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Approaches to Curriculum Designing

Introduction:As a teacher, one has to be a curriculum designer, curriculum implementor and curriculum evaluator . These threefold functions are embedded in the teaching profession.

Objectives:At the end of the presentation, the students are expected to:

identify some familiar curriculum designs and approaches to the designs,familiarize oneself on the different types of curriculum design models analyze the approaches in the light of how these are applied in the school setting.

Activity:Title: How well do you know me?

Instructions:Pick one strip of paper and define the word which you have chosenf.Without looking at your book and dictionary, define the word using a word, phrase or a sentence.Write your answers on the manila paper provided for you.Discuss your answers in front after 5 minutes.

Types of CurriculumDesign ModelsSubject Centered Design

Centered design corresponds mostly on textbooksFocuses on the content of the curriculumAim for excellence in the subject matter content

I. Subject Centered DesignSubject Design

Oldest and the most familiar design for teachers, parents, laymen and advocates.Easy to deliverComplementary books are written & support instructional materials are commercially available

I. Subject Centered DesignB. Discipline Design

Focuses on academic disciplinesLearned through a method which the scholars use to study a specific content in their fieldsOften used in college

I. Subject Centered DesignC. Correlation Design

Links separate subjects designs in order to reduce fragmentationSubjects are related to one another but each maintains its identity

I. Subject Centered DesignD. Broad Field Design/ Interdisciplinary

Prevent the compartmentalization of subjects & integrate the contents that are related to each otherSometimes called holistic curriculum -Broad field design draws around themes and integration

Types of CurriculumDesign ModelsII. Learner Centered Design

Among the progressive educational psychologists, the learner is the center of the educative process.

II. Learner Centered DesignChild centered design

Anchored on the needs and interest of the childLearner learns by doingLearners interact with the teachers & environmentCollaborative effort between teachers & students on planning lessons

II. Learner Centered DesignB. Experience centered design

Believes that the interests and needs of learners cannot be pre-planned Time is flexible and children are free to make optionsActivities revolve around different emphasis such as touching, imagining, relating & others

II. Learner Centered DesignC. Humanistic design

Development of self is the ultimate objective of learningIt considers the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains to be interconnected and must be addressed in the curriculum

Types of CurriculumDesign ModelsIII. Problem Centered Design

Draws on social problems, needs, interest, and the abilities of the learnersEmphases on life situations, contemporary life problems, areas of living & many others

III. Problem Centered DesignLife situation design

Pressing immediate problems of the society and the students existing concerns are utilizedThe connection of subject to real situations increase the relevance of the curriculum

III. Problem Centered DesignB. Core problem design

Centers on general education and the problems are based on human activitiesCentral focus includes common needs, problems and concerns of the learner

How will a particular design be approached by a teacher?

Child or Learner Centered ApproachAcknowledge and respect the fundamental rights of the child.Make all activities revolve around the overall development of the learner.Consider the uniqueness of every learner in a multicultural classroom.Consider using differentiated instruction or teaching.Provide a motivating supportive learning environment for all the learner.

Subject Centered ApproachThe primary focus is the subject matter.The emphasis is on bits and pieces of information which may be detached from life.The subject matter serves as a means of identifying problems of living.Learning means accumulation of content, or knowledge.Teachers role is to dispense the content.

Problem Centered ApproachThe learners are capable of directing and guiding themselves in resolving problems, thus developing every learner to be independent.The learners are prepared to assume their civic responsibilities through direct participation in different activities.The curriculum leads the learners in the recognition of concerns and problems in seeking solutions. Learners are problem solvers themselves.

ApplicationActivity: Reflect on Me

Instruction: Pick one statement and reflect on it. What do you think and feel about it? Discuss your opinion with your own group and after 5 minutes one representative from your group will share your answer to the class.

Statement No. 1 Schools that approach the curriculum as subject centered, make robots out of the students.

Statement No. 2 In schools where child centeredness is the approach, discipline is weak.

Statement No. 3 Students are too young to solve lifes problem, why should they do problem solving in school?

Concluding ActivityIdentify what kind of design and approach are utilized in the following descriptions. Only students who master the subject content can succeed.Students are encouraged to work together to find answers to their task.No learner is left behind in reading, writing and arithmetic.School means survival of the fittest.Teachers extends class because the children have not mastered the lesson.