Creating Future Geographies

• Evolution of the Economic Base and it’s reshaping influence on:

– local communities– regional economies

• The long-run interest in:

(1) shaping the economic base

(2) shaping the geography of settlement

• Current Approaches in the Northwest

Can we shape our destiny?Or

Is it beyond our control?

• The tension between endogenous (local) efforts AND exogenous (external) influences or demands.

• Boeing as an example:– caught in the global market cycle for aircraft– is continuously posturing itself in product

markets to retain or (re)gain market share

The Concern With The Future Is Not New

• Nineteenth Century Land Disposal

• Federal Initiatives such as– Columbia Basin Project, Columbia/Snake River Dams, Hanford, Bremerton Naval Yard, Interstate Highway System, and the Federal Lands. Also myriad entitlement programs (Medicaid, Federal Highway Trust Fund)

• Nonfederal Initiatives–Location of colleges, state capitals, correction facilities, infrastructure

A Sampling of Views about Development in the Northwest

* Position in the business cycle has strongly conditioned the nature of these perspectives!

• Cohn - a ‘50’s perspective

• Battelle Report - 1960’s

• Alternatives for Washington 1970’s – A vision of a return to a natural resource based

economy

• Recovery of economy in late 1970’s

Northwest Views on Development, Cont.

• Early 1980’s Recession - WA Emergency Commission on Job Creation

• Economic Development Board– Washington Works Worldwide

Key Goals of WWW:

1. Balanced statewide economic growth

2. Living Wage Jobs

3. Globally competitive business

Economic Development BoardVision for Development

• Quality of Life

• Business Climate

• Developmental Infrastructure

•Idaho - Concern with the future?

• Oregon:–Landmark Land use Legislation–Oregon Benchmarks Program.

•Governor Inslee ?? What are his priorities??

The Growth Management Act in Washington State

• Precedents - Shoreline Management Act;– State Open Space Banks; Timber Lands, water

quality initiatives, air quality initiatives, etc.

• Pressures for the Growth Management Act– marginal increases in costs for infrastructure– traffic congestion– housing costs– a sense of unplanned development

--------------- ------------------------------

--------------- Regional Panels

•Buildable Lands •Critical Areas and Best Available Science (BAS) •Capital Facilities •Direct Assistance •Evergreen Communities Act•GMA Goals •Citizen Participation and Coordination •Economic Development •Environment •Governor's Land Use Agenda, archived webpage for sunset committee•Growth Management Hearing Boards •Historic Preservation •Housing•Land Use Study Commission webpage - Reference material from The Land Use Study Commission.  The Commission sunset in 1998.  The website has been retained as a source of research for land use issues reported on during the Commission's three-year effort to make recomendations on the development of a consolidated land use code.•Natural Resource Industries •Open Space and Recreation •Permit Processes•Property Rights •Reducing Sprawl •Rural Lands •Safe Community Planning•SEPA •Shoreline Management •School Siting•Small City Resources Manual - Association of Washington Cities: This web page provides a list of resources specific to the 169 cities in the state that are 5,000 or under in population.  The small city resources listed here include individuals and organizations, state agencies, and associations, that have resources of value to small cities.  Also see Growth Management Services webpage - Examples for Small Cities and Towns•Small Communities CAO -  Small Communities Critical Areas Ordinance Implementation Guidebook•Transportation •Urban Growth Areas

GMA Topics (A - H)

Purposes of GMA set by Legislature• Maintain forest, farming, fishing & mining• Fully use existing infrastructure before building more• Avoid/prevent environmental degradation instead of

repairing it• Require new growth to pay for facilities and services

required OR consciously recognize subsidies.• Reduce uncertainty in land use/development• Require local land use decisions be made within a statewide

procedural & policy framework• Increase coordination in planning for development

Strategies for Achieving Goals• Encourage sustainable development• Provide technical assistance• Deliver financial assistance to cities &

counties to carry out GMA requirements• Provide guidance to implement GMA• Review GMA documents & resolve disputes• Maintain & share data needed• Integrate planning & environmental reviews• Provide a variety of types of technical

assistance to local governments & state agencies

From Annexations Under the Growth Management Act Study

Unincorporated landsin Clark County areallocated to existingurban areas to provide servicesto these areas.

The Nexus of Planning at the State Level & Locally in the year 2015• GMA as a vehicle

• King County as an Example (NOT Representative Statewide)

• The 2012 King County Comprehensive Plan

• Revisions each year

• Monitoring Growth Management – Annual Growth Report and Benchmarking Report

• Adjusting Land Use Strategies

2012 King County Comprehensive Plan Table of Contents

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….I-1 Chapter One – Regional Planning ..................................................................1-1 Chapter Two – Urban Communities ............................................................... 2-1 Chapter Three – Rural Legacy and Natural Resource Lands ......................3-1 Chapter Four – Environment ..........................................................................4-1 Chapter Five – Shoreline Master Program ....................................................5-1 Chapter Six – Parks, Open Space and Cultural Resources ......................... 6-1 Chapter Seven – Transportation ....................................................................7-1 Chapter Eight – Services, Facilities and Utilities ..........................................8-1 Chapter Nine - Economic Development......................................................... 9-1 Chapter Ten – Community Plans..................................................................10-1 Chapter Eleven – Implementation ................................................................ 11-1 Glossary ......................................................................................................... G-1 Area Zoning Amendments ........................................................................... AZ-1

(Text from 2000 plan)

King County Land Use Designations 2012

Annexations ofurbanized areais encouragedunder the Growth ManagementAct

There are some“islands” of unincorporated areasinside the urbangrowth boundary.

Fiscal impacts of annexations in somecases are not favorableto cities potentiallyannexing thisterritory

Numbers of Residential Units by Jurisdiction & Section

Has moved to bea set of online documents, rather than a stand-alone report

King County Population by Jurisdiction Type

Did not find an updated set of data with targets vs. actuals

This program has beenput on hold due tobudget constraints.

- Land Use Indicators

An example of another indicator: educational attainment

Education and training are critical to develop and maintain a highly skilled and well paid workforce

PSRC Consultant’s Cluster Analysis

Regional Cluster Size and Growth   PDF version

                                                                           

PSRC Cluster Strategy

Cluster Organization and Geography

Each cluster has a differentspatial and economic organization-Aerospace – one dominant firm that organizes production on a global scale (and has a few local subcontractors)-Information Technology – Microsoft is huge and global, but there are several thousand small companies plus a few medium sized one (plus IT divisions in companies in other industries); IT-manufacturing not very significant locally-Logistics and trade as defined ignores several components of a highly integrated maritime cluster (fishing, seafood processing, ship building, marine construction plus linked service firms); global players are not headquartered locally; strong local-based players are regionally focused; ports are key institutions

Action Initiatives: Aerospace

• Action Initiative #1: Legislative InitiativeAction Initiative #2: Small and Medium Aerospace Enterprise Consortium DevelopmentAction Initiative #3: Aggressive Work Force Development InitiativeAction Initiative #4: Centers of Innovation in the Technology of Aerospace (CITAs)

Aerospace: Issues Discussion (similar diagrams for all five trial clusters)

Aerospace: Defining Initiatives for the cluster

Topic emerged in each cluster group

How do we steer land use?

• Can we plan “Future geographies?”

• Should we?

• Should we not….given public infrastructure demands that must be met by “planning.”?

• Do we need new institutions to guide our geography?

• Should we be concerned with the “market” driven pattern of development?

Old Slides

• The next slides are left in for reference purposes only

King County Land Use Designations 2008

Urban GrowthBoundary

Annexations andIncorporations areEncouraged by theGrowth ManagementAct inside the UrbanGrowth Boundary