cpw23

Pour Rfrence P&WC Uniquement

1. SCOPE

1.1 PurposeThis specification covers the engineering requirements and the visual acceptance standardsfor resistance welds between parts, including parts with foil-backed porous sheet abradablematerials.

1.2 DescriptionResistance welding is a group of welding processes that produces coalescence at theoverlapping surfaces of a joint by the heat obtained from resistance to the flow of electriccurrent through the workpieces from electrodes that serve to concentrate the welding currentand pressure at the wel ing is considered separately fromseam welding; seam we ng roller type electrodes.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUThe following publicatio he extenotherwise specified the t specified herein; unlessd area. Stitch (overlapping-spot) weldlding is considered to be welding usi

MENTSns form a part of this specification to tlatest issue shall apply.the French and the English versions thereof, P&WC and the Supplier agree the English version.

RESISTANCE WELDINGSPOT, STICH, SEAM AND

PROJECTIONthat such conflict or inconsistency shall be resolved by giving precedence to

SOUDAGE PAR RSISTANCEPAR POINTS, EN LIGNE CONTINU

PAR POINTS, LA MOLETTE ET PAR BOSSAGESpcificationSpecification

For P&WC Reference Only

Rvision :Revision:

Rvise le:Revised:

mise le :Issued:

Page: 1 de/of 22

AVERTISSEMENT - Le prsent document appartient Pratt & Whitney Canada Cie. (P&WC). Il est dfendu de dtenir, d'utiliser, de reproduire ou dedivulguer quelque information y figurant, pour quelque motif que ce soit - y compris pour la conception, la production ou la rparation de pices -, oud'obtenir une homologation FAA ou autre, sans l'autorisation expresse et crite de P&WC. La rception ou l'entre en possession du prsent documentne correspond nullement une autorisation, quelle que soit la source dudit document. La possession, l'usage, la reproduction ou la divulgation parquiconque sans l'autorisation expresse de P&WC sont formellement interdits et pourraient entraner des poursuites en vertu du code criminel ou du codecivil.WARNING - This document is the property of Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. (P&WC). You may not possess, use, copy or disclose this document or anyinformation in it, for any purpose, including without limitation to design, manufacture, or repair parts, or obtain FAA or other government approval to doso, without P&WCs express written permission. Neither receipt nor possession of this document alone, from any source, constitutes such permission,use, copying or disclosure by anyone without P&WCs express written permission is not authorized and may result in criminal or civil liability.

P&WC et le Fournisseur ont expressment exig que la prsente spcification ainsi que tout document indiqu en rfrence soient rdigs en langueanglaise. Si une version franaise de la prsente spcification ou de tous documents connexes a t transmise au Fournisseur et quil y a conflit et/oudiscordance entre les versions franaise et anglaise, P&WC et le Fournisseur conviennent quun tel conflit et/ou quune telle discordance devront trersolus en donnant priorit la version anglaise.P&WC and the Supplier have expressly requested that this specification and any documents referenced hereto be written in the English language. In theevent that a French version of such specification or documents has been provided to the Supplier and there is a conflict and/or inconsistency between

CPW 23T

2004-02-18

1958-05-12

Fournisseur de lIngnierie pour .................Engineering Source for...............................

Fournisseur agr - contrle de lIngnierieQualified Source - Engineering Control

Fournisseur agr - contrle de laboratoireQualified Source - Laboratory Control

Directives additionnellesSpecification Supplement

Fiche signaltique obligatoireMaterial Safety Data Sheet Reqd.

AucunNone of the above

CPW 23 2Revision: T2.1 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. DocumentsAvailable from Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. (P&WC), 1000 Marie-Victorin, Longueuil,Qubec, J4G 1A1.

2.1.1 CPW Specifications

2.1.2 Material Technology and Laboratory Manual (MCL Manual)

2.1.3 AWS PublicationsAvailable from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Standard Welding TermsThe definitions given in the AWS Welding Handbook shall apply, unless otherwise specified.

Definitions listed below apply to terms specifically used in this standard. The equivalentFrench term is given in parentheses.

3.1.1 Ball Tack Welding (Soudure de pointage avec bille)A method of positioning parts of an assembly in proper alignment with the aid of a metallic ball,spot welded to two adjacent components.

3.1.2 Coalescence (Coalescence)The fusing together of the materials being welded to form one body.

3.1.3 Contacting Overlap (Recouvrement en contact)That portion of the surface of one part that is located over the surface of an adjoining part andis in contact with it.

3.1.4 Crack (Fissure)

CPW 24 Welding - Arc, Gas, Electron and Laser BeamCPW 100 Control of Material Processes and Parts - Laboratory Requirements for

Tests, Controls, Reports and Procedures for Source Qualification.CPW 435 Cleaning of Titanium Alloys.CPW 543 General Requirements for Visual Inspection.

Section YC-1 Miscellaneous Controls and Qualifications - Resistance WeldingSection YC-3 Miscellaneous Controls and Qualifications - Fusion Welding

AWS Welding HandbookANSI/AWS A2.4 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestructive

Examination.CAGE CODE 00198

A fracture type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and high ratio of length and depth toopening displacement (width).

CPW 23 3Revision: T3.1.5 Curved Residual Interface (Interface rsiduelle courb)A residue of the joint interface in the nugget where it deviates from the original plane.

3.1.6 Discontinuity (Discontinuit)An interruption of the typical structure of a weld, such as a lack of homogeneity in themechanical, metallurgical or physical characteristics of the material or weldment. Adiscontinuity is not necessarily a defect.

3.1.7 Edge Distance (Distance du bord)Distance from the centre line of a weld to the edge of the part.

3.1.8 Faying Surface (Surface de contact)The surface of a member which is in contact or in close proximity to another member to whichit is or about to be joined.

3.1.9 Foil (Feuille mince)Sheet metal with a thickness less than 0.010 inch (0.25 mm).

3.1.10 Heat Tint (Coloration thermique)Coloration of the weld surface ranging from a light straw to a deep purple.

3.1.11 Incipient Melting (Liquidation)Grain boundary melting, emanating from the nugget into the heat affected zone.

3.1.12 Nugget (Noyau)The cast weld metal zone joining the parts in spot, stitch, seam or projection welds.

3.1.13 Projection Welding (Soudage par bossages)A resistance welding process that produces coalescence by the heat obtained from theresistance to the flow of welding current. The resulting welds are localized at predeterminedpoints by projections, embossments or intersections.

3.1.14 Residual Interface (Interface rsiduelle)A residue of the joint surfaces in the weld nugget.

3.1.15 Resistance Seam Welding (Soudage par rsistance la molette)A resistance welding process that produces coalescence at the faying surfaces of overlappedparts progressively along the length of the joint. The weld may be made with overlapping weldnuggets or a continuous weld nugget. The welds are made using roller type electrodes.

3.1.16 Resistance Spot Welding (Soudage par rsistance par points)A resistance welding process that produces coalescence at the faying surfaces of overlappedparts by the heat obtained from the resistance to the flow of welding current through theworkpieces from electrodes that serve to concentrate the welding current and pressure at theweld area.

3.1.17 Resistance Stitch Weld (Soudure continue par points)CAGE CODE 00198

A weld made by overlapping spot welds.

CPW 23 4Revision: T3.1.18 Resistance Welding (Soudage par rsistance)A group of welding processes which produces coalescence of the faying surfaces ofoverlapped parts with the heat obtained from resistance of the work and the work interfaces tothe flow of electric current in a circuit of which the work is a part, and by the application ofpressure.

3.1.19 Surface Burning (Brlure superficielle)A blackened, scaly appearance of the weld indentation and adjacent metal due to excessiveheat.

3.1.20 Tack Weld (Soudure de pointage)A weld made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignment until the final welds are made.

3.1.21 MTE&QMaterials Technology Engineering & Quality Group.

3.1.22 SPDGP&WC Special Process Development Group.

4. SYMBOLSThe nugget size, spacing, extent and other fabrication information relating to welds will bespecified by standardized symbols placed on the drawing. These symbols are described inANSI/AWS A2.4 and in 4.1 and 4.2. Symbols may be supplemented by notes giving additionalinformation.

4.1 Stich Welding The symbol for stitch welding will be the standard spot welding symbol with an S enclosed byparentheses and placed to the right of the spot weld symbol above the reference line.

4.2 Nugget Size Nugget size will always be enclosed in parentheses.

5. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Weld SchedulesWeld schedules, necessary for the production of welds having nugget sizes no smaller thanthose specified on drawings by corresponding welding symbols and supplementary notes,shall be established by making and testing of not less than twenty five consecutive spot weldsor 12.5 inches (317 mm) of stitch or seam weld prior to welding parts. Weld schedules shallinclude all details of the machine set-up and all welding parameters. Control test specimensshall be cut from material of the same or equivalent specification numbers and the samenominal thickness, and cleaned in the same manner as the parts represented and should,when practicable, approximate the shape of a section of the part represented. Contactingoverlap in the control test specimens shall not be greater than the contacting overlap in thepart represented. Control shall be in accordance with MCL Manual Section YC-1.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 5Revision: T5.1.1 Screen or StrainerControl test specimens for schedules for screen or strainer elements shall be shear tested.

5.1.2 A and B TestsOnce established, weld schedules shall be verified by the fabrication and testing of specimenssimilar to the control test specimens at the beginning and end of a production run, designatedA and B tests. When applicable, intermediate test specimens, designated as Ax, must besubmitted at intervals of every two hours. Non-operational breaks are not counted as intervaltime. Deviation to this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG or MTE&Q, without reviewby Quality Review.

5.1.3 Machine SettingThe heat input (phase shift) setting shall not be changed by more than 10% and any othermachine setting shall not be changed by more than 5% of the value established for theparticular welding schedule. Should it become necessary to change the settings by more thanthese values, a new weld schedule is required. Deviation to this requirement can bedispositioned by SPDG or MTE&Q, without review by Quality Review.

No changes to machine settings are permitted after acceptance of an A test and beforesubmission of a B test.

5.1.4 Production RunA production run is defined as the consecutive welding of a group of parts without interruption,carried out under one weld schedule without a machine failure, a machine shutdown, set up,or electrode change. Deviation to this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG or MTE&Q,without review by Quality Review.

5.1.5 Seam WeldingThe motor speed control for seam welding is a reference setting only, and is determinedaccording to the number of spots per inch on the control test piece (5.4.2).

5.1.6 Stitch WeldingThe A and B tests and the production run shall be carried out by the same operator. Deviationto this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG to MTE&Q, without review by QualityReview.

Thickness combinations falling within the following limits shall not require separate weldschedules provided the nugget size can be produced with a heat input (phase shift) settingthat lies within 10% of the value established by the original schedule, all other conditionsbeing the same:a) Foil

The variation in thickness (with regard to the original schedule) of the outer sheet shall bewithin .001 inch (0.03 mm) and the variation in the summed thickness of all sheets shallbe within .003 inch (0.08 mm).

b) Sheet (outer) up to .040 inch (1.02 mm) InclusiveThe variation in thickness of either outer sheet shall be within .004 inch (0.10 mm) andthe variation in the summed thickness of all sheets shall be within .006 inch (0.15 mm).CAGE CODE 00198

c) Sheet (outer) over .040 inch (1.02 mm)

CPW 23 6Revision: TFor aluminum and magnesium alloys the variation in thickness of either outer sheet shallbe within 10%. For materials other than aluminum and magnesium, the thickness ofeither outer sheet shall be within 20%. The variation in the summed thickness of allsheets shall be within 10%.

5.2 Procedure

5.2.1 CleaningSurfaces to be welded shall be cleaned free from objectionable protective coatings, dirt,grease, oil and other foreign materials, and as free as practicable from oxides, except that afilm of light oil may be left on surfaces of parts made of carbon or low alloy steel. The final stepin removing oxides from aluminum and aluminum alloys should preferably consist of chemicaltreatment as soon as practicable before assembling and welding. Wire brushes, if used forcleaning corrosion resistant steels and corrosion and heat resistant alloys, shall have bristlesof austenitic corrosion resistant steel. No undesirable deposit or residue from cleaningoperations shall remain on surfaces to be welded.Cleaning of titanium alloys shall be carried out in accordance with P&WC SpecificationCPW 435.

5.2.2 Weld TypeThe type of weld specified by the symbols shown on the drawing or any supplementarydocument shall be made using the schedule established in 5.1. Where the drawing specifiesthat an overlapping spot (stitch) weld is required, a seam weld may be substituted. Theinverse does not apply.

5.3 Properties and Tolerances (Unless Otherwise Specified on Drawing)

5.3.1 Nugget Size

5.3.1.1 Spot WeldsAt the beginning of a production run, the effective nugget diameters of individual spot welds,as measured at each interface in the joint, shall not be smaller than values specified on thedrawing. At the end of a production run, the nugget diameter of individual spot and projectionwelds as measured at each interface joint shall not be less than that specified in Table 1 orTable 1, or the values specified on the drawing, whichever is smaller (See Figure 8).

5.3.1.2 Seam and Stitch WeldsWhen the effective nugget size of seam and stitch welds is specified, it shall, as measured ateach interface in the joint, not be lower than that specified on the drawing at the beginning of aproduction run. The above requirements shall be met at any point along the length of the weld.At the end of a production run, the nugget size shall not be less than that specified in Table 1or Table 1, or the values specified on the drawing, whichever is smaller. The aboverequirements shall be met at any point along the weld (See Figure 8).

5.3.1.3 Projection WeldsAt the beginning and at the end of a production run, the nugget size shall conform to thedrawing requirements.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 7Revision: T5.3.2 PositioningWelds shall be centred on the overlap (A) or shall be located as specified on the drawingwithin .060 inch (1.52 mm), (see Figure 1). Edge distance (B) shall not be less than one-halfof the minimum overlap (A/2), or shall be specified on the drawing. Edge distancerequirements (B) are waived when finished parts are cut from rings which have beenpreviously welded all around. Test pieces not welded in accordance with this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG orMTE&Q without review by Quality Review.

Distance B shall be measured from the center of the weld.The center of the weld shall beconsidered to be in the center of the electrode indentation.

Figure 1: Spot, Stitch and Seam Welds

Spacing between individual spot welds in a row and between rows of spot welds shall bewithin .060 inch (1.52 mm) of the spacing required by the drawing (See Figure 2). Testpieces(B Test) not welded in accordance with this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDGor MTE&Q without review by Quality Review.

Figure 2: Spot WeldsCAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 8Revision: TSpacing between seam welds shall be within .060 inch (1.52 mm) of the spacing required bythe drawing, see Figure 3.

Test pieces not welded in accordance with this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG orMTE&Q without review by Quality Review.

Figure 3: Seam Welds

5.4 Appendices (A, B, C, D)Weld nugget and minimum overlap. Appendix A - Materials other than Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld

(Inches)

Appendix B - Materials other than Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld(Metric)

Appendix C - Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld (Inches) Appendix D - Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld (Metric)

5.4.1 Length (Extent) of Seam and Stitch WeldsShall not be less than that specified on the drawing. The overlapping welds at the closure of aseam or stitch weld shall overlap for a minimum of .500 inch (12.7 mm) to a maximum of fourinches (101.6 mm) in length. The combined width at the overlap shall not exceed 125% of theweld width, as indicated by the surface indentation, see Figure 4.

Test pieces not welded in accordance with this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG orMTE&Q without review by Quality Review.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 9Revision: TFigure 4: Overlap

5.4.2 Spots per InchFor both seam and stitch welds, the number of spots per inch over any one inch length of weldin A and B tests and production welds may range between minus 10% and plus 20% of theaverage number of spots per inch on the approved weld schedule. Test pieces not welded inaccordance with this requirement can be dispositioned by SPDG or MTE&Q without review byQuality Review.

5.4.3 IndentationUnless otherwise specified on the drawing, the maximum indentation (T3 and T4) acceptableon each of the outer surfaces of the joint shall be:

1. For Class A & B:T3=10% of T1 or 0.005 (0.127 mm), whichever is greaterT4=10% of T2 or 0.005 (0.127 mm), whichever is greater (see Figure 5)

2. For Class C & D:T3=15% of T1 or 0.005 (0.127 mm), whichever is greaterT4=15% of T2 or 0.005 (0.127 mm), whichever is greater (see Figure 5)

Figure 5: Surface indentations

5.4.4 PenetrationUnless otherwise specified, the weld penetration for the A test, into each outer piece at thecenterline of the weld nugget shall not be less than 20% of the indented thickness (T ) of theCAGE CODE 00198

ithinner of the pieces being joined and not greater than 80% of the indented thickness of therespective pieces (see Figure 6). For titanium and titanium alloys, penetration may be as high

CPW 23 10Revision: Tas 90% of the indented thickness of the respective piece. For stitch and seam welds, theabove requirements shall be met at any point along the length of the weld.

For stich and seam welds which do not form a closed circuit, the above requirements shall bemet at any point along the length except for a distance equal to one-half the individual spotdiameter at the beginning and at the end of such welds. Evidence of fusion is required wherethe penetration requirements are waived. For B tests for seam and stitch welds, penetrationshall not be less than 15% of the indented thickness of the thinner piece. Local lack ofpenetration (5% to 15% between nuggets) and/or excessive penetration (over 80%) can bedispositioned by SPDG or MTE&Q, without review by Quality Review. Excessive penetrationshall be FPI per CFPM-4 to CFPS E.5. Parts not acceptable to these FPI standards shall besubject to Quality Review.

Figure 6: Penetration

5.4.4.1 Foil-Backed Porous Sheet Abradable MaterialsWeld penetration shall be 100% through the porous sheet and backing foil and shall showevidence of fusion to 50% penetration of the mating part thickness.

5.4.4.2 Screens or Strainer ElementsIndentation and penetration requirements are waived for parts fabricated from wire mesh orperforated sheet.1. Supplier and Equipment qualification shall be performed in accordance with the

requirements of Section 9. and shall include tensile testing of specimens representative ofactual parts. The strength of the weld joint shall be such that, on all specimens, fractureoccurs only in the base material.

2. The weld joint shall be free from foreign materials and imperfections detrimental to the endperformance of the joint. Welds shall be free from excessive surface burning, spitting,expulsions of metal or burned wires. Heat tinting shall not be cause for rejection.

5.4.5 Tack Welds, Cold Spots and Roll SpotsIf used, shall not be injurious to parent metal and shall not affect the quality of the final weld.For Class A and B welds, tack welds shall be fully contained within the final weldindentation. For Class C and D welds, the following exceptions shall apply:

5.4.5.1 Tack WeldsAt least 50% of the tack weld indentations shall be contained within the final weld and theprotruding portion shall not exceed 50% of the indention width of the final weld width unlessotherwise specified on the drawing.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 11Revision: T5.4.5.2 Cold Spots and Roll SpotsFor the complete circumference of the joint, the protruding portion of the cold spot or the rollspot shall not exceed 25% of the final weld width.

5.4.6 Ball Tack WeldingMay be used for positioning parts in assemblies prior to brazing.

Ball tack welds shall be fully contained within the final braze, so that there are no voidsbetween the ball and the braze.

Ball tack welds shall not be located at the leading edge or trailing edge zones of brazed statorassemblies.

5.4.7 Sheet SeparationSheet separation, measured at a distance from the center of the weld equal to three times theradius of the fused size as specified on the drawing, shall not, unless otherwise specified,exceed the following requirements:1. 0.15 times the total thickness of the outer sheet and the one adjacent to it, or .006 inch

(0.15 mm), whichever is greater, or

2. .003 inch (0.08 mm) between foil and the sheet adjacent to it.

When the distance to the edge of the sheet is less than three times the radius as definedabove, the sheet separation may be measured at the edge of the sheet.

5.5 Discontinuities

5.5.1 Acceptance CriteriaInterconnected voids and radial cracks in the weld nugget are considered as one discontinuity.For Class A and B welds, dimension A of the discontinuity shall not exceed 15% of thelength of the long axis of the weld nugget, and dimension B shall not exceed 15% of the lengthof the short axis. For Class C and D welds, dimension A shall not exceed 25% of the longaxis and dimension B shall not exceed 25% of the short axis (see Figure 7).CAGE CODE 00198

Figure 7: Discontinuities

CPW 23 12Revision: T5.5.2 Internal Discontinuities for Class "A" and "B" weldsFor class A and B welds, when internal discontinuities in test pieces exceed the 15%limitation, parts shall be X-rayed per CXRM-1 to CXRS E-5 Class A standard for spot, stichand seam welds.

5.5.3 Long AxisThe long axis shall be taken between the extreme boundaries of the nugget as shown inFigure 7, or the ends of the residual interfaces, see Figure 8, whichever is smaller.

5.5.4 Discontinuities in the Weld Clear ZoneDiscontinuities shall not extend into the outer 15% of the weld clear zone (see Figure 7).

5.5.5 Incipient melting Incipient melting shall not be considered a cause for rejection provided that it does not extendto within 10% of the actual thickness of the sheet measured from the outer surface. Whenincipient melting extends within 10% of the actual thickness of the sheet, measured from theouter surface, parts shall be FPI per CFPM-4 to CFPS E.5.

Figure 8: Residual Interfaces

6. REOPERATIONA maximum of one reoperation by the original process within the limits of 5.1.6, of 100% of theweld length is permitted as a result of a B test reject, provided the test pieces used as A and Btests for the reoperation are representative of the reoperated part. The resultant reoperatedweld shall meet the requirements of this specification and all applicable quality standards. Aminimum of 75% of the reoperation weld width shall be contained within the original weld asindicated by the indentation caused by the electrodes or wheels on the outer surfaces.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 13Revision: T6.1 Reoperation by Fusion WeldingSurface indications found at non-destructive test inspection of Class C and D welds may berepaired using a fusion welding process, by a fusion welder qualified to P&WC LaboratoryManual Section YC-3. The total length of repair shall not exceed 10% of the total length of theweld. The fusion weld repair shall be contained within the original resistance weld indentationand shall meet the requirements of this specification.

6.1.1 Filler MaterialShall not be used for reoperation by fusion welding.

7. VISUAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTSWelds shall be visually inspected prior to wire brushing, abrasive blasting and any heattreatment or other operation which could affect the appearance of the welds. Visual inspectionshall be carried out in accordance with both this current specification and P&WC SpecificationCPW 543. However, requirements of this current specification shall take precedence overthose in CPW 543.

7.1 Similar Weld SymbolsWelds specified by the same symbols on drawings and on a given combination of type andthickness of material shall have a substantially uniform appearance.

7.2 Weld SurfacesWeld surfaces shall be clean and free from surface burning, cracks, pits, inclusions, foreignmaterials (except for copper tinting), corrosion, expulsion of metal, excessive indentation andsharp corners or edges in weld indentation. Heat tinting is acceptable.

7.3 Tack-welds Tack-welds shall comply with 5.4.5.

7.4 Ball Tack-welds Ball tack-welds shall comply with 5.4.6.

7.5 PositioningPositioning shall comply with 5.3.2.

7.6 Seam and Stitch Welds Length of seam and stitch welds shall comply with 5.4.1.

7.7 Screens and Strainer Screens and strainer elements shall comply with 5.4.4.2 and 5.4.4.2 Item 2 only.

8. CONTROLControl shall be in accordance with P&WC Specification CPW 100.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 14Revision: T9. SOURCE QUALIFICATIONProcessing shall comply with the Qualified Source - Laboratory Control Requirements ofP&WC Specification CPW 100.Resistance welding sources and machines shall be qualified to MCL Manual Section YC-1.

Fusion welding sources and machines shall be qualified to MCL Manual Section YC-3.

10. IDENTIFICATIONUnless otherwise specified, each welded assembly shall have documentation which providestraceability of each weld to the corresponding test specimen. Documentation shall be retainedby supplier for a period of not less than ten years.

11. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSupplier shall mention this specification number and its revision letter in all quotations andwhen acknowledging purchase orders.

12. REJECTIONParts not welded in accordance with this specification or with authorized modifications will besubject to rejection.

13. NOTESThe (|) symbol is used to indicate technical and major editorial changes from the previousissue of this specification.

Dimensions and properties in inch/pound units are primary; dimensions and properties in SIunits are shown as the approximate equivalents of the primary units and are presented only forinformation.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 15Revision: TAPPENDIX A: MATERIALS OTHER THAN ALUMINIUM,

MINIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH OF WELD (INCHES)CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 16Revision: TMaterials other than AluminiumTable 1: Resistance Spot, Seam and Stitch Weld Data for Two and Three Thickness Joints

of Materials Other Than Aluminum

Material Thickness

Minimum Contacting Overlap(1)(2)(4)

Minimum Diameter or Width(1) of Weld

Minimum Spacing of Welds(centerline to centerline)(1)(3)(4)

Thickness Ratio Seam, Spot and Stitch Weld for all

Materials

Thickness Ratio

1:1 to 1.5:1 Over 1.5:1 to 2.5:1

1:1 to 1.5:1 Over 1.5:1 to 2.5:1

.013 - .018 .240 .290 .100 .280 .330

.019 - .025 .280 .340 .120 .360 .430

.026 - .031 .310 .380 .140 .420 .510

.032 - .037 .340 .410 .160 .490 .590

.038 - .043 .360 .450 .170 .550 .660

.044 - .050 .390 .480 .190 .610 .740

.051 - .062 .440 .540 .210 .740 .890

.063 - .078 .490 .600 .230 .900 1.090

.079 - .093 .530 .660 .250 1.040 1.260

.094 - .125 .620 .760 .290 1.340 1.630NOTES:

Dimensions are in inches.1. Where pieces are not of equal thickness, values shall be based on thickness of the

thinner piece, except where the weld involves three or more thicknesses in which casesee Note 4.

2. Values include allowance for weld location tolerances. Dimensions on details andweldments shall be such that, under adverse tolerances, values for minimum contactingoverlap are maintained.

3. Values are absolute minimum after applying the minus tolerance.4. Three Thickness Joints: The above data in the table is for two-thickness joints. The

same data is used for welds involving three or more thicknesses provided:

a) Thickness ratio shall be the ratio between the thickness of the thinner section andthe total thickness of all remaining sections.

b) The minimum contacting overlap shall be based on the thickness of the thinnerflanking section.

c) The minimum weld size shall be that for the thinnest piece of the pile-up.

d) The minimum spacing of the welds shall be increased by 30%.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 17Revision: TAPPENDIX B: MATERIALS OTHER THAN ALUMINIUM,

MINIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH OF WELD (METRIC)CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 18Revision: TMaterials other than AluminiumTable 1: (SI) Resistance Spot, Seam and Stitch Weld Data for Two and Three Thickness Joints

of Materials Other Than Aluminum

Material Thickness


Minimum Diameter or width(1) of weld

Minimum spacing of welds(centerline to centerline)(1)(3)(4)

Thickness Ratio Seam, Spot and Stitch Weld for all

Materials

Thickness Ratio

1:1 to 1.5:1

Over 1.5:1 to 2.5:1

1:1 to 1.5:1 Over 1.5:1 to 2.5:1

0.330 - 0.457 6.096 7.366 2.540 7.112 8.3820.483 - 0.635 7.112 8.636 3.048 9.144 10.9220.660 - 0.787 7.874 9.652 3.556 10.668 12.9540.813 - 0.940 8.636 10.414 4.064 12.446 14.9860.965 - 1.092 9.144 11.430 4.318 13.970 16.7641.118 - 1.270 9.906 12.192 4.826 15.494 18.7961.295 - 1.575 11.176 13.716 5.334 18.796 22.6061.600 - 1.981 12.446 15.240 5.842 22.860 27.6862.007 - 2.362 13.462 16.764 6.350 26.416 32.0042.388 - 3.175 15.748 19.304 7.366 34.036 41.402

NOTES:

Dimensions are in millimeters.1. Where pieces are not of equal thickness, values shall be based on thickness of the

thinner piece, except where the weld involves three or more thicknesses in which casesee Note 4.


3. Values are absolute minimum after applying the minus tolerance.4. Three Thickness Joints: The above data in the table is for two-thickness joints. The same

data is used for welds involving three or more thicknesses provided:

a) Thickness ratio shall be the ratio between the thickness of the thinner section and thetotal thickness of all remaining sections.

b) The minimum contacting overlap shall be based on the thickness of the thinnerflanking section.

c) The minimum weld size shall be that for the thinnest piece of the pile-up.d) The minimum spacing of the welds shall be increased by 30%.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 19Revision: TAPPENDIX C: ALUMINIUM,

MINIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH OF WELD (INCHES)CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 20Revision: TAluminium and Aluminium AlloysTable 1: Resistance spot, seam and stitch weld data for two and three thickness joints of aluminum

and aluminum alloys

Material Thickness(1)


Minimum Diameter or Weld Width(2)

Minimum Weld Spacing(2)(4)(5)

(Centerline to Centerline)Thickness Ratio1:1 to 2:1

Spot, stitch and seam welds

.018 - .020 .375 .110 .375.0225 - .0275 .400 .130 .400.0295 - .0345 .500 .140 .440.037 - .043 .560 .160 .480.046 - .054 .620 .180 .500.059 - .067 .700 .200 .560.067 - .075 .750 .220 .630.076 - .084 .800 .230 .750.086 - .094 .850 .240 .850.095 - .105 .900 .260 .950.120 - .130 1.000 .280 1.200.152 - .168 1.250 .320 1.300.181 - .199 1.400 .350 1.400

Notes:Dimensions are in inches.

1. For intermediate thicknesses not given, use the nearest smaller thickness.

2. Where pieces are not of equal thickness, values shall be based on thickness of thethinner piece, except where the weld involves three or more thicknesses, in which casesee Note 5.


4. Values are absolute minimum - after applying minus tolerance.

5. Three Thickness Joints: The above data in the table is for two-thickness joints. The samedata is used for welds involving three or more thicknesses provided:a) Thickness ratio shall be the ratio between the thickness of the thinner section and the

total thickness of all remaining sections.

b) The minimum contacting overlap shall be based on thickness of the thinner flankingsection.

c) The minimum weld size shall be those for the thinnest piece of the pile-up.d) The minimum spacing of the welds shall be increased by 30%.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 21Revision: TAPPENDIX D: ALUMINIUM,

MINIMUM DIAMETER OR WIDTH OF WELD (METRIC)CAGE CODE 00198

CPW 23 22Revision: TAluminium and Aluminium AlloysTable 1: (SI) Resistance spot, seam and stitch weld data for two and three thickness joints of

aluminum and aluminum alloys

Material Thickness(1)


Minimum Diameter or Weld Width(2)

Minimum Weld Spacing(2)(4)(5) (Centerline to

Centerline)Thickness Ratio1:1 to 2:1Spot, stitch and seam

welds0.457 - 0.508 9.525 2.794 9.5250.572 - 0.699 10.160 3.302 10.1600.749 - 0.876 12.700 3.556 11.1760.940 - 1.092 14.224 4.064 12.1921.168 - 1.372 15.748 4.572 12.7001.499 - 1.702 17.780 5.080 14.2241.702 - 1.905 19.050 5.588 16.0021.930 - 2.134 20.320 5.842 19.0502.184 - 2.388 21.590 6.096 21.5902.413 - 2.667 22.860 6.604 24.1303.048 - 3.302 25.400 7.112 30.4803.861 - 4.267 31.750 8.128 33.0204.597 - 5.055 35.560 8.890 35.560

Notes:Dimensions are in millimeters.

1. For intermediate thicknesses not given, use the nearest smaller thickness.

2. Where pieces are not of equal thickness, values shall be based on thickness of thethinner piece, except where the weld involves three or more thicknesses, in which casesee Note 5.


4. Values are absolute minimum - after applying minus tolerance.

5. Three Thickness Joints: The above data in the table is for two-thickness joints. The samedata is used for welds involving three or more thicknesses provided:a) Thickness ratio shall be the ratio between the thickness of the thinner section and

the total thickness of all remaining sections.

b) The minimum contacting overlap shall be based on thickness of the thinner flankingsection.

c) The minimum weld size shall be those for the thinnest piece of the pile-up.d) The minimum spacing of the welds shall be increased by 30%.CAGE CODE 00198

CPW23Resistance Welding Spot, Stich, Seam and ProjectionSoudage par rsistance Par points, en ligne continu par points, la molette et par bossage1. SCOPE1.1 Purpose1.2 Description

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS2.1 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Documents2.1.1 CPW Specifications2.1.2 Material Technology and Laboratory Manual (MCL Manual)2.1.3 AWS Publications

3. DEFINITIONS3.1 Standard Welding Terms3.1.1 Ball Tack Welding (Soudure de pointage avec bille)3.1.2 Coalescence (Coalescence)3.1.3 Contacting Overlap (Recouvrement en contact)3.1.4 Crack (Fissure)3.1.5 Curved Residual Interface (Interface rsiduelle courb)3.1.6 Discontinuity (Discontinuit)3.1.7 Edge Distance (Distance du bord)3.1.8 Faying Surface (Surface de contact)3.1.9 Foil (Feuille mince)3.1.10 Heat Tint (Coloration thermique)3.1.11 Incipient Melting (Liquidation)3.1.12 Nugget (Noyau)3.1.13 Projection Welding (Soudage par bossages)3.1.14 Residual Interface (Interface rsiduelle)3.1.15 Resistance Seam Welding (Soudage par rsistance la molette)3.1.16 Resistance Spot Welding (Soudage par rsistance par points)3.1.17 Resistance Stitch Weld (Soudure continue par points)3.1.18 Resistance Welding (Soudage par rsistance)3.1.19 Surface Burning (Brlure superficielle)3.1.20 Tack Weld (Soudure de pointage)3.1.21 MTE&Q3.1.22 SPDG

4. SYMBOLS4.1 Stich Welding4.2 Nugget Size

5. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS5.1 Weld Schedules5.1.1 Screen or Strainer5.1.2 A and B Tests5.1.3 Machine Setting5.1.4 Production Run5.1.5 Seam Welding5.1.6 Stitch Welding

5.2 Procedure5.2.1 Cleaning5.2.2 Weld Type

5.3 Properties and Tolerances (Unless Otherwise Specified on Drawing)5.3.1 Nugget Size5.3.1.1 Spot Welds5.3.1.2 Seam and Stitch Welds5.3.1.3 Projection Welds

5.3.2 Positioning

5.4 Appendices (A, B, C, D)5.4.1 Length (Extent) of Seam and Stitch Welds5.4.2 Spots per Inch5.4.3 Indentation5.4.4 Penetration5.4.4.1 Foil-Backed Porous Sheet Abradable Materials5.4.4.2 Screens or Strainer Elements

5.4.5 Tack Welds, Cold Spots and Roll Spots5.4.5.1 Tack Welds5.4.5.2 Cold Spots and Roll Spots

5.4.6 Ball Tack Welding5.4.7 Sheet Separation

5.5 Discontinuities5.5.1 Acceptance Criteria5.5.2 Internal Discontinuities for Class "A" and "B" welds5.5.3 Long Axis5.5.4 Discontinuities in the Weld Clear Zone5.5.5 Incipient melting

6. REOPERATION6.1 Reoperation by Fusion Welding6.1.1 Filler Material

7. VISUAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS7.1 Similar Weld Symbols7.2 Weld Surfaces7.3 Tack-welds7.4 Ball Tack-welds7.5 Positioning7.6 Seam and Stitch Welds7.7 Screens and Strainer

8. CONTROL9. SOURCE QUALIFICATION10. IDENTIFICATION11. ACKNOWLEDGMENT12. REJECTION13. NOTES

AppendixA: Materials other than Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld (Inches)AppendixB: Materials other than Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld (Metric)AppendixC: Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld (Inches)AppendixD: Aluminium, Minimum Diameter or Width of Weld (Metric)

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