cranial nerves
DESCRIPTION
Cranial Nerves. III. 1. V. VI. 2. VII. VIII. 3. IX. 4. XI. 5. XII. 1. 2. IV. 3. 4. 6. 5. 7. 9. 8. 10. Cranial Nerve 1: Olfactory Nerve. Anosmia Patients complain of loss of taste. Head injury is a common cause. Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Cranial Nerves
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Cranial Nerve 1: Olfactory Nerve
Anosmia
• Patients complain of loss of taste.
• Head injury is a common cause.
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Cranial Nerve II: Optic Nerve
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Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI: Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens
Trochlear• Nucleus in midbrain• Nerve exits dorsal surface and crosses over• Moves eye medially and downward
Oculomotor• Nucleus in midbrain• Innervates 4 extraocular muscles and functions in most eye movements• Contains parasympathetic which innervates pupillary constrictor musclesand ciliary muscle of lens.
Abducens• Nucleus in pons• Moves eye laterally
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• Trigeminal ganglion • Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions
• Sensory: Touch, pain, temp, proprioception for face, mouth,• anterior 2/3 of tongue, nasal sinuses.• Motor: Muscles of chewing, tensor tympani muscle
Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal Nerve
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• Motor function: muscles of facial expression.
• Parasympathetic function: innervation of lacrimal glands and some salivary gland.
• Visceral sensory function: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
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Facial Nerve Lesionscause paralysis in face
Bell’s Palsy Facial nerve is impaired and then gradually recovers. Cause unknown,(viral or inflammatory)
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• Auditory and vestibular sensation
• Travels with facial nerve• Branches go to cochlea, vestibule
Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve
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Vestibular and Cochlear Sensory Organs
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Lesions in Auditory Pathway
1. During auditory seizures: patients often report tonesfrom the side opposite the cortical area involved in the seizure.
2. Vertigo can be caused by damage to vestibular pathways
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• Motor function: stylopharyngeus muscle which elevates pharynx during talking and swallowing and participates in gag reflex.
• Parasympathetic function: innervation of parotid salivary gland.
• Visceral sensory function: taste from posterior1/3 of tongue
Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
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• Motor function: pharyngeal muscles (swallowing) & laryngeal muscles (vocalization)
• Parasympathetic function: innervation of heart, lungs, most if digestive tract.
• Somatic sensation function: sensation from pharynx, meninges, external auditory meatus.
Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
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Motor : sternomastoid upper trapezius muscles
Cranial Nerve XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve
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Motor function: intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles.
Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve
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