cpwf overview
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An overview of the Challenge Program on Water and Food's research-for-development results, and plans to address global challenges, from CPWF Director, Dr Alain VidalTRANSCRIPT
Water, food and development The CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and
Food
Alain VIDAL, CPWF Director
CPWF and the Agricultural Water Productivity Challenge
CGIAR Challenge Programs
•CGIAR= Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research; 15 centres, 63 donor members, 5 challenge programs
•CGIAR Challenge Programs mobilise broad scientific input on most challenging issues in agricultural research
•Time bound and reform-oriented
•Help change the way the CGIAR does business, expanding range of partnerships
CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF)
Phase 1
Sixty-six research and capacity building projects
Value added through synthesis research
Over 200 partners, with research in 30 developing countries of 9 river basins
Around USD 65 million of investment from 12 donors in 2004-2008
AREO
CPWF aims to increase water productivity for agriculture in order to leave more water for other users and the environment
CPWF contributes to…
Food security at household level
Livelihoods of the poor
Health: Nutrition, reduced pollution, reduced disease
Environment: Water quality, sustainability of wetlands
2 - 5 litres
daily
20 – 500 litres
daily 500 – 3000 litres
per kg
Why focus on water productivity for agriculture?
2000 l/day - vegetarian diet5000 l/day - grainfed meat diet
A consequence: sectoral competition
For smallholder producers in Africa,lack of access towater and soil is the key constraint to production
Why Water Productivity and Poverty
The poorest people - 1 billion worldwide - depend on fish as primary source of protein. As rivers dry up, fish production declines and the poor lose as consumers and producers.
Why Water Productivity and Poverty
Many of the poorest, most drought-vulnerable families in Africa depend on livestock production. Animal feed production is the most important user of agricultural water in the Nile basin.
Why Water Productivity and Poverty
Water Scarcity 2000
1/3 of the world’s population live in basins that have to deal with water scarcity
17
What is the challenge ahead?
• Do we have enough water resources to grow enough food and meet future demand for biofuels?
• The Comprehensive Assessment answered…– No… with today’s practices, doubling food production in 2050 would
require to almost double agricultural water use (from 7130 km3 to 13000 km3)
– …Unless we change the way we think and act on water issues
• A simple and ideal scenario: if we would double the amount of food produced per m3 of water, we would be safe
Impact of rainfall variability on GDP and Agricultural GDP growth
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
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19
90
19
91
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92
19
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19
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19
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19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
year
%
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
rainfall variability
GDP growth
Ag GDP growth
Resilience to adapt to climate change
Source: Grey & Sadoff, 2008. in Water Policy: Ethiopia
CPWF achievements Phase 1 (2004-2008)
Partnerships for science
BASINallocation
SYSTEMdistribution
Hydrologicalinteractions
Surface &groundwater
Agro-ecosystems
Upstream-downstream users
Economic drivers
Poverty distribution & causes
Institutional aspects of management
FIELD
application
Linked Scales of Analysis
Rapid and complex world changes: climate, economic uncertainty, trade. Severe implications for the poor.
Innovative research approaches are required to solve them.
“Complex multi-sector problems need new ways of working: “The really important issues facing society … cannot be tackled by any organization acting alone” Huxham and Vangen, 2005
CPWF: New ways of working
CGIAR NARES ARI NGO
Total CPWF
Consortium members
Different institutions that participate
11 112 39 43
205 15
Different institutions that lead projects
10 7 8 9 34 8
Number of projects led by
36 8 10 12 66 34
% of project funds
42% 46% 7% 5% 100% 32%
Diverse actors involved
CPWF achievements Phase 1 (2004-2008)
Research results for development
Sahelian Ecofarming
Livestock Management in Nile River Basin
Multiple Use Water Systems
Projects from the First Competitive Call
Projects from the First Competitive Call
Livelihood Resilience in Dry Areas
Transboundary Water Governance
Community Based Fish Culture
Overview of CPWF research scope and results in phase 1
Components of field scale water productivity (water harvesting; conservation agriculture; stress-tolerant varieties)
Stakeholder dialogue and negotiation (multi-stakeholder governance and role-playing to develop it; payment for environmental services; multiple use water systems)
Integrated river basin analysis (ecosystem services and smallholder agriculture; integration of fisheries; livestock-water relations)
Policies and the global context (water rights; water transfer schemes; adaptations of small farm agriculture to climate change)
CPWF: Linking scales and disciplines
Example: RURAL AFRICAN ADAPTATIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Four levels of analysis: Household, Basin, National, Regional
New insights on local perceptions of - and adaptive capacity to - climate change at household and province level (U Pretoria, EDRI)
Combined global CGE model that includes agriculture, water& livelihood effects and distributional impacts of climate
change (IFPRI and U Hamburg)
Interaction with policy makers to develop national adaptation strategies (Ethiopian Economics Association, U Pretoria)
Local adaptation to climate change
Documented evidence in 5 basins and 10 countries of MUS that take poor people’s water needs into account
Reduced poverty and conflict, increased water productivity, gender-friendliness, ownership, willingness to pay, water quality awareness.
Workshops at WWF4 & WWF5 attracted 300 people for major discussion
Integrated investment opportunities among sectors
Policy influence: Multiple Use Water Systems
Diverse interdisciplinary team. Three basins. Produced “Small Reservoirs Tool Kit”.
A Project of the: Sponsored by:
Cross-scale research
Limpopo BasinRainfall ~250 - 1050 mm/yr
Issues include:
Poverty and food Low productivity rainfed agriculture Irrigation development Ecosystem degradation Loss of biodiversitySource: CSIRO
Broad donor base
“A particularly positive aspect is the breadth of the current donor spectrum and the resulting independence of the CPWF on individual donors.”
CPWF External Review.
Phase 1 budget (2003-2008) USD 65 millionProjected Phase 2 budget (2009-2013) USD 60-90 million
“We are continually faced by great opportunities brilliantly disguised as insoluble problems”
Lee Iococca
CPWF Phase 2
Focusing the strategy in phase 2
Focusing on the technical content found to be most promising in phase 1
Focusing even more on research that will begin development impact within the 15 year CPWF time frame
All research is interdisciplinary, includes cross-scale analysis and focuses on resilience
Phase 2: 2009-2013; intended Phase 3 to 2018
Focusing the strategy in Phase 2
Six river basins (Nile, Volta, Limpopo, Ganges, Mekong, Andean System) not nine
1-2 development challenges in specific parts of each basin (building on phase 1 results)
CPWF as the platform for partners to contribute their specialist expertise
With expected minimum budget of USD 60 million can handle one challenge per basin; aiming for USD 90 million and two challenges
Priority development challenges in each basin
Andes (7 small basins) Benefit-sharing mechanisms to improve water productivity and reduce water-related conflict
Mekong (especially the “3S” border area Laos-Cambodia-Vietnam) Multiple use of reservoirs
Nile (especially Ethiopian highlands) A landscape approach to rainwater management
Priority development challenges in each basin
Limpopo (Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa) Small reservoirs and rainwater management
Volta (Burkina Faso/northern Ghana) Small reservoirs and rainwater management
Ganges delta Integrated agriculture and aquaculture
Andes
• BDC: Benefit-sharing to improve water productivity and reduce water-related conflict in selected basins– Where “benefit-sharing” is understood to include “cost-sharing”. – Will build on experiences with existing instances of benefit-
sharing mechanisms (BSM) in different Andean countries
• Projects– Designing and implementing BSM– Anticipating and assessing the consequences of BSM– Learning from history: consequences of
alternative land and water use practices– Coordination
Ganges
• BDC: Integrated agriculture and aquaculture in the Ganges delta– Including the development of integrated solutions to saline
intrusion– Methods for improving the agricultural productivity of flood plains
• Projects– Agriculture in salt-affected areas– Water allocation between agriculture and aquaculture in coastal
zones (includes improved agricultural and aquacultural practices)
– Coordination
Limpopo
• BDC: Rainwater management and small reservoirs in Mozambique, Southern Zimbabwe and Limpopo Province of South Africa
• Projects:– Technical and institutional innovation in rainwater management
and small reservoirs– Targeting innovation and understanding its consequences– Scaling out– Coordination
Mekong
• BDC: Multiple use of reservoirs in the 3S border region that straddles the tri-point between Vietnam, Lao PDR and Cambodia– Understood to embrace water use in small and large reservoirs
created by new and existing dams, and– The downstream consequences for different water uses and
users of reservoir management strategies
• Projects: – Reservoir management and its consequences– Agent-based modeling (interim title)– Transboundary policy issues– (Helping displaced communities – uncertain) – Coordination
Nile
• Challenge 1– To improve rural livelihoods and their
resilience through a landscape approach to rainwater management
• Projects– Learning from past experience on rainwater
management research – Integrated rainwater management strategies
– technologies, institutions and policies– Spatial targeting of innovation strategies– Assessing and anticipating the cross-scale
and downstream consequences of innovation
Nile
• Challenge 2– The effective use of agricultural wastewater in the Nile River
Delta for multiple uses and livelihoods needs
• Projects– Improving technologies and planning strategies of the Nile Delta– Treated water for livelihoods– Opportunies from water reuse systems for poor people– Reuse of agricultural water for ‘new lands’ and resilience
of the Nile Delta agricultural and livelihoods system
Volta
• BDC: Institutional and technical mechanisms to develop, maintain and sustain small reservoirs and other rainwater management approaches to improve the livelihoods of the poor in the dry-lands of Southern Burkina Faso and Northern Ghana, taking into account implications for downstream users.
• Projects:– Small reservoirs and other approaches to improved rainwater
management – Institutions and governance – Coordination
Secondary development challenges
Andes (7 small basins) Strategies for Andean communities to adapt to global change
Nile (Egypt) Multiple use of agricultural wastewater in the Delta
Ganges delta The integrated management of groundwater
Mekong The sustainable management of upland agricultural water