridding Environment Creation Method: Data Extents > Pick Sets > mm_Tarbert_Depth_intrp X,Y Min/Max X-min = 453,700 Y-min = 6,784,500

X-max = 459,600 Y-max = 6,792,100 X,Y Increment = 50Column Count = 119Row Count = 153Property Code = DepthZ Units = meters

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Gridding the Horizons (Bunnkritt) g

A) Grid the Bunnkritt Unconformity Parameters: Input Data/Grid = mm_BUNNKRITT_50x50_Depth_intrp 2nd Input = mm_BUNNKRITT_Depth_wmrkr Fault & Polygon = Toggle OFF Algorithm = SNAP No. of Nodes to SNAP = 1 Output Grid = (New) Bunnkritt Storage = CPS Surface (Container) Type = Horizon ; BUNNKRITTB) Modeling Environment = gullfaks_griddingC) Display the Bunnkritt Contours Display > Contours

Note: Extrapolation to the edges is not done, Regrid with the following parameters: Gridding Algorithm = Convergent Starting Grid Interval = 200

Nodes to Snap = 16

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Gridding the Horizons (Tarbert)

A) Grid the Tarbert Parameters: Input Data/Grid = mm_TARBERT_Depth_intrp 2nd Input = mm_TARBERT_Depth_wmrkr Fault Set = mm_Tarbert Polygon = Toggle OFF Algorithm = Convergent Initial Interval = 300 Advanced Parameters Nodes to Snap to = 16 Output Grid = (New) Tarbert Storage = CPS Surface (Container) Type = Horizon ; TarbertB) Modeling Environment = gullfaks_griddingC) Display the Tarbert Contours Display > Contours

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Gridding the H Gridding the Horizons (Regrid Tarbert)

A) Delete Irrelevant Faults Utilities > Sets > Subsets > Delete > Fault > mm_Tarbert Delete Subsets 3 (F7a_D), 9 (F15a), 10 (F6) , and 12 (F6a)B) Re-Grid the Tarbert Parameters: Input Data/Grid = mm_TARBERT_Depth_intrp 2nd Input = mm_TARBERT_contour_intrp Fault Set = mm_Tarbert Polygon = Toggle OFF Algorithm = Convergent Initial Interval = 500 Advanced Parameters Nodes to Snap to = 16 Output Grid = (New) Tarbert Storage = CPS Surface (Container) Type = Horizon ; TarbertB) Modeling Environment = gullfaks_griddingC) Display the Tarbert Contours Display > Contours

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Gridding the H Gridding the Horizons (Display Tarbert)

A) Smoothing Operations > Grid > Smooth Convergent Threshold = 2%B) Blanking Tarbert Fault Zones 1) Copy faults as polygon

Utilities > Sets > Copy Polygon name = mm_Tarbert 2) Blank inside faults using polygon

Operations > Grid > BlankInput Grid = TarbertPolygon (input) = mm_TarbertCalculation Mode = Inside only

C) Display the Tarbert Contours Display > Contours

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Gridding the Gridding the Horizons (Final Regrid - Tarbert)

A) Re-Grid the Tarbert Parameters: Input Data/Grid = Tarbert Fault Set & Polygon = Toggle OFF Algorithm = Convergent Initial Interval = 200 Advanced Parameters Nodes to Snap to = 16 Weight Function = Deterministic Damping = Moderate Output Grid = (New) Tarbert Storage = CPS Surface (Container) Type = Horizon ; TarbertB) Associate Fault Boundaries with Horizon Utilities > Sets > Associate_Set_With_GridC) Display Contours

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Grid Gridding the Horizons (Ness)

A) Grid the Ness Parameters: Input Data/Grid = mm_Ness_Depth_intrp 2nd Input = mm_Ness_Depth_wmrkr Fault Set = mm_Ness Polygon = Toggle OFF Algorithm = Convergent Initial Interval = 400 Advanced Parameters Nodes to Snap to = 16 Output Grid = (New) Ness Storage = CPS Surface (Container) Type = Horizon ; NessB) Modeling Environment = gullfaks_griddingC) Display the Ness Contours Display > Contours

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Contouring, Colorshading and MoreBasemapping

Ch Chapter 14

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Understanding Graphic Size Parameters

Text size on the screen is directlyproportional to the plot size of yourmap.

Note:A) if map size is bigger than screen, CPS will re-size text to fit screen proportionally.B) If map size is smaller thanscreen, then text size defined in parameters will display as it is.

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Note: Useful for highlighting contacts betweenfluids such as OWC, OGC

Con Contouring Singe Z-Value touring Singe Z-Value

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Display > Contours Contouring Parameters

Color Color Shaded Contours Shaded Contours

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Color S Color Shaded Contours

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Display > ContoursContouring Parameters

Contouring Contouring

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Display > ContourMap Quality = 0

Con Contour Quality tour Quality

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Note the slight difference in smoothness of contour lines

Con Contour Quality Display tour Quality Display

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Display Color Bar play Color Bar

Display > Color-shading Pallete

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C Chapter 15

Demonstrate Inverse Interpolation and Control Point Arithmetic

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Exercise: Display Ness_tops e: Display Ness_tops

Display > Basemap > Extended Data > Ness_topsDisplay Parameters:

Symbol parameters = toggle onSymbol Code = 30z1 = toggle onText1= toggle on

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Exercise: Exercise: Compare Ness Grid and Ness_tops Data Set Compare Ness Grid and Ness_tops Data Set

Inverse InterpolationOperations > Control Point > Interpolate from Grid to Data

Grid = NessPolygon = toggle to NullData Set = Ness_topsResults to new Z Field = toggle onSelection = grid_value

After execution, view statisticsUtilities > Sets > View_Contents_Statistics

Click = List ContentsToggle On = DataSelection = Ness_top

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Ex Exercise: Use Control Point Arithmetic toompute Difference PArithmetic to Compute Difference

Operation > Control Point > Control Point Math Data = ness_tops Algebraic Expression = @z2-@z1 Results to new Z Field = toggle on Selection = errorView Statistics in Status Window

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Ch Chapter 16

Fault Surfaces

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Fault Surfaces t Surfaces

Fault Surfaces are needed in Volumetric calculations if theyact as bounding surfaces or limits of the reservoir.

Whether Faults are sealing or not, it is better to create a fault surface and calculate the reservoir volume bounded by the fault (s).

Fault Surfaces are also used in Geological Modeling.

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Exercises: Load Fault Segment (Cuts) through GF Link

Data TypesContainers = FaultsRepresentations = Fault Cut Sets

GeoFrame DataVertical Domain = DepthSelections = F2, F4

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E Exercises: Inspect Fault Data Points and Create Fault Grids

Display Faults to view them

Creating Fault Grids using a macro a) In an Xterm, delete data set name “macwork” in CPS directory b) Macros > Execute > Show System Macros > Fault Gridding c) use “GridFault.mac” d) Select Data Set = F2_depth e) Output = F2_fault f) Enter an slm … = 2500 g) repeat for fault F4_depth

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e Exercises: Establishing Set Attributes for the Fault Surface

Utilities > Sets > List_Manage_Sets > F2_fault > IToggle on = Replace allSurface = FaultSurface Name = “F2”Property Code = DepthZ-Units = meters

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Chap Chapter 17

Visualizing Relationships Among Surfaces with Cross-Sections

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A) Determine if the Ness and Tarbert Surface CrossOperations > Grid > Multiple_Grids > C=A-B where C=diff, A=Ness, B=TarbertOutput surface=Ness_conformedOutput Boundary=Ness_overlaps

B) Conform the Ness Grid to the Tarbert Grid where they overlap using the macro “Conform_to_Upper.mac Macros > Execute > Show System macros >

Conform_to_Upper.macUpper Surface = TarbertLower Surface = NessOutput Surface = Ness_conformedOutput boundary = Ness_overlaps

C) Associate the fault set, mm_Ness with the grid Ness_conformed

Utilities > Sets > Associate_Set_with_GridD) Smooth the output grid

Operations > Grid > SmoothInput Grid = Ness_conformedFault = mm_NessPolygon = nullOutput Grid = nullSmoothing Operator = BiharmonicMax # Passes = 1

Exercises

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Digitize Profile Baselines Display Environment = gullfaks_gridding Display Boarder with Labels, label inc. = 2000 Display Fault Set = mm_Tarbert Digitize > Polygon > Screen digitizing > New Polygon set name = Baselines Surface Type = Unknown Append = off Echo = off Closed polygon = No Digitize Polygons Polygon subset name = Upper_EW ; Location at Y=6790150 Polygon subset name = Lower_EW ; Location at Y=6786200 Polygon subset name = UL_to_LR

Exercises: Examining Relationships among Horizons and Faults

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Digitize > Polygon > Screen digitizing > New Polygon set name = Baselines Surface Type = Unknown Append = off Echo = off Closed polygon = No Digitize Polygons Polygon subset name = Upper_EW ; Location at Y=6790150 Polygon subset name = Lower_EW ; Location at Y=6786200 Polygon subset name = UL_to_LR

Creating X-Section Lines

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Establish Z-scale Attribute in Display Environment X-section (horizontal scale) = 100 ; Direct Scale X-section (vertical scale) = 50 ; Direct ScaleDisplay Cross-sections Display > 2D Xsection Primary Options XSection Method = Quick Polygon/Baseline = Baselines Extract Method = Baseline Method Method = Simple Baseline Method Selected Grids = Bunnkritt, Tarbert, Ness, F2_fault, F4_fault Secondary Options XSection Type = Normal/Standard XSection Mode = Prohibit: Clip … Invert Z-axis = On Set General Display Parameters Large Text Size = 2.0 Small Text Size = 0.1 Symbol Size = 0.2 Vertical Profile Limits > Axis Limitation = XSections

Create Profile Display

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X-section (horizontal scale) = 100; Direct ScaleX-section (vertical scale) = 50; Direct Scale

Preparing Display Environment

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Display > 2D XSection

Primary Options

XSection Method = QuickPolygon/Baseline = BaselinesExtract Method = Baseline MethodBaseline Method = Simple Selected Grids = Bunnkritt, Tarbert, Ness, F2_fault, F4_fault

Exercise: XSection Display

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Secondary Options XSection Type = Normal/Standard XSection Mode = Prohibit: Clip … Invert Z-axis = On Set General Display Parameters Large Text Size = 2.0 Small Text Size = 0.1 Symbol Size = 0.2 Vertical Profile Limits > Axis Limitation = XSections

Exercise: Secondary Options

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Chapter 18

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A) Top Structural Envelope

1) Identify the top of the interval for which the isochore is to be computed

2) Merge intersecting grids to come up with a single top surface

B) Bottom Structural Envelope

1) Identify the bottom of the interval for which the isochore is to be computed

2) Merge intersecting grids to come up with a single bottom surface

C) Zero-Line in Isochores should be preserved to maintain size or reservoir

Recommended Sequence for Computing an Isochore for Volumetrics

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For the Top:-

1- Merge Tarbret with the Unconformity.

2- Merge the result with the GOC.

Merge the result with F4_fault.

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For Bottom:-

1- Merge F2_fault with Ness.

2- Merge result with OWC.

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Prepare the Tarbert/Ness Envelopesand Create the Gross Isopach

Chapter 19

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Create 2200m and 2100m Fluid ContactsModeling > Single Surface

Data/Grid = nullAlgorithm = Constant Z ValueZ Value = 2200 ; Name = ow_2200Z Value = 2100 ; Name = go_2100

Create Top Envelope by Merging Tarbert and Bunnkritt surfaces

And Gas/Oil Contact (go_2100) and F4 fault.Merge Tarbert with Bunnkritt using “Toplap” macro

Macros > Execute > Show System Macros > Toplap.mac

Horizon = TarbertUnconformity = BunnkrittOutput Grid = Tarbert_Bunnkritt (new)Boundary = Tarbert_Bunnkritt (new)

Exercise: Create Top Envelope for Tarbert/Ness Interval

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Merge Result with Gas/Oil Contact Macros > Execute > Show System Macros > ClipTop_at_GO.mac

Top Envelope= Tarbert_Bunnkritt GOC Grid = go_2100Output Grid = Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100 (new)Boundary = Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100 (new)

Merge Result with F4 Fault Macros > Execute > Show Project Macros > a_SealTop.mac

Top Envelope = Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100Fault Grid = F4_faultOutput Grid = Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100_F4 (new)Boundary = Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100_F4 (new)

Exercise: Create Top Envelope for Tarbert/Ness Interval

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Create the Base Envelope by merging Ness Horizon, Oil/WaterContact (ow_2200) and F2 Fault

Merge Ness with O/W Contact Macros > Execute > Show System Macros > ClipBASE_at_OW.mac

Base Envelope = NessOWC grid = ow_2200Output grid = Ness_2200 (new)Boundary = Ness_2200 (new)

Merge Result with F_2 Fault Macros > Execute > Show Project Macros > a_SealBase.mac

Fault Grid = F2_faultHorizon or Base = Ness_2200Output Grid = Ness_2200_F2 (new)Boundary = Ness_2200_F2 (new)

Exercise: Create Base Envelope

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Subtract base envelope from top envelope to calculate isochore Operations > Grid > Multiple_Grids > C=A-B where C = Gross_Isochore

A= Ness_2200_F2 B= Tarbert_Bunnkritt_2100_F4

Display Contours above zero (Start Contour Interval = 0)Save Contours as Mapset = PayZone

Exercise: Compute Isochore

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Merging mm_Ness and mm_Tarbert Fault Boundaries Utilities > Sets > Copy > Fault Select Faults = mm_Ness, mm_Tarbert

Name = Ness_Tarbert (new)Container = UnknownCopy the Set

Display Sets Display > Basemap > Fault > Ness_Tarbert

Preparing fault traces for Gross Thickness Grid

Exercise: Fault Traces

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Applying Reservoir Properties to the Gross_Isochore for Oil in Place

Chapter 20

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Workflow for computing properties in ResSum:• Load well logs• Create Geological markers for the 2 horizons either in WellPix or through ASCII Load• In WellPix, define a lithozone between 2 surfaces and

establish a Zone Version• In ResSum, calculate the ratios and property average

for the layer.

ResSum Properties used in Volumetric Calculations: Net Thickness, Gross Thickness, Net Porosity, Net Pay Water Saturation

Note: each property value for a particular zone version is sitting in the middle and not at the top or base.

Origin of Property Data

Oil in place=Gross Isochore Volume*NtG*Poro*Saturation.

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Tools > GeoFrame Link >Load From GeoFrame > Zones > Zone VersionIn Zone Version = Formation

Lithologic Layers = TarbertModel Name = CPS3_IntroProperty Version = ResSum_Output_3Highlight the following : Net/Gross_Thickness_Ratio,

Net_Reservoir_PorosityNet_Pay_Water_Saturation

Index = TVDNote: This shows how to import property values. For the course, the following property values will be used: mm_Tarbert_Ness_Porosity

mm_Tarbert_Ness_Wsatmm_Tarbert_Ness_Net-gross

In Utilities > Sets > Manage-Sets, change attributes to: Surface = Rock Feature

Surface Name = TarbertAppropriate Property Code

Exercise: Load Zone Properties from GF

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For sparse data, below is a suggested technique to Grid property data using Convergent Gridding

a) Use a small initial grid size to extrapolate close to the data points.Use faults in the first gridding to make sure values are not taintedfrom other fault blocks.

b) Copy the output Grid to “Data”, and grid the data to output a“weighted average” solution in extrapolated areas.

c) Display Line Contours of “Gross_Isochore” and save as map called“PayZone”

Create Property Grids

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A) Make sure that all property grids are defined within the area of the Gross isochore.

B) Make sure that none of the grids have flat, zero or negative areas. It is OK to blank outside the gross isochore but no property grid should be negative anywhere

QC Considerations for Property Grids

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Modeling > Single SurfaceData = mm_Tarbert_Ness_PorosityAlgorithm = ConvergentFault = Ness_TarbertPolygon = Toggle offInitial Interval = 250Advance Parameters

Order of Projection = First (uses Linear Slope ProjectionWeight Function = Satistical (spread weight evenly)Z_Limiting_Mode = Smooth ClipZ_min = 0.1Z_max = 0.8

Output Grid Name = mm_Tarbert_Ness_Porosity

Display output, use fast color shading

Exercise: Grid the Porosity (Property) Data – First Pass

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a) Copy property grid “mm_Tarbert_Ness_Porosity” to Porosity b) Modeling > Single Surface

Data = PorosityAlgorithm = ConvergentFault = toggle offPolygon = toggle offInitial Interval = 500Advance Parameters

Order of Projection = ZeroWeight Function = Uniform

Output Grid Name = Porosity c) Display output, use fast color shading and post the mapset “PayZone” on top.

Exercise: Grid the Porosity (Property) Data – Second Pass

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Modeling > Single SurfaceData = mm_Tarbert_Ness_net-grossAlgorithm = ConvergentFault = Ness_TarbertPolygon = Toggle offInitial Interval = 250Advance Parameters


Output Grid Name = mm_Tarbert_Ness_net-gross


Exercise: Grid the Net-Gross (Property) Data – First Pass

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a) Copy property grid “mm_Tarbert_Ness_net-gross” to Net-Gross b) Modeling > Single Surface

Data = Net-GrossAlgorithm = ConvergentFault = toggle offPolygon = toggle offInitial Interval = 500Advance Parameters


Output Grid Name = Net-Gross c) Display output, use fast color shading and post the mapset “PayZone” on top.

Exercise: Grid the Net-Gross (Property) Data – Second Pass

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Modeling > Single SurfaceData = mm_Tarbert_Ness_WSatAlgorithm = ConvergentFault = Ness_TarbertPolygon = Toggle offInitial Interval = 250Advance Parameters


Output Grid Name = mm_Tarbert_Ness_WSat


Exercise: Grid the Water Saturation (Property) Data – First Pass

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a) Copy property grid “mm_Tarbert_Ness_WSat” to Saturation b) Modeling > Single Surface

Data = SaturationAlgorithm = ConvergentFault = toggle offPolygon = toggle offInitial Interval = 500Advance Parameters


Output Grid Name = Saturation c) Display output, use fast color shading and post the mapset “PayZone” on top.

Exercise: Grid the Water Saturation (Property) Data – Second Pass

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Compute for the Net_Isochore Grid Operations > Grid > Multiple Grid > C=A*B where C = Net_Isochore A = Gross_Isochore B = NetGross

Display contours with following parameters: Start Contour level = 0 Increment between contours = 10.0

Exercise: Compute Net Isochore Grid

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Compute for Net Pore volume Operations > Grid > Multiple Grid > C=A*B where C = Net_Pore_Volume A = Net_Isochore B = Porosity

Exercise: Compute Net Pore Volume

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Operations > Grid > Formula (CPS3 Formula Processor) Formula Editor : C=A*(1.0-B) Click “Scan” to confirm formula Formula Variable Definition For C (NULL), type = Net_Pay For A (NULL), associate to = Net_Pore_Volume For B (NULL), associate to = Saturation Click “Calc”; Conformal Limiting = No Click “Save” = Net_Pay_Formula.frm Display file “Net_Pay” contour starting from “0” contour level

Exercise: Compute Net Pay Grid

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File > Import > ASCII > Polygon > mm_north_leases.ply Output name = Lease Assign Input/Output Parameters > Read/Write an ASCII File

Close Polygon = YesCalculation Mode = Inside OnlyRecord Type = XYFormat = Ordered Input/Output

Display Polygons Display > Basemap

Toggle Boarders & LabelsToggle Polygons = Leases

Exercise: Load Lease Polygons

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Operations > Volumetrics Input Grid = Net_Pay Faults = Ness_Tarbert Polygon = Leases

Volumetric Calculation Parameters Volume Algorithm = Full Refinement Reference plane elevation = 0.0 Scale Factor for all area results = meter2 =>acres Scale factor for all volume results = m2m =>MMBL Don’t do slice volume = toggle on First Polygon to use = 1 Number to use = All

Exercise: Computing OIP

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Integrated Results Above the Horizontal Reference Plane: Volume = 42.1967 MMB Flat Area = 579.826 acres Surface Area = 579.927 acres

Note: results probably may slightly vary due to multitude of steps required to get to this point

Results of Volumetric Calculation

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Editing Exercises

Chapter 21

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Model Editor – Typical Workflow

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1) Start Model Editor ( Tools>Model Editor )Load surface set with relevant fault sets Generate surface contour lines.2) Identify the area needed to be edited

Typical Workflow

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3) Edit the contours, data points, faults, polylines, as needed4) Set an edit window to enclose all modifications5) Regrid the area defined by the edit window6) Recalculate contours to match the contours of the regridded node values, if the regridding reached the desired results7) Repeat steps 2-6 as needed until satisfied with the entire surface8) Save the results

Typical Workflow

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a) It is better to edit all the data and regrid the entire surface in CPS3 Main Module

b) Model Editor is designed to do small local edits to simply clean up grids

c) Edit each area independently and setting the smallest regridding are Possible

d) Save your grid often

e) Try to finish all data and fault edits before moving to surface edits

Model Editor – Tips on Gridding

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Map Editor

• Tools>Map Editor

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Input the following values:

Color Values

R=1, G=1, B=0

Color Index for Z value

1=1860, 21=1460

Interpolate

Starting=1, Ending=21

Toggle on R, G, B & Z interpolation

Click “Go”

Save as “Yellow_1.pal


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Display any surface in colorshaded contour using Yellow_1color palette


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cps3

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