creating groundwater directory for greater melbourne final

Melbourne Groundwater Directory

METHODS REPORT

Final 4 September 2009

The SKM logo trade mark is a registered trade mark of Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd.

Melbourne Groundwater Directory

METHODS REPORT Final 4 September 2009

Sinclair Knight Merz ABN 37 001 024 095 590 Orrong Road, Armadale 3143 PO Box 2500 Malvern VIC 3144 Australia Tel: +61 3 9248 3100 Fax: +61 3 9248 3364 Web: www.skmconsulting.com COPYRIGHT: The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Sinclair Knight Merz constitutes an infringement of copyright.

LIMITATION: This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd’s Client, and is subject to and issued in connection with the provisions of the agreement between Sinclair Knight Merz and its Client. Sinclair Knight Merz accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for or in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report by any third party.

Methods Report

SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ

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Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Stakeholder Consultation 2

2.1. Stakeholder Organisations 2 2.2. Workshop Structure 3 2.3. User Requirements 5

3. Data Acquisition 8 3.1. Bore data 8 3.2. Spatial Data 11 3.3. Reference Material 11 3.4. Data Sources Identified but not Acquired 12

4. Project Database Development 14 4.1. Input Data Sets 14 4.2. Pre-processing 15 4.3. Database Structure 16 4.4. Advanced Filtering Features 22 4.5. Borehole Database 23

5. Layer Generation - Methodology 25 5.1. Mapping Layers 25

6. Data Gaps and Limitations 34 6.1. Key Data Gaps / Areas of Uncertainty 34 6.2. Recommended Product Uses 40

7. Recommendations for Update of Mapping Products 42 7.1. Mapping Techniques and Future Updates 42 7.2. Recommendations for future work 45

8. References 46 Appendix A – Bibliography 47 Appendix B – Project Database Table Fields 71 Appendix C – Borehole Database Table Fields 74

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1. Introduction The Melbourne Groundwater Directory addresses the recognised need of user-friendly groundwater information covering the Greater Melbourne area. The Directory provides a centralised, consistent source of data and information to support water resource managers, environmental managers and the general public.

The project involved the following key tasks:

Stakeholder Consultation - to clearly identify the requirements, content and format to best present the groundwater data to both technical and community user groups

Data Acquisition - collection of groundwater data from three main sources: bore data; spatial data; and reference material

Database Development – development of a database to consolidate each of the separate datasets into a unified groundwater dataset

Data Interpretation and Layer Generation – generation of a series of groundwater layers, constructed from the interpreted bore data, existing GIS layers and reference material

Product Development – development of products to meet the requirements of both the water industry (resource managers, consultants and research) and the broader community, including:

‐ Community Groundwater Map - focusing on information relevant to the community and small scale groundwater users. Map includes information and simple explanations on aquifer extent and depths, potentiometry, yield and salinity.

‐ Technical Hydrogeology Atlas - key technical groundwater layers, including information on aquifer extent and depths, potentiometry, yield, salinity and Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) potential

Product Lodgement - integration of the products as web content to provide a user-friendly means of accessing the information

The purpose of this methods report is to provide documentation of the data compilation process so that users can understand the inherent strengths and limitations of the mapping products. This report documents the data sources, interpretation methods, assumptions and limitations associated with the generation of the hydrogeological mapping products. The report also includes identification of critical data gaps that limit the existing understanding of Melbourne’s hydrogeology, highlights geographic areas and aquifers that require further investigation and provide a procedure for updating the groundwater directory.

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2. Stakeholder Consultation There are a broad range of stakeholders with an interest in the products of the Melbourne Groundwater Directory. These stakeholders can be broadly grouped into resource managers, regulators, retailers, consultants, academics, students and the general public. In order to clearly identify the requirements of the different user groups Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM) engaged in a consultation process with the key stakeholders in the Groundwater Directory. The consultation took the form of two workshops: the first involving government agencies and the second involving industry professionals and academics.

The objectives of the consultation process were as follows:

to establish stakeholder requirements for the Melbourne Groundwater Directory;

to explore deliverables and formats which best meet these requirements; and

to identify additional data sources that should be considered in the mapping process.

2.1. Stakeholder Organisations

The stakeholder groups invited to attend the respective workshops were identified in consultation with the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE), and the project steering committee. Rather than directly engage the general public it was decided that their needs and requirements would be addressed by the government agency representatives. The rationale being that these organisations have direct contact with the community regarding groundwater information and consequently have a strong understanding of community requirements.

Stakeholders represented in Workshop 1 (targeted at government agencies) were:

Melbourne Water Corporation; City West Water; South East Water; Yarra Valley Water; Barwon Water; Western Water; Western Port Water; Southern Rural Water; The Environmental Protection Authority; The Department of Sustainability and Environment; and

The Port Phillip and Western Port Catchment Management Authority.

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Stakeholders represented in Workshop 2 (targeted at industry professionals and academics) were:

The Australian Contaminated Land Consultants Association (ACLCA); The International Association of Hydrogeologists; RMIT University; La Trobe University; The Department of Primary Industries Research (PIRVIC); The Environmental Protection Authority; and

The Department of Sustainability and Environment.

2.2. Workshop Structure

The workshops were loosely structured into the three sessions. Session 1 involved a discussion of user requirements for the Groundwater Directory products, Session 2 involved discussion of the strengths, weaknesses and suitability of existing hydrogeological mapping products, and Session 3 involved a discussion of potential mapping products and formats.

Session 1 – Discussion of User Requirements

In session 1, workshop attendees were asked to fill out a survey which listed a number of potential user requirements for the groundwater directory, as identified by SKM (refer Table 1). Stakeholders were requested to prioritise the identified requirements, ranking them from 1 (indicating a high priority) to 5 (indicating a low priority). The survey also allowed stakeholders to identify any additional requirements that were not covered in the original list.

Table 1 User requirements for Groundwater Directory products (as identified by SKM)

Audience User Requirement Comment

Technical

Improve knowledge of groundwater resource Provide access to specific groundwater information (e.g. characteristics of explicit aquifers) Identify groundwater resource opportunities including:

physical properties (yield, salinity, depth); and

policy development constraints (existing users, allocation limits, environmental constraints)

Provide information regarding groundwater constraints (watertable depth, salinity) Understand Data Gaps Describe our current level of

knowledge with respect to the groundwater resource and where additional information is required

Understand methods and limitations This relates to the interpretation, assumptions and processes used to

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Audience User Requirement Comment produce the mapping products

Access to underlying data Interpreted bore data Integration of products with existing systems and frameworks (e.g. existing Hydro Mapsheet series, Mapshare) Tangible/presentable product Tangible refers to hard copy Dynamic product (capable of growing as new information becomes available) Provide groundwater knowledge around asset sites (e.g. treatment plants)

Some organisations (e.g. urban water authorities) need an understanding of groundwater conditions around asset sites to understand potential impacts of groundwater on those assets (e.g. salinity damage)

Identify Potential ASR/MAR opportunities ASR (Aquifer Storage and Recovery) also know as MAR (Managed Aquifer Recharge)

High Level of technical detail Simple and accessible format (i.e. no additional interpretation required)

Accessible implies ease of interpretation rather than access

Single mapping product (e.g. A0 hydromapsheet) Access/presentation of all generated layers (as opposed to a single compiled mapsheet) Accessible Online

Community

Education on Groundwater Processes Provide information on resource availability (groundwater quality, depth and yield) Accessible online Simple communication method

Session 2 – Discussion of Existing Hydrogeological Mapping Options

The second session involved discussion of a selection of hydrogeological maps published in Australia over the last two decades. Key maps involved in the discussion were:

Bendigo 1:250,000 Hydrogeological Map – produced as part of the Murray Darling Basin Hydrogeological Map Series. This map applies the BMR (1988) mapping standards. Key focus for the mapping is on yield and salinity class in the watertable aquifer.

Albany-Mt Barker 1:250,000 Hydrogeological Map – produced as part of a series of hydrogeological maps by the Western Australian Government in the 1990s. The key mapping divisions are based on aquifer type/geology and resource size but not salinity (Anonymous, 1983).

The Hydrogeology of the Great Artesian Basin 1:2,500,000 – produced in 1997, the main map focus is groundwater flow paths within the major artesian aquifers (Habermehl and Lau, 1997).

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Shallow Groundwater Salinity of the Murray Basin – compiled by BMR in association with a number of state agencies in 1988. The key mapping division in the main inset is groundwater salinity in the shallow aquifers.

Session 3 – Discussion of Potential Products

The final session involved a discussion of the mapping products proposed by SKM. The aim of this discussion was to test the relevance of each of the proposed products and to identify key content and format requirements. Products discussed in the session included:

Technical Hydrogeological Map; Community Hydrogeological Map; Community Brochure; Web Content; Database of borehole data used in compilation of layers; and Technical Report.

2.3. User Requirements

The user requirement surveys from the two workshops were combined and the scores assigned to each requirement aggregated. The requirements were broken into two categories; those relevant to a technically minded audience (i.e. resource managers, industry professionals etc) and those needs relevant to the broader community (refer Table 2). The stakeholders were not asked to prioritise the requirements against each other, so it is not an absolute indication of their relative importance. There is also some disparity between the number of workshop participants present for the different stakeholder groups. For instance in the first workshop there were seven participants representing the water retailers but only one participant representing the groundwater regulator. As a result they do not provide an absolute indication of the value of each requirement, however the ranking does identify some general themes.

Table 2 Prioritisation of user requirements from workshop surveys

Priority Audience User Requirement

High Priority Technical

Aid in the identification of groundwater resource opportunities Mapping products are accessible online Products improve knowledge of groundwater resource and system (aquifer extents, resource potential, environmental constraints, resource sustainability) Access to specific groundwater information (e.g. characteristics of specific aquifers) Products are dynamic (capable of growing/changing as new information becomes available) Access/presentation of all generated layers (as opposed to a compiled mapsheet)

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Community

Simple communication method/format Products are accessible online Provide information on resource availability (groundwater quality, depth to groundwater, yield

Medium Priority Technical

Provide information regarding groundwater constraints (watertable depth, salinity) Access to underlying data (i.e. interpreted bore data) Products should contain a high level of technical detail There should be an explicit description or representation of data gaps. Provide groundwater knowledge around asset sites (e.g. treatment plants) Groundwater related constraints Simple and accessible format (i.e. no additional interpretation required) Tangible/presentable format (tangible refers to hard copy format) Explicit identification of potential MAR opportunities

Low Priority Technical

Integration of products with existing systems and frameworks (e.g. existing Hydro Mapsheet series, Mapshare) Understand methods and limitations Single mapping product (e.g. A0 Map)

Community Education tool on groundwater processes and concepts Notes: 1. For the technical requirements a High Priority was given when the average score was < 1.5, a Medium Priority was allocated when the score was >1.5 and <2.5, a low priority was assigned to those requirements with a score >2.5

2. For the community requirements the average score for the use of mapping products as an education tool was notably lower than the other three requirements so this was allocated a low priority.

2.3.1. Identification of Additional User Requirements

In addition to providing feedback on the user requirements identified by SKM stakeholders were asked to identify any additional requirements that were not represented in the workshop list. These additional requirements are presented in Table 3 and have been categorised into higher and lower priorities according to the number of different workshop participants that separately identified the requirement. Those requirements identified by three or more individual participants have been classed as high priority while those identified by less than three participants have been attributed as lower priority requirements. The number in brackets following each requirement indicates the number of participants who identified it as a key requirement of the groundwater directory.

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Table 3 Additional user requirements


Higher Priority Technical

Representation of groundwater quality information other than salinity (i.e. groundwater chemistry and contamination related data) (7) Representation of Groundwater/Surface water interactions (5) Inclusion of contamination overlays (e.g. Groundwater Restricted Use Zones) (4) Representation of Groundwater Dependant Ecosystems (3) Inclusion and access to a detailed reference list used in the project (3)

Lower Priority

Technical

Environmental Audit Overlays (from planning scheme) (2) Recharge Areas (2) Link between map and underlying data/database (1) Beneficial Use Data (1) Landfill locations (1) Land use (1) Communication tool for EPA data (1) Variability in watertable elevations and conditions (1) Data Reliability (1) Access to groundwater management information (1) Access to layers for importation to GIS (1) Geothermal Energy potential (1)

Community Whole of water cycle, recharge potential and land use Impact on environment and other stakeholders

A number of aspects were identified in this list of additional requirements that are beyond the scope of this project. Although these datasets may be useful in assisting in resource management, environmental assessment and land development across the region, they are subject to a range of processes and inter-organisational issues that are beyond the scope of this project to solve. Identifying the requirements however, may enable them to be addressed in future programs.

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3. Data Acquisition A wealth of hydrogeological information exists for the Greater Melbourne region, however much of its value is limited by the inability to identify and access the information. Groundwater data is spread across a number of government agencies and is captured in a range of different information systems and format types. The data acquisition phase for this project involved liaising with the custodians of groundwater data sets, identifying any constraints which would inhibit the acquisition of data sets and arranging for access to the data. Three key data sets were obtained throughout the data acquisition phase - bore data; report or reference material; and spatial data.

3.1. Bore data

The process of acquiring bore data commenced with an internal SKM workshop focussing on the identification of potential sources of groundwater data for the study area. This internal workshop was followed by the external stakeholder workshops (as discussed in Section 2) to provide government agencies and industry professionals an opportunity to transfer additional information and knowledge on data sources. Following the external stakeholder workshops, additional consultation was undertaken with the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), VicRoads, Melbourne Water and Southern Rural Water (SRW) to identify the format and availability of groundwater data within each organisation.

Bore data was obtained for the Melbourne and Queenscliff 1:250,000 mapsheet area, plus an additional 20 km buffer zone (refer Figure 1). The Victorian Groundwater Management System (GMS), managed by SKM on behalf of DSE, was the primary bore dataset for the development of the hydrogeological mapping layers. Additional bore data was also obtained from Melbourne Water, SRW and the Department of Primary Industries (DPI). Bore data was not available in a readily useable format from VicRoads or the EPA, as the majority of the information was available in hard copy format only and did not contain consistent bore identifiers. Table 4 summarises the bore data sources and information obtained during the acquisition process. Sources of bore data that were not obtained and a discussion of the issues associated with these data sources is provided in Section 3.4.

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Table 4 Description of data sets obtained in the data acquisition process

Data Source Content Number of

records Information provided

DSE (GMS) Bore data 37,683

Waterlevel and groundwater salinity information (time of drilling and time series), driller’s logs and geologist logs

GEDIS Database (DPI Minerals and Mining

Database) Bore data 14,058 Drillers and geologist logs PIRVic (DPI Groundwater

Database) Bore data 531

Time series waterlevel and groundwater salinity information as well as limited information on drillers and geologists logs

Melbourne Water (Geotechnical Access

Database) Bore data 13,283

Single date information on groundwater levels and groundwater salinity (from bores drilled for Melbourne Water geotechnical works)

Melbourne Water (Geotechnical Report

Index) Bore Log

References 12,564

Limited information on groundwater levels and salinity readings. The primary function of this dataset is to indicate the existence of geologist logs. Each bore within this set possesses a hard copy log which is kept in either PDF or microfiche format by Melbourne Water. Used to provide a secondary source of data for areas where other bore data sources are limited

SRW Bore data 1,513

Information on bores that have predominantly been drilled in the last 12 months. These represent a back log of bores and will eventually be entered into the GMS. This data set contains driller’s logs and time of drilling standing waterlevel and groundwater salinity information

EPA

Site information

only (no bore data) 209

Site summary information from a selection of Clean up to Extent Practicable (CUTEP) and EPA audit sites. This source contains general information on watertable depth, groundwater salinity (as Beneficial Use Class) and groundwater flow direction

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Figure 1 Spatial distribution of bore data collected (red dashed line depicts ‘Port Phillip Special’ map boundary)

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3.2. Spatial Data A number of spatial datasets were acquired and processed as inputs for the generation of the mapping layers (refer Table 5). The complexity of this process varied depending on the data source. In some instances, significant processing was required to ensure the layers were consistent and appropriate for the project (e.g. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and surface geology).

Table 5 Spatial data sets and layers acquired for the mapping process

Theme Source Notes Year data supplied

Rivers (perennial)

Geoscience Australia1 1:250,000 Geodata V3

2008

Water bodies Geoscience

Australia 1:250,000 Geodata V3 2008

Locations Geoscience


State borders Geoscience


Coastline Geoscience


DEM DSE2 –25 m

DEM The statewide DEM was re-sampled to

50m grid cells for this project 2008

Beneficial use DSE

Four layers (Watertable, Upper Tertiary Unit, Middle Tertiary Unit, and Lower

Tertiary Unit)

2007

Geology

DPI

Compiled to a single layer from 1:250,000 mapsheets.

Simplified into 18 common map units which will be consistent with the bore

interpretation

2007

Land use

Bureau of Rural

Sciences (BRS) / DPI Land parcel based

2007

Groundwater Management

Units DSE

Includes Groundwater Management Area (GMAs) and Water Supply Protection

Areas (WSPAs)

2008

Notes: 1. © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2007. Topographic data was used in this project with the permission of Geoscience Australia.

2. The stated sourced data is copyright by the State of Victoria and licensed from DSE.

3.3. Reference Material An extensive literature review of previous groundwater investigations and reports was undertaken, from which a comprehensive list of reference material was developed (refer to Appendix A). The reference list draws on a number of sources including Geological Survey reports (both published and unpublished), major hydrogeological studies and key infrastructure projects in the region (in particular road and tunnel developments) and Rural Water Commission reports. Each reference was

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flagged in accordance to its relevance and area of coverage and copies of those references with a high level of relevance to the mapping process were acquired (if available). A particular emphasis was given to locating any references with pumping test results or aquifer parameters as these were critical to the yield and MAR potential mapping.

3.4. Data Sources Identified but not Acquired

Several data sets were identified, but not readily accessible for this project. A discussion of these data sources and the custodian organisations is provided below.

EPA – The EPA is a custodian of a significant amount of groundwater data, supplied to the EPA in contaminated site audit reports or licence reports (e.g. landfill operators, wastewater treatment plant operators). There is substantial detail on groundwater level and groundwater quality (both salinity and other parameters) that is detailed in the audit reports, but not available on the GMS. This information is highly relevant to mapping the watertable and the groundwater salinity in the Greater Melbourne area.

The EPA was approached with regard to obtaining access to this information, however it is currently available in hard copy format only and the EPA was unable to provide the resources to access this information. The EPA is currently in the process of converting all hard copy reports to PDF format documents, however this process did not occur within the timeframe of this project. The EPA was however able to provide some general site summary data for their CUTEP and selected audit sites (refer Table 4). This information covers general groundwater quality (Beneficial Use), watertable depth and groundwater flow direction.

The external workshop process also revealed a requirement amongst stakeholder groups to see some representation of Groundwater Restricted Use Zones (GRUZ) in the mapping product. The EPA was not prepared to provide this information as the location of these zones is not spatially rectified and the extent of the zones is dynamic and may change over time.

VicRoads –VicRoads is the custodian of a significant body of groundwater data associated with major road projects. The majority of this information is related to geotechnical investigations. Geopave, who manage this information on behalf of VicRoads, were contacted in order to identify the availability and format of this data. The data is currently stored in hard copy format and there is no comprehensive reference or index system. Reports are gathered and scanned manually on a site to site basis. Taking into consideration the scale of the mapping area and time constraints, a decision was made not to pursue the collection of bore data directly from VicRoads. It should be noted however that some of the VicRoads data is captured within the GMS and the Melbourne Water datasets.

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Melbourne Water – Melbourne Water was able to provide a considerable amount of data on geotechnical bores that have been installed during major infrastructure projects (refer Table 4). There is however an enormous number of shallow geotechnical bores that were not able to be captured in the data acquisition process. The vast majority of these bores have basic lithological data only (i.e. driller’s logs), which is available in PDF or microfiche format. The shallow depth, limited use (i.e. the bores do not contain quality, level or yield information) and hard copy format were key factors in the decision not to pursue this data source.

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4. Project Database Development A project database was designed in Microsoft Access to consolidate all of the bore datasets which underpin the construction of the hydrogeological mapping layers. The project database serves the following functions:

consolidates bore data from a number of sources into a central location and format;

allows a forum for the interpretation and recording of bore logs and the production of stratigraphic logs;

filters and disseminates bore datasets to allow for the stratigraphic, potentiometric, salinity and aquifer yield maps to be developed;

provides a link between the bore dataset and the GIS system in which the mapping was undertaken;

provides a dated log to store comments relating to the decisions made during the bore interpretation;

enables data used in the mapping process to be isolated, formatted and exported for inclusion in other existing information management systems (e.g. Mapshare, GMS).

The following section outlines the development of the project database and provides information on the input data sets, pre-processing of bore data, and project database structure and functionality. The project database was filtered and summarised to form the basis of the borehole database that is a project deliverable.

4.1. Input Data Sets The inputs datasets have been described in detail in Section 3. A brief summary of the bore data sources and the key information provided from each is shown in Table 6.

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Table 6 Summary of input bore data

Source No.

of R

ecor

ds

Dril

ler’s

Log

s

Geo

logi

st’s

Lo

gs

Wat

erle

vels

Ti

me

of D

rillin

g

Wat

erle

vels

Ti

me

Serie

s

Wat

er Q

ualit

y Ti

me

of D

rillin

g

Wat

er Q

ualit

y Ti

me

Serie

s

Oth

er

DSE (GMS) 37,683 GEDIS Database (DPI Minerals and

Mining Database) 14,058 PIRVIC (DPI Groundwater Database) 531

Melbourne Water (Geotechnical Access Database) 13,283 1

SRW 1,513 EPA 209 2

Notes: 1. The Melbourne Water dataset contains bore data with geo-referenced coordinates which are linked to bore logs that are only available in microfiche and pdf formats. These differ from the GMS, GEDIS and PIRVIC logs which are in a format amenable for input into the database and GIS system. 2. The EPA dataset contains generalised site information detailing the Beneficial Use segment, groundwater depth and flow direction at sites.

4.2. Pre-processing A consolidated bore list containing bore identification numbers and coordinates was generated and processed in the GIS environment to provide a series of spatial attributes or fields for each bore. The following fields were generated through this process:

RLNS (Relative Level Natural Surface) – Each bore was assigned a natural surface elevation relative to the project DEM;

Database Id – A unique database record number was assigned to each bore to act as an identifier as some duplication was encountered in the bore id numbers between the different datasets;

GMA/WSPA – Bores were flagged to track whether they are located in a Groundwater Management Unit. This process draws a distinction between groundwater management areas (GMAs) and Water Supply Protection Areas (WSPAs);

River Basin/Catchment – Assignment of a river basin/catchment for each bore on the basis of DSE spatial layers;

CMA – Assignment of a Catchment Management Authority for each bore on the basis of DSE spatial layers;

Hydrogeological Basin – Assignment of a groundwater basin to each bore. This was done using the groundwater province overlay sourced from the National Land and Water Audit site.

1:100K Map Sheet Index - Each bore was annotated to indicate the 1:100K mapsheet in which it is located.

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Surface Geology Tag – Each bore was assigned with a surface geology tag, based on a classified version of the 1:250K geological map layers.

Bedrock Filters – A filtering process was undertaken to identify those bores with a surface geology tag corresponding to the bedrock geology.

Parish - Each bore was assigned a Parish based on the Parish boundaries. This flag was useful to link older record information with more recent bore numbering systems.

4.3. Database Structure The Access database was designed with a “back-end” consisting of a series of tables containing bore data and a “front-end” which provides the user interface.

4.3.1. Database Table Structure

Bore data within the database was structured into the following five main tables:

Location table;

Construction detail table;

Stratigraphy table;

Water quality table; and

Waterlevel table.

The tables in the database were linked through the bore id field, which served as the common identifier. A relational diagram showing the structure of the database and the fields contained within each table is presented in Figure 2. Additional tables were also created to store reference and EPA data that was not bore specific.

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Figure 2 Relational data structure for the project database

A summary of each of the main tables is provided below. A full description of the fields in each table is provided in Appendix B.

Location Table

The bore location table contains coordinate information on each of the bores, as well as detail on spatial characteristics (e.g. WSPA, Parish, River Basin etc.), bore depth and elevation. The table also contains a series of flags that track the use of bores in the generation of the different mapping layers.

Construction Detail Table

The construction detail table contains information on bore construction, including the depth of the completed well, screened interval and lithology of the screened interval. The construction details are combined with the bore location details in the user interface and are contained in the bore details tab (refer section 2.3.2)

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Stratigraphy Table

The stratigraphy table contains information from driller’s logs and geologist logs recorded during the drilling of groundwater bores. This table also records the stratigraphic breakdown of interpreted bores.

Water Quality Table

The water quality table contains information on bores with both single and time series salinity measurements. Individual bores may contain salinity measurements in EC (Electrical Conductivity) units, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) units or both. In order to maintain consistency with the State Environment Protection Policy (SEPP) – Groundwaters of Victoria Beneficial Use classes, TDS was selected as the mapping measurement for the water quality layers. If a TDS measurement was not available in the database, a conversion factor of 0.6 was applied to the recorded EC measurement to convert it to TDS (e.g. 1000 EC x 0.6 = 600 mg/L TDS).

A data currency code was automatically assigned to each of the water quality readings, on the basis of the measurement date. The data currency code allowed the distribution and reliability of the salinity reading to be mapped and assessed during the generation of the mapping layers. The data currency code was assigned according to the following rules:

Water quality reading within 1 year of September 2006 = 1 Water quality reading within 5 years of September 2006 = 2 Water quality reading within 10 years of September 2006 = 3 Water quality reading > 10 years of September 2006 = 4

The mapping of water quality was originally going to be based on spring 2006 data, however restricting the salinity readings to this time frame was found to result in a sparse data set that was not likely to produce a meaningful surface. As it was assumed that the groundwater salinity would not change significantly over time (i.e. the water quality would not shift Beneficial Use segment), it was subsequently decided that the salinity mapping would be undertaken using the latest reading from all bores with a salinity measurement (TDS or converted EC).

Waterlevel Table

The waterlevel table contains information on bores with single measurement waterlevel readings and time series waterlevel measurements. As with the water quality data, a currency code was assigned to each bore on the basis of the proximity of its nearest reading date to September 2006. The data currency codes were assigned according to the following rules:

Time series waterlevel reading in Aug, Sep, Oct 2006 = 1

Time series waterlevel reading within 2 years of Sept 2006 = 2

Time series waterlevel reading >2 years of Sep 2006 = 3

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Time of drilling reading within 2 years of Sep 2006 = 4

Time of drilling reading within 10 years of Sep 2006 = 5

Time of drilling reading >10 years from Sept 2006 = 6

The data currency code allowed the source of the waterlevel reading and the reliability of the measurement to be mapped and analysed during the generation of the potentiometric layers. In order to maintain a consistency across the bore data set, all waterlevels are referenced to the project DEM.

4.3.2. Database User Interface Application

The initial function of the database was the collation and unification of a number of different groundwater data sets. As discussed above, the vast majority of data in the database came either directly from the source data or was generated through GIS analysis. Some functionality needed to be built in to the database however to allow for hydrogeological interpretation. In particular, the interpretation of stratigraphy, screened aquifers and the selection of waterlevel and water quality data to be used in the final mapping products.

To facilitate and standardise the manual interpretation process, a user interface was developed within the database. The user interface was designed for internal project use only, and provided unification of information from the different tables that form the database table structure (refer Section 2.3.1) allowing all data for a given bore to be reviewed in a quick and systematic manner. Undertaking the interpretation by using a designed user interface also allows quality control and standards to be built into the interpretation process.

The user interface consists of seven separate pages navigated through the use of tabs within the Access environment. The pages include bore details, stratigraphy, waterlevel, water quality, comments, reference list and a filtering page. Each of the seven pages are summarised below.

Bore Details Page

The bore details page displays unified data from the location and construction tables. Key features of this page include the ability to manually flag bores used in the generation of the individual mapping layers (e.g. stratigraphy, waterlevel, water quality), document pumping test data and aquifer parameters associated with individual bores and flag bores which contain unreliable information so that they can be excluded from the mapping process.

Stratigraphy Page

This tab allows for the drillers and geologist logs to be reviewed and a stratigraphic interpretation to be generated and saved in the database. The stratigraphic interpretations are then imported into

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the GIS system and used in conjunction with the surface geology map to generate the aquifer extent and top of unit layers.

Over 170 geological units are described in the 1:250K geology overlay within the study area. In order to standardise the interpretation process these were rationalised into 33 geological units and then further grouped into 4 major aquifer / aquitard units (refer Table 7). Units highlighted in bold font were considered to be the most relevant to the mapping in the Greater Melbourne area.

Table 7 Stratigraphic groupings used in the interpretation of bore logs

Database Code Stratigraphic Grouping Comment

Groundwater Mapping Unit

10 Quaternary Alluvial Contains all unnamed Quaternary Alluvial

deposits Watertable

11 Shepparton Formation Watertable

20 Werribee Delta Sediments Watertable

30 Port Melbourne Sand Watertable

40 Yarra Delta Group

Includes the Coode Island Silt, Moray Street Gravel and the Fishermans Bend

Silt Watertable

50 Bridgewater Formation Watertable

60 Newer Volcanics Group Watertable

70 Brighton Group

Includes the Moorabool Viaduct Sands, the Baxter Sandstone, the Black Rock

Sandstone and Red Bluff Sands Upper Tertiary Unit

71 Parilla Sand Upper Tertiary Unit

80 Fyansford Formation Middle Tertiary Unit

81 Port Campbell Limestone Middle Tertiary Unit

82 Gellibrand Marl Middle Tertiary Unit

83 Heytesbury Group Middle Tertiary Unit

85 Sale Group Upper Tertiary Unit

86 Haunted Hills Gravel Upper Tertiary Unit

87 Calivil Formation Upper Tertiary Unit

90 Batesford Limestone Includes the Lara Limestone Middle Tertiary Unit

100 Pintadeen Basalt Middle Tertiary Unit

110 Maude Formation Middle Tertiary Unit

120 Jan Juc Formation Middle Tertiary Unit

121 Clifton Formation Middle Tertiary Unit

122 Narrawaturk Marl Lower Tertiary Unit

123 Mepunga Formation Lower Tertiary Unit

130 Maddingley Coal Seam Lower Tertiary Unit

140 Demons Bluff Formation Lower Tertiary Unit

141 Unnamed alluvium Lower Tertiary Unit

142 Childers Formation Lower Tertiary Unit

143 White Hills Gravel Lower Tertiary Unit

150 Werribee Formation Lower Tertiary Unit

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Database Code Stratigraphic Grouping Comment


160 Older Volcanic Group Lower Tertiary Unit

170 Eastern View Formation Lower Tertiary Unit

171 Dilwyn Formation Lower Tertiary Unit

172 Pember Mudstone Member Lower Tertiary Unit

180 Bedrock Includes all Pre-Cainozoic units Bedrock

Water Quality Page

The water quality page presents all water quality measurements for each bore, as well as the selected water quality measurement (i.e. the water quality reading that is closest in observation date to Sept 2006) and the data quality code associated with this reading. A facility was also built into the user interface to manually reselect a different water quality reading to address those bores where there is error or uncertainty associated with the automatically selected reading.

Waterlevel Page

The waterlevel page presents all waterlevel measurements for each bore. As with the water quality page, the closest waterlevel measurement to September 2006 was automatically selected and displayed on the page, however facility existed in the database to manually reassign this value where it is unreliable.

Interpretation/Comments Log

A separate page was included in the user interface to allow comments to be recorded during the interpretation of bores and the generation of the mapping layers. This log was used to record all observations, decisions and assumptions made during the generation of the mapping process, to note key references for bores and areas, and to identify bores with unreliable/dubious logs.

Reference List

A bibliography of key references was generated for the project (refer Appendix A). This list was incorporated as a table in the database and a separate page included in the user interface to allow the reference list to be viewed for each 1:100K map sheet. A screen capture of the selected reference list for the Bacchus Marsh map sheet is displayed in Figure 3.

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Figure 3 Screen capture of the reference list page for the Bacchus Marsh map sheet

4.4. Advanced Filtering Features Approximately 53,000 bores were imported into the project database. To assist in reviewing these bores in a systematic and efficient manner, a multi-criteria filter page was developed. This feature allowed bore lists to be generated on the basis of single or multiple criteria. The interface incorporates all major fields in the database and allows specific bore lists to be created and exported into the GIS system with ease (see Figure 4).

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Figure 4 Screen Capture of the Filter Function within the database

4.5. Borehole Database

A key project deliverable was the borehole database, which contains records of approximately 5,000 bores used in the compilation of the aquifer extent and top of unit, potentiometry, salinity and watertable depth layers. Approximately 1,000 bores contain stratigraphic interpretations. This subset of information has also been extracted from the project database and is available for general usage. Details of the borehole database structure are shown in Figure 5. A full description of the fields in each table is provided in Appendix C.

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Figure 5 Relational data structure for the borehole database

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5. Layer Generation - Methodology 5.1. Mapping Layers The building blocks of all the mapped products was a series of groundwater layers, constructed from the interpreted bore data, existing GIS layers and reference material. The layers represent a combination of aquifer units and hydrogeological parameters. There are also additional layers (e.g. DEM) that are stand alone layers and not directly related to a single aquifer unit.

During the mapping process the approach was modified slightly from the product specification, to ensure better consistency with existing and currently underway mapping programs. The number of mapping outputs did not change, however it was more consistent to revise some of the naming conventions used in the mapping process.

Table 8 summarises the base layers for the Melbourne Groundwater Directory.

Table 8 Summary of mapping layers

Layer

Exte

nt a

nd

Top

of U

nit

Pote

ntio

met

ry

Salin

ity

Yiel

d or

Si

mila

r

Wat

erta

ble

Dep

th

MA

R P

oten

tial

DEM

Cro

ss

Sect

ions

GM

U L

ayer


(Previous Name)


(Revised Classification)

Quaternary Alluvial

Formations Watertable1

Newer Volcanics Watertable2

Brighton Group and Equivalents

Upper Tertiary Unit

Torquay Group Middle Tertiary

Unit

Werribee Formation/Lower

Tertiary Lower Tertiary

Unit

Bedrock Bedrock

Watertable Watertable

Other Other

Notes: 1. Where the Quaternary Alluvial Formations comprise the watertable 2. Where the Newer Volcanics comprise the watertable

Some units such as the Quaternary Alluvium and Newer Volcanics were not be mapped in their own right, however were represented in the watertable overlay which forms a combination of

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various aquifer units (refer to Table 7 for the full list of stratigraphic groupings within each groundwater mapping unit). Potentiometry, salinity and yield were not mapped for the Middle Tertiary Unit as it is predominantly an aquitard and the resource potential of this unit generally low, as is the amount of bore data available. Parts of the Middle Tertiary Unit do however provide an accessible source of groundwater (e.g. Fyansford Formation in the south eastern suburbs of Melbourne). This has been accounted for by incorporating the Middle Tertiary Unit as part of the Upper Tertiary Unit where relevant.

5.1.1. Extent and Top of Unit

Bores were interpreted using a combination of geologist logs, driller’s logs and other information from a range of data sources. In many instances hard copy and microfiche records were relied on to aid with the stratigraphic interpretation.

Bores were interpreted to define the following stratigraphic breaks:

Top of the pre-Tertiary bedrock surface; Top of the Lower Tertiary Unit; Top of the Middle Tertiary Unit; and Top of the Upper Tertiary Unit.

Each stratigraphic break was assigned a height relative to the Australian Height Datum (AHD) from the project DEM. Surface geology was also cross referenced with the DEM to allocate elevation values to outcropping geology. The bore data and outcropping geology were then imported into a surfacing software package, to generate contours for the top of each of the modelled geological surfaces. The contours were then reviewed by a hydrogeologist on a 1:100K basis and hand drawn corrections were made to create a more realistic surface. The corrected contours were then digitised and used as additional input to the modelling process. Several iterations of this process (modelling, hand contouring, digitising and re-running the model) were undertaken. The final step in the modelling process was to compare the modelled surfaces with the bore data to identify where the unit was absent or was below the base of the borehole. Faults were included in the modelling analysis in two instances - where there was a significant and referenced displacement; or where the bore data/outcrop supported the inclusion of a fault. With one exception (fault to the east of the You Yangs) the location/presence of faults was taken from the DPI 1:250K geological mapping GIS layer.

One advantage of the technique adopted is the ability to model geological surfaces as a single system. For this project, the top of the Pre-tertiary bedrock was completed first and was then used as an input to define the location, extent and structure of the Lower Tertiary Unit. Similarly, once this was completed both the Lower Tertiary and bedrock surfaces were used as an input in the modelling of the Middle Tertiary Unit, and finally all three were used to help define the structure of

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the Upper Tertiary Unit. This resulted in the surfaces being entirely consistent and not contradicting each other.

In the outcrop areas, the confidence in the mapped surface elevation is a direct relationship of the accuracy of the surface geology and the digital terrain model. In subsurface areas, the confidence relates to the proximity to stratigraphic bore data (or aquifer outcrop) and the density of that data. Interpretation of the lithological data into stratigraphic units was highly dependent on the quality of the stratigraphic log.

5.1.2. Watertable Elevation and Potentiometry

Watertable

The watertable elevation was compiled to represent the watertable surface as at Spring 2006 (or as close to this date as the data would allow). The watertable elevation layer was modelled using a geostatistical method called Sequential Gaussian Simulations (SGS). The key advantage of SGS is that it allows the incorporation of other information, such as surface water hydrology and it is possible to place bounds on the modelled watertable surface to prevent it from becoming artesian, or unusually deep in areas of sparse data.

Watertable bores were selected for modelling based on the following rules:

bores less than 30m in depth;

bores located within outcropping bedrock; and

selected SOBN bores where they were considered to be monitoring the watertable aquifer (this was made on a case by case basis).

Only bores with a waterlevel reading in 2006 or 2007 (and as close to Spring 2006 as possible) were used in the input data set for the modelling. Within this timeframe however, both bores with time series data and single estimate time of drilling data were considered. The final modelled surface was correlated with the bore data to ensure that the actual readings were honoured.

Confidence in the watertable elevation layer is directly related to the availability and distribution of data representative of the 2006 – 2007 period. In addition, the analysis technique used to compile the watertable surface may not correctly represent the impact of significant groundwater extraction. This should be taken into account when using this data in areas where extraction is known to occur.

Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Units

Potentiometric surfaces for the Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Units were hand contoured using SOBN bore data with 2006 to 2007 waterlevel readings. In areas where the aquifers outcrop, the watertable elevation was used as an input in the hand contouring process.

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As with the watertable elevation, confidence in these surfaces is directly related to the availability and distribution of data representative of the 2006 – 2007 period.

5.1.3. Salinity

Salinity modelling was undertaken using a custom geostatistical modelling program (GSLIB). A method called Ordinary Kriging was implemented, which involves the development of a spatial interpolation model (called a variogram) that is explicitly based on the modelling data (GSLIB, 1992). The modelling technique was undertaken on a 50m2 grid cell basis.

Watertable bores were selected for salinity modelling based on the following rules:

bores less than 30m in depth;

bores located within outcropping bedrock; and

selected SOBN bores where they were considered to be monitoring the watertable aquifer (this was made on a case by case basis).

In contrast to the potentiometric surface mapping however, the salinity mapping was undertaken using the latest reading from all bores with a salinity recorded. It was assumed that the groundwater salinity would not change significantly over time (i.e. the water quality would not shift Beneficial Use segment) and to restrict the mapping to a 2006 or 2007 salinity reading would result in a sparse data set that would not produce a meaningful surface.

Bores used in the salinity modelling of the Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Unit layers came from two sources. The first data set was SOBN or other monitoring bores where the monitored aquifer is identified. The second data set was obtained by intersecting the screened interval of the bore with the derived aquifer surfaces in order to maximise the amount of groundwater salinity data available. Where there was no screened interval, the bottom six metres of the bore was assumed to be the screened interval (this was the average screened interval for all bores that possessed this information). The above process was cross checked by reviewing bore logs, chemistry reports and construction reports. Where bores were identified as not monitoring the target aquifer, they were removed from the modelling process.

The aim of the salinity modelling was to produce a generalised surface that reflects and displays large scale trends in salinity. To achieve this result, outlying data points were excluded, however the removal of these points was preserved in the modelling input files and can be identified in the accompanying data for each layer. Multiple iterations of each layer were run through the model to obtain an acceptable surface. The surface was then run through an averaging process to smooth the edges of each category and remove any artefacts. Small additions were also made by hand and the results of the watertable salinity surface was synthesised with the Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Unit surfaces where the aquifers outcrop.

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The groundwater salinity was mapped as milligrams per litre (mg/L) Total dissolved Solids (TDS). Confidence in the groundwater salinity layers is directly related to the availability and distribution of bore data. In areas of data complexity, values that significantly differ from the dominant trend in that area were omitted from the mapping.

5.1.4. Yield

Hydraulic Conductivity and Transmissivity

Hydraulic characteristics (i.e. hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity) of an aquifer vary in different parts of the study area, due to changes in aquifer thickness and lithological characteristics. To account for this, a mapping technique was employed to assign aquifer parameters to sub-regions or provinces that comprise similar characteristics.

Leonard (1979) divided Melbourne’s aquifers into six hydrogeological provinces, five for the Cainozoic Aquifers (i.e. the unconsolidated sediments and basalt) and one for the bedrock (Northern Province). For the purposes of this project, five additional provinces were added to enable the inclusion of the Western Port, Otway, Anglesea-Torquay, Silvan-Wandin and Werribee Delta areas.

For the Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Units, a hydraulic conductivity value was defined for each of the aquifer units, within each of the provinces. The selection of hydraulic conductivity values were informed by a number of different sources (with references). Due to the complexity of the watertable aquifer system, hydraulic characteristics were assigned according to surface geology, rather than by province.

The eleven hydrogeological provinces and the assigned hydraulic conductivity values for the Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Units are provided in Table 9

Table 9 Hydrogeological provinces and assigned hydraulic conductivity values

Hydrogeological province

Hydraulic conductivity (m/day)

Upper Tertiary Unit Lower Tertiary Unit

Western 0.30 1.50 Werribee Delta 0.30 1.50 South Eastern 1.90 1.00

Mornington 0.40 1.00 Western Port 2.00 1.00

Nepean 0.40 1.50 Bellarine 0.30 1.25 Otway 0.30 1.25

Anglesea-Torquay 0.30 2.00 North Eastern n/a n/a

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Hydrogeological province

Hydraulic conductivity (m/day)

Upper Tertiary Unit Lower Tertiary Unit

Silvan-Wandin n/a 1.00

To obtain a transmissivity value for each of the aquifers, within each of the provinces, the assigned hydraulic conductivity values were subsequently input into the GIS, and multiplied by the saturated thickness of the aquifer, using the following equation:

T = Kb

Where;

T = Transmissivity

K = Hydraulic Conductivity

b = Aquifer thickness

Yield Potential

The groundwater yield potential represents the volume of water that could be extracted through a single (hypothetical) bore that fully penetrates the aquifer and is operated continuously for 180 days. The yield volume was calculated using the Theis (1935) solution to transient groundwater flow. Aquifer properties (e.g. hydraulic conductivity, aquifer thickness, specific yield, storage co-efficient) in conjunction with operational constraints (e.g. maximum allowable drawdown, period of operation) were used to determine the extraction rate per bore, in the following five categories (refer Table 10). The analysis was conducted for the Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Units and the Watertable.

Table 10 Estimated Yield Volume

Annual Volume (ML/yr)

Average Pump Rate (L/sec) Potential Demand

20 <1 Suitable for stock and domestic use only

20 - 100 1 – 5 Suitable for stock and domestic use and small scale

irrigation and industrial use 100 - 150 5 – 10 Suitable for irrigation and industrial use 150 - 800 10 – 50 Suitable for irrigation and industrial use

>800 >50 Suitable for irrigation and industrial use

The maximum allowable drawdown of the hypothetical bore was assumed to be 50% of the available pumping head (i.e. thickness from the watertable / potentiometric surface to the base of the aquifer) to an upper limit of 50 m of available head. For the purposes of this project, a

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continuous operational period of 180 days was adopted. The 180 day period was assumed to be the upper estimate of the number of days in which extraction would occur over a 12 month period. It also allows for non-extraction periods to enable recovery of the waterlevel in the aquifer and for maintenance of the bore and/or pump.

The hypothetical bore was used to provide an objective assessment of the potential availability of groundwater, based on the aquifer properties. It should be noted that the yield of a groundwater bore is likely to be lower than that mapped if the bore screen does not fully penetrate the aquifer; there is bore interference; or the bore has not fully recovered between pumping events. Conversely, higher yields than those mapped could be expected for shorter periods of pumping (e.g. hours or days). It should also be noted that the yield mapping does not include consideration of groundwater management issues, such as existing groundwater allocations, impacts on neighbouring bores, or protection of groundwater dependent ecosystems.

5.1.5. Watertable Depth

The depth to watertable layer was modelled as a subtraction of the watertable elevation from the DEM surface. The resultant surface was quality checked to ensure that any small errors in either surface did not magnify to become bigger issues (e.g. to ensure that the depth to watertable in a coastal area did not imply the watertable was below sea level). Confidence in this layer is a direct relationship with the accuracy of the watertable elevation and DEM.

5.1.6. MAR Potential

The technique referred to as MAR is the process of intentionally injecting or infiltrating water into an aquifer and then extracting the water for use at a later date. There are many different types of MAR, however the storage potential for this map was calculated based on a specific type of MAR known as Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR). This type of MAR involves collection or harvesting of surplus supplies of water (e.g. stormwater or recycled water), treatment, and then pumping of this water via one or more wells into an aquifer, with subsequent extraction for reuse via the same wells.

The method for determining the MAR potential was adopted having considered previous efforts in Melbourne (Dudding et al, 2006), Adelaide (Pavelic, Gerges, Dillon and Armstrong, 1992; Hodgkin, 2004) and Perth (Scatena and Williamson, 1999). The MAR potential represents the volume of water that could be injected through a single bore that fully penetrates the aquifer and is operated continuously for 180 days. It was assumed that suitable treatment methods would be applied so that clogging would not be a constraint on the recharge potential. It was also assumed the volume of water available for recharge would be sufficient so that an adequate proportion of the injected water could be recovered at a quality fit for use.

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The volume that could be injected into a bore was calculated using the Theis (1935) solution to transient groundwater flow. Aquifer properties in conjunction with the operational constraints (e.g. maximum allowable impressed head, well efficiency, period of operation, and velocity across the well screen) were used to determine the annual injection rate per bore, in four categories ranging from very low to high (refer Table 11). The analysis was conducted for Upper Tertiary, Lower Tertiary Units and the Watertable.

Table 11 Estimated MAR capacity

Annual Injection

Volume (ML/yr) Category Average

Injection Rate Potential Water Supply

<20 Very Low <0.1 ML/day (<1.2 L/sec)

Rain water from individual houses or cluster developments

20 – 100 Low 0.1 - 0.5 ML/day (1.2 - 5.8 L/sec)

Rain water or stormwater from small housing, commercial or industrial developments with

detention storage and treatment

100 – 200 Moderate 0.5 - 1 ML/day

(5.8 - 11.6 L/sec)

Small size stormwater catchments, detention pond and treatment plant or sewer main and treatment

plant

>200 High >1 ML/day

(>11.6 L/sec)

Moderate size stormwater catchments, detention pond and treatment plant or sewer trunk main and

treatment plant

Operational Limitations

Maximum Allowable Impressed Head and Well Efficiency

For unconfined aquifers the maximum allowable impressed head was considered to be the distance between the ground surface and the watertable. The maximum allowable impressed head was further reduced by assuming that the injection bore would operate with a well efficiency of 80% (refer Table 12). The maximum allowable impressed head for the confined aquifers was assumed to be 1.5 times the depth from the ground surface to the top of the confined aquifer (to an upper limit of 50 m of available head).

Table 12 Maximum allowable impressed head for unconfined aquifers

Water Table Depth (m) Max Allowable Impressed Head

(m) – 100% Well Efficiency

Impressed Head (m) Used to Calculate Storage Potential –

80% Well Efficiency

<5 Water table too shallow for

injection Water table too shallow for

injection 5 to 10 5 4

10 to 20 10 8 >20 20 16

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Period of Operation

For the purposes of this assessment, a continuous operational period of 180 days was adopted. The 180 day period was assumed to be the upper estimate of the number of days in which source water would be available for injection over a 12 month period. This also allows for non-injection periods to enable pumping and maintenance of the injection bore and/or pump.

Velocity Across the Well Screen

For water supply bores the upper limit for the entry velocity is usually restricted to 0.03 m/sec in order to minimise well losses, corrosion, and abrasion. However, a factor of safety is normally applied which reduces the design entry velocity to 0.015m/sec (Driscoll, 1986). With a typical injection bore diameter of 200 mm and a screen open area of 35%, the aquifer would need to be less than 10 m thick and the injection rate greater than 1.5 ML/day before the entry velocity would exceed 0.015 m/sec. With most aquifers having a thickness significantly greater than 10 m it is highly unlikely that the entry velocity across the injection bore screen would be a constraint to the MAR potential.

5.1.7. Digital Elevation Model

The project used the Victorian state wide DEM (Vicmap Elevation Digital Terrain Model (DTM) 20m) which was re-sampled by our spatial team to meet the project requirements. Vicmap Elevation DTM 20 m has a spatial resolution of 20 m and has a positional of 12.5 m horizontally and 5 m vertically or better. It was constructed using source data of various resolutions, accuracies and ages to produce an improved statewide DTM containing increased detail in localised areas. The DTM is hydrologically enforced and correctly defines the natural surface drainage and hydrological flow. The methodology developed by SKM for DSE utilised a combination of ArcInfo TIN and ANUDEM processes to ensure that stream enforcement is achieved while maintaining a DTM which closely conforms to the original input data. More information on the methodology can be found in the product metadata description (www.land.vic.gov.au/vicmap).

The re-sampling for this project has altered this accuracy to suit the required project mapping scale of 1:250,000 and 50m grid cell sizes.

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6. Data Gaps and Limitations 6.1. Key Data Gaps / Areas of Uncertainty

Bore data used in the generation of the structural, potentiometry and salinity layers has been posted onto maps of each aquifer system, to highlight the key areas of uncertainty for each layer. A discussion of the key data gaps and recommended priority areas for future groundwater investigation is provided below. The yield, watertable depth and MAR potential layers are not included in the discussion below as these were derived layers (i.e. were not generated from bore data).

6.1.1. Extent and Top of Unit

Figure 6 Distribution of bore data used in compilation of the Bedrock structural surface

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Figure 7 Distribution of bore data used in compilation of the Lower Tertiary Unit structural surface

Figure 8 Distribution of bore data used in compilation of the Middle Tertiary Unit structural surface

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Figure 9 Distribution of bore data used in compilation of the Upper Tertiary Unit structural surface

Figures 6 to 9 illustrate the distribution of bore data used in the compilation of the structural surfaces. As can be seen, there is a relatively good coverage of bore data for each of the layers generated. Key areas of data uncertainty for the bedrock structural surface include to the west of Melbourne, between Bacchus Marsh and Werribee, west of Geelong and on the Bellarine Peninsula. For the Lower, Middle and Upper Tertiary Units the main areas of data uncertainty are in the vicinity of Werribee, Ocean Grove and Torquay.

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6.1.2. Potentiometry

Figure 10 Distribution of bore data used in compilation of the Lower Tertiary Unit

potentiometry

Figure 11 Distribution of bore data used in compilation of the Upper Tertiary Unit potentiometry

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Figure 12 Distribution of bore data used in compilation of the Watertable elevation

The distribution of bore data used in the compilation of the watertable elevation and potentiometric surfaces is illustrated in Figures 10 to 12. As can be seen, the main areas of uncertainty for the Lower Tertiary Unit include west of Melbourne, west of Geelong and on the Bellarine Peninsula. For the Upper Tertiary Unit the main data gaps include west of Melbourne, around Werribee, and the Bellarine and Nepean Peninsulas. These data gaps are more significant for aquifer potentiometry than for the aquifer extents and top of units (comparing Figures 7 and 10, Figures 9 and 11). This demonstrates a lack of active groundwater level monitoring for the Lower Tertiary and Upper Tertiary Units. As can be seen in Figure 12, the watertable elevation layer has a relatively good coverage of bore data. The main areas of uncertainty for this layer include west of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula, extending down to Ocean Grove and Torquay.

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6.1.3. Salinity

Figure 13 Distribution of bore data used in compilation of the Lower Tertiary Unit salinity

Figure 14 Distribution of bore data used in compilation of the Upper Tertiary Unit salinity

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Figure 15 Distribution of bore data used in compilation of the Watertable salinity

Figures 13 to 15 illustrate the distribution of bore data used in the compilation of the salinity surfaces. Key areas of uncertainty for the Lower Tertiary and Upper Tertiary Units include west of Melbourne, Geelong, Ocean Grove, Torquay and the Nepean Peninsula. There is a relatively good coverage of bore data for the watertable salinity layer.

6.1.4. Scale

The scarcity of bore data for many areas meant that it was not always possible to capture the fine detail within each of the layers. This is particularly relevant for the structural unit surfaces, where a thorough understanding of the stratigraphy and groundwater processes was required to interpret between areas where there was limited input data (i.e. geologist / driller’s logs).

With this limitation in mind, the mapping layers were compiled the aim of producing a generalised surface that reflects and displays large scale trends. As such, the appropriate viewing scale for each of the maps is 1:250,000 or smaller.

6.2. Recommended Product Uses

The mapping products have been complied to convey the general status and condition of the groundwater around Melbourne. The section below briefly describes the recommended product uses for each of the mapped layers.

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Extent and Top of Unit - The aquifer extent and top of unit surfaces were mapped for the Upper Tertiary Unit, Middle Tertiary Unit and Lower Tertiary Unit and the Bedrock. These surfaces form key pieces of information allowing for targeted development of groundwater resources and assist in identifying the drilling depth required to develop the groundwater resource.

Potentiometry and Groundwater Flow Directions - The potentiometry map depicts the surface representative of the level to which water will rise in a bore screened within that aquifer and provides an indication of the direction of groundwater flow within that aquifer. These maps can be used as a planning tool to assisting resource managers and the community to make better resource allocation and management decisions, thus leading to better environmental condition.

Salinity - Groundwater salinity was mapped for the Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Units and the Watertable, with the dataset contoured and presented according to SEPP Beneficial Use categories. Groundwater salinity is a limiting factor in any assessment of the groundwater resource potential and the salinity maps assist in identifying areas that contain viable, useable groundwater resources.

Yield - Bore yield is a limiting factor for the large scale (irrigation, commercial use) development of the groundwater resource. The bore yield maps produced for the Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Units and the Watertable enable preliminary assessment and comparison of areas of potential groundwater resource development and allow for targeted development of groundwater resources and to minimise the extent of exploratory drilling that is required in the investigation phase.

Watertable Depth - This map shows the depth to watertable, measured in metres below ground surface. This layer is an important component in assessing development constraints and identifying areas of groundwater/surface water interaction and areas that contain valuable groundwater resources.

MAR Potential – Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) has great potential across Australia in both urban and rural environments. However, the relatively high cost of investigating MAR schemes, relative to other options, is often a significant impediment to their establishment. MAR potential maps provide a means for giving a strategic appraisal for MAR schemes and to reduce some of the initial uncertainty associated with MAR investigations.

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7. Recommendations for Update of Mapping Products

7.1. Mapping Techniques and Future Updates

The framework used in the development of the Melbourne Groundwater Directory is shown in Figure 16. A summary of the suitability of the mapping techniques used for each of the layers generated and the recommended timeframe for updates to mapping layers is provided below.

Figure 16 Framework for the Melbourne Groundwater Directory

DEM - The project used the Victorian state wide DEM (10 m grid size) which was re-sampled by the spatial team to meet the project requirements. Within the project area, the only region likely to see significant improvement in the available terrain data is the coastal fringe. This area is currently being compiled by DSE as part of the Victorian Coastal Digital Elevation Model. The subsequent re-sampling of the data to meet the project requirements mean there would be little if any benefit in recompiling the project terrain model.

Extent and Top of Unit – Extents for each of the main aquifer units (Lower, Middle and Upper Tertiary and Bedrock) were derived from surface geology layers, reference material and interpreted bore data. A surface was then generated for each of these systems defining the top of the aquifers.

Consultation

STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONSpecification of Products to be Delivered

Project Management

GMS/GEDIS

Melbourne Water

Vicroads

EPA

DSE systems

Reports and Studies

other

Maps

Feedback of Data into Existing Systems

Generation of Mapping

Layers

•Aquifer Extent•Potentiometry•Water Quality•Yield•ASR Potential•DTWT•Recharge zones

Brochure

Report

Procedurefor Update

Input into Map Design

PRODUCTS

Developmentof ProjectDatabase

DataAcquisition

DataInterpretationand Analysis

SpatialLayers

for Mapshare

Edited Datafor GMS & Data

Warehouse

Web Content

DATA SOURCES

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The development of these surfaces required a thorough understanding of the stratigraphy and groundwater processes. As such, input data was first run through the surfacing software package. This was followed by hand contouring of the surfaces to fully capture the “soft knowledge” and provide a more realistic surface.

The availability of data for structural mapping (e.g. geologist / driller’s logs) is not likely to change significantly from year to year. As such, it is recommended that the aquifer extent and top of unit layer be updated using a similar technique every 5 years, or upon completion of large projects where a significant amount of bore data for newly investigated areas has become available.

The 1:250,000 surface geology mapping used for the project was supplied by DPI (2007). DPI currently has a program to review and update this mapping. This program should be monitored, and the potential impact of changes to the mapped geological units in the project area assessed.

Potentiometry – A potentiometric surface was developed for the Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Units and the Watertable. The watertable elevation was generated using a geostatistical method called Sequential Gaussian Simulations (SGS), then smoothed and cross checked with actual bore data to ensure that the waterlevels readings were honoured. SGS was selected as the optimum method to map the watertable elevation as a significant amount of bore data was available and it would allow the surface to be objectively updated in the future. Due to the limited amount of bore data for the Upper Tertiary and Lower Tertiary Units however, a hand contouring step was also used to create the potentiometric surfaces and ensure that the maximum amount of information was extracted from the data set.

It is recommended that future updates to the surfaces be undertaken on a yearly (if feasible) or two-yearly basis using SGS (or similar method) where the data permits and manual review and interpretation where there is limited data available.

Salinity – Salinity modelling was undertaken using Ordinary Kriging in a custom geostatistical modelling program (GSLIB), followed by smoothing of the surfaces and removal of outlying data points. It is recommended that future updates be undertaken every 2 to 5 years, using GSLIB or a similar Kriging method.

Yield – The groundwater yield potential was calculated using the Theis solution to transient groundwater flow. Aquifer properties (e.g. hydraulic conductivity, aquifer thickness, specific yield, storage co-efficient) in conjunction with operational constraints (e.g. maximum allowable drawdown, period of operation) were used to produce the surface.

It is recommended that groundwater yield layers be updated every 5 years, following the updating of the aquifer extent and top of unit layers and obtaining updated information on aquifer properties (e.g. hydraulic conductivity, specific yield and storage co-efficient).

Methods Report


Watertable Depth – The depth to watertable was generated by subtracting the watertable elevation from the project DEM. Depending on the level of usage and demand for this information, this layer could be updated on a yearly (if feasible) or two-yearly basis, following the updating of the watertable elevation layer.

MAR Potential – The MAR potential was calculated using the Theis solution to transient groundwater flow. It is recommended that this layer be updated every 5 years, following the updating of the aquifer extent and top of unit layers and obtaining updated information on aquifer properties (e.g. hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, storage co-efficient).

Table 13 summarises the techniques used to create each of the mapping layers and the recommended timeframe for future updates.

Table 13 Mapping techniques and recommended updates

Current Mapping

Technique Recommended Future

Mapping Technique Recommended

Timeframe for Updates

DEM

Produced from the recently completed high

resolution DEM for Victoria Existing terrain model Not envisaged

Extent and Top of Unit

Surface modelling plus hand contouring

Surface modelling plus hand contouring

5 yearly, or upon completion of large

projects or changes to surface geology

mapping.

Potentiometry

Watertable – SGS and hand contouring

Lower Tertiary / Upper Tertiary – hand

contouring

SGS (or similar method) where the data permits and hand contouring / interpretation where there is limited data

available Yearly (or two-yearly)

Salinity

Ordinary Kriging (GSLIB), followed by

smoothing

GSLIB or a similar Kriging method, followed

by smoothing 2 – 5 years

Yield Theis solution Theis solution

Following updates to extent and top of unit

layers (5 yearly)

Watertable Depth

Watertable elevation subtracted from the

project DEM

Watertable elevation subtracted from the

project DEM

Following updates to the watertable elevation

(yearly or two-yearly) or DEM

MAR Potential Theis solution Theis solution

Following updates to extent and top of unit

layers (5 yearly)

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7.2. Recommendations for future work

Data to GMS

It is recommended that data used in the interpretation and development of the mapping layers, in particular bore information that was captured from sources other than the GMS, is formatted and provided to DSE to import into the GMS (or its successor currently in development).

Product Review

After 4 to 5 years it is recommended that a review of each of the products be undertaken to access their accuracy, usability and currency. If required, the mapped layers should be updated to reflect any recommendations made as a result of the review process. As part of the mapping update, an attempt should be made to obtain those additional data sources identified but not acquired in the current project (refer Section 3.4).

Methods Report


8. References Anonymous (1983). International Legend for Hydrogeological Maps. – Revised edition ( UNESCO Technical Document, SC-84/WS/7, 51 pp., Paris).

BMR (1988) Division of Continental Geology. Preliminary shallow groundwater salinity map of the Murray Basin [map] [Canberra. Division of Continental Geology, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Dept. of Primary Industries and Energy, 1988.

Driscoll, F. G. (1986). Groundwater and Wells, 2nd Edn. Published by U.S. Filter/Johnson Screens. ISBN 0-9616456-0-1.

Dudding, M., Evans, R., Dillon, P. and Molloy, R. (2006). Report on Broad Scale Map of ASR Potential in Melbourne. SKM and CSIRO Report to Smart Water Fund, March 2006, 49p. http://www.smartwater.com.au/caseStudies.asp

GSLIB (1992) Geostatistical Software Library and User's Guide by Clayton Deutsch and André Journal, 340 pp.

Habermehl, MA and Lau, JE. (1997). Hydrogeology of the Great Artesian Basin, Australia (map at scale 1:2,500,000). Australian Geological Survey Organisation, Canberra.

Hodgkin, T. (2004). Aquifer Storage Capacities of the Adelaide Region. South Australia Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation Report 2004/47.

Leonard, J.G. (1979). Preliminary assessment of the groundwater resources in the Port Phillip Region. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. No. 66

Pavelic, P., Gerges, N.Z., Dillon, P.J. and Armstrong, D. (1992). The potential for storage and reuse of Adelaide's stormwater runoff using the Upper Quaternary groundwater system. Centre for Groundwater Studies Report No. 40.

Scatena, M.C. and Williamson, D.R. (1999). A potential role for artificial recharge within the Perth Region: a pre-feasibility study. Centre for Groundwater Studies Report No 84.

Theis, C.V. (1935). The relation between the lowering of the piezometric surface and the rate and duration of discharge of a well using groundwater storage, Am. Geophys. Union Trans., vol. 16, pp. 519-524.

Methods Report


Appendix A – Bibliography The following is a list of articles and reports identified as having some relevance to the hydrogeological mapping process. Only those references with a high level of relevance to the mapping process were acquired (if available). This bibliography is also available as a standalone Excel spreadsheet.

Abele C, (1984) Geology of the Anglesea area, Victoria: an excursion guide. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1984/051 Abele, C. (1970) Tertiary geology of the central coastal region of Victoria. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1970/56. Abele, C. (1976) Tertiary ‑ Central Coastal Basins. In J.G. Douglas & J.A. Ferguson (eds). Geology of Victoria. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 5, pp. 229‑248. Abele, C. (1977) Explanatory notes on the Queenscliff 1: 250,000 geological map. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1977/5. . Abele, C. (1988) Central coastal basins. Tertiary In Geology of Victoria 2nd ed. (Eds J.G. Douglas and J.A. Ferguson). Vict. Div. Geol. Soc. Aust. pp 803-322. . AGC (1983) Western trunk sewer, tunnel sections groundwater investigations. Consultants report for the MMBW. Australian Groundwater Consultants Job 296/10. . AGC (1987) Leachate generation from municipal landfill and its impact on groundwater resources. Stage 1 report. South Eastern Regional Refuse Disposal Group. Australian Groundwater Consultants Pty. Ltd. Melbourne. . Anderson, J.R. (1972) The Quaternary geology and sedimentology of the Gallus sites at Keilor, Victoria. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne. Anderson, R.B. (1983) Acid and sulphate distribution in groundwater of the Melbourne area with respect to their potential for concrete corrosion. In Papers of the International Conference on Groundwater and Man. AWRC Conf. Ser. No. 8. Anderson, R.B. (1988) Cherry Lake and Truganina Swamp Study: Geological Survey, Victoria, Report No. G‑88/. Anderson, R.B. (1988) Werribee Farm groundwater study - nutrient load to Port Phillip Bay Stage 1 MMBW, Melbourne. Anderson, R.B. (1988) Western Trunk Sewer - Stage 6, groundwater Sulphate Distribution, Kororoit Creek shaft to Brooklyn pumping station. Engineering Geology Report 87/909. Civil Engineering and Geotechnical Services Branch, Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works. February. Anon, (1972) A review of the aquifer systems near Melbourne and the possibility of using treated effluent for artificial recharge. Geological Survey of Victoria. Report, 1972/1. Anon. Brick Pits, Melbourne. Victorian mining plans and sections. Plan No 2334. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon. (1937) Parish of Melbourne South. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2541/D/5. Plan No 2541. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. . Anon. (1957) Basalt boring, parish of Wollert. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2655/D/1. Plan No 2655. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon. (1960). Sand pits, parish of Mordialloc. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2634/M/8. Plan No 2634. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open fil. Anon. (1960) Arundel Estate quarries, parish of Tullamarine. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map Z/MISC/104. Plan No 2644. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon. (1960) Preston Sand and Clay Pit, parish of Keelbundora. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2689/M/1. Plan No 2689. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon. (1962) Kavanagh pit, sand pits, parish of Moorabbin. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 59/M/1. Plan No 59. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon. (1962) Sand pits, parish of Mordialloc. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2634/M/3‑7. Plan No 2634. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon. (1963) Standard Quarries, Brooklyn, parish of Cut Paw Paw. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 1600/M/5. Plan No 1600. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon. (1964) Standard Quarries, parish of Cut Paw Paw. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 1600/S/2. Plan No 1600. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon. (1975) Lancefield Water Reserve Swamp, parish of Lancefield. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 1352/M/1. Plan No 1352. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon. (1977) Groundwater Pollution Study, South‑Eastern Suburbs. Victorian mining plans and sections. Plan No 282. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file.

Methods Report


Anon. (1977) Sunshine Tip, parish of Maribyrnong. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2612/D/5. Plan No 2612. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Albert Park Lake, parish of Prahan. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 74/S/3. Plan No 74. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Alphington Quarry, parish of Jika Jika. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2559/S/2. Plan No 2559. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Auburn Brick Works, Hawthorn, parish of Boroondara. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2539/M/2. Plan No 2539. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Cherry Swamp, parish of Truganina. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map X/MISC/91. Plan No 2679. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () City Brickworks pit, Hawthorn, parish of Boroondara. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2539/M/1. Plan No 2539. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Clay pit, parish of Scoresby. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2599/D/3. Plan No 2599. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Clay pits, Oakleigh, parish of Mulgrave. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 414/M/3. Plan No 414. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Commonwealth Potteries, parish of Scoresby. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2599/D/4. Plan No 2599. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Dandenong Ranges Igneous Complex, parish of Scoresby. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2599/G/2. Plan No 2599. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Footscray, parish of Doutta Galla. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2625/S/7. Plan No 2625. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Fritzch Holzer & Co. Brick pit, parish of Boroondara. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2539/M/3. Plan No 2539. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Glenfern Quarries, parish of Scoresby. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map Z/MISC/59. Plan No 2599. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Groundwater Pollution Study, Western Suburbs. Victorian mining plans and sections 1972 to 1974. Plan No 281. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Hilbert & Nash sand pit, parish of Doutta Galla. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2625/D/1. Plan No 2625. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () ICI plant, parish of Truganina. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2679/D/2. Plan No 2679. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Lynette Park Heatherton, parish of Mordialloc. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2634/D/3. Plan No 2634. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () MMBW SE trunk sewer, Dromana tunnel, parish of Prahan. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 74/G/4. Plan No 74. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () MMBW SE trunk sewer, parish of Prahran. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 74/S/5. Plan No 74. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Parish of Tullamarine. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2644/G/1. Plan No 2644. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Pioneer Quarry, Brooklyn, parish of Cut Paw Paw. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 1600/S/9. Plan No 1600. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Quarries, Brooklyn, parish of Cut Paw Paw. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 1600/M/4. Plan No 1600. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Quarries, Shire of Ferntree Gully, parish of Scoresby. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2599/F/1. Plan No 2599. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Scoresby, parish of Scoresby. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2599/M/3. Plan No 2599. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () St Kilda Junction, parish of Prahan. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 74/S/4. Plan No 74. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Sunshine Tip, parish of Maribyrnong. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2612/D/3. Plan No 2612. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Tertiary beds, St Kilda Junction, parish of Prahan. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 74/G/3. Plan No 74. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () West Melbourne Swamp, parish of Doutta Galla. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2625/S/8. Plan No 2625. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () West Melbourne, parish of Doutta Galla. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2625/D/3. Plan No 2625. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Williamstown Naval Dockyard, parish of Cut Paw Paw. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 1600/D/2. Plan No 1600. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file.

Methods Report


Anon., undated. () Yan Yean Map Sheet Area, Yan Yean. Victorian mining plans and sections. Plan No 2693. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anon., undated. () Yarra Delta, parish of Melbourne South. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2541/S/6. Plan No 2541. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Anonymous, (1977) Groundwater analysis - Berwick Corridor. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/032 Australian Groundwater Consultants (1975) Dewatering test evaluations and recommendations, Western purification plant, Werribee, Victoria. Australian Groundwater Consultants Pty. Ltd., Job No. 296. Australian Groundwater Consultants (1983) Western trunk sewer, tunnel sections groundwater investigations. Consultants report for the MMBW. Australian Groundwater Consultants Job 296/. Australian Groundwater Consultants (1987) Leachate generation from municipal landfill and its impact on groundwater resources. Stage I report. South Eastern Regional Refuse Disposal Group. Australian Groundwater Consultants Pty. Ltd. Melbourne. Australian Groundwater Consultants (1989) Leachate generation from municipal landfill and its impact on groundwater resources. Stage II report. South Eastern Regional Refuse Disposal Group. Australian Groundwater Consultants Pty. Ltd. Melbourne. AWRC (1988) Guidelines for the preparation of Australian Hydrogeological Maps. Australian Water Resources Council Water Management Series No. Bain, A.D.N. (1951) Notes on gravel in Bacchus Marsh District. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1951/9. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp. Bain, A.D.N. (1955) Water supply for Spring Hill, Creswick. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1955/4. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp. Bamford, W.E. (1961) City of Melbourne underground railway, Test drilling of section from Victoria Parade to Welington Parade South. Interim report. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1961/84. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp. Bamford, W.E. (1961) Progress report City underground railway drilling. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1961/71. Department of Mines, Victoria, 3 pp. Bamford, W.E. (1962) Exploratory driling at State Offices site. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1962/24. Department of Mines, Victoria, 20 pp. Bannister, R. (1992) Quality of Mineral Waters of the Daylesford Area, Report no. Bannister, R. (1991) Chemistry of Mineral Waters of the Daylesford District (Victoria). Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Analytical Chemistry. Hobart Tasmania 1991. Baragwanath W, (1939) Clonbinane gold and antimony mine. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1939/14 Baragwanath, W. (1927) Further report on Sutton Spring, Daylesford. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1927/6. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp. Baragwanath, W. (1930) Boring at Hepburn Springs. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1930/36. Department of Mines, Victoria, 2 pp. Barnwell, K., Jeremiah, S., Bolger, P., and Shugg, A. (1996) Impact of Intensive Development on groundwater quality in the South Eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Groundwater and Land Use Planning Conference Proceedings. organised by the Centre for Groundwater Studies. Fremantle Western Australia September. Bartels, G.M. (1979) Part 1: Geology of the Kerrie‑Macedon area. Part 2: Benthonic foraminifera of Western Port Bay. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne. Bartlett, A.H. (1954) Boring on the proposed sites of stands to be erected at Olympic Park. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1954/21. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp. Bartlett, A.H. (1955) Gravel & sand deposits, You Yangs, parish of Wurdi Youang. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2646/G/1. Plan No 2646. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. . Bartlett, A.H. (1955) Investigation of sand and gravel deposits in the Parishes of Lara and Wurdi Youang. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1955/17. Department of Mines, Victoria, 2 pp. Bartlett, A.H. (1956) Plenty sand pit, Parish of Mordialloc. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Bell G, BOWEN K G, (1964) Report on clay bores from the Parish of Mulgrave. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1964/13 Bell G, (1955) Howe's Creek limestone deposits parish of Loyola. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1955/51 Bell G, (1961) Geological survey of Shillitos' property, Bulla. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1961/83 Bell G, (1962) Clay and Shale production in the Greater Melbourne area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1962/17 Bell G, (1964) Clay and Shale deposits of the Melbourne area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1964/17 Bell G, (1965) Don Maurice mine, Strath Creek (M. Steeth and D. Mather) Lease 11373 Bend. Parish of Derrill. Kinglake 1: 50,000-3230. 4015. Report on workings. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1965/053 Bell G, (1965) Pyrete gold mine, Gisborne, Parish of Bullengarook. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1965/036

Methods Report


Bell G, (1966) Geology of clays North of Mahoneys Road, Campbellfield. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/0 Bell G, (1966) Geology of the clay occurrence Lilydale. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/064 Bell G, (1966) Geology of the clay occurrence, Victoria Road, Lilydale. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/064 Bell G, (1966) Kaolinite fire clay in the Broadmeadows (Yuroke) area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/034 Bell G, (1966) Kaolinitic fire clay in the Broadmeadows area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/034 Bell G, (1966) Notes on the geology of clays used in Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/004 Bell G, (1967) Investigation of leached shale and sandstone, Tallarook, Allot.5, no Section, Parish of Seymour. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/048 Bell G, (1967) Leached shale and sandstone. Tallarook, Seymour. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/048 Bell G.; G. Bowen; J.G. Douglas; J.S. Hancock; J.J. Jenkins; P.R. Kenley; J.L. Knight; J.L. Neilson; D. Spencer-Jones; J.A. Talent; D.E. Thomas & R.G. Whiting. , (1967) Geology of the Melbourne District, Victoria. Bulletin Geological Survey, 59 95 p. Bell, G. & Bowen, K.G. (1964). Boring property of Dr. Stock, Highbury Road, Lt. 5, Parish of Mulgrave. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1964/13. Department of Mines, Victoria, 11 pp. Bell, G. & Knight, J.L. (1963). Shire of Whittlesea, basalt deposits. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1963/41. Department of Mines, Victoria, 9 pp. Bell, G. (1953) Proposed M.M.B.W. sewage tunnel, Spotswood. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1953/2. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp. Bell, G. (1954) Geology along proposed route of Gas and Fuel Corporation pipe‑line from Morwell to Dandenong. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1954/15. Department of Mines, Victoria, 2 pp. Bell, G. (1958) Basalt boring, Wollert, parish of Wollert. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2655/D/2. Plan No 2655. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Bell, G. (1958) Bores at Paramount Wuarry, Epping. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1958/2. Department of Mines, Victoria, 5 pp. Bell, G. (1958) Boring ‑ Standard Quarries, Epping. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1958/33. Department of Mines, Victoria, 12 pp. Bell, G. (1960) Geological map ‑ Tullamarine area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/84. Department of Mines, Victoria, 2 pp. Bell, G. (1961) Boring for weathered Silurian shale & siltstone, Clifton Brick Holdings, Summer Hill, Craigieburn option, Parish of Wollert. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1961/60. Department of Mines, Victoria. Bell, G. (1961) Geological survey of Shillitos' property, Bulla. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1961/83. Bell, G. (1961) Ringwood Map Sheet Area, Ringwood. Victorian mining plans and sections. Plan No 262. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Bell, G. (1961) Sunbury Map Sheet, Sunbury. Victorian mining plans and sections. Plan No 261. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Bell, G. (1963) Gisborne Gravel Pits, Allotment 7D, Parish of Bullengarook. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1963/33. Department of Mines, Victoria, 5 pp. Bell, G. (1963) Exploration boring of kaolinised dyke, Parish of Moorarbool West. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1963/31. Department of Mines, Victoria, 11 pp. Bell, G. (1967) Economic geology; clay and shale deposits. In Geology of the Melbourne District. Bull. Geol. Surv. Vict. 59: 68-71. . Bell, G., Bowen, G., Douglas, J.G., Hancock, J.S., Jenkins, J.J., Kenley, P.R., Knight, J.L., Neilson, J.L., Spencer-Jones, D. Talent, J.A., Thomas, D.E., and Whiting R.G. (1967) Geology of the Melbourne district, Victoria. Bulletin 59 Geological Survey Victoria, 95p. BHP Minerals Exploration. (1986) EL 1520, Mt Disappointment, Victoria. Final and six monthly report for the period ending 31 March 1986. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File. BHP Minerals Ltd. (1983) EL 911, Steels Creek, Victoria. Final report September 1983. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File. BHP Minerals Ltd. (1986) EL 827, Broadford, Victoria. Final and six monthly report for the period ending 30 March 1986. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File. BHP Minerals. (1986) EL 1521 Pyalong, Victoria. Final and six monthly report for the period ending March 1986. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.. Blake R, (1970) Water bore - Serendip Wildlife Research Farm, Lara. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1970/66

Methods Report


Bock P E, () Report on the results of drilling for underground water at the township of Inverleigh, Parish of Doroq. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1962/55 Bolger, P. (1977) Explanatory notes on the Meredith and You Yangs 1:50 000 geological maps. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 54 (1977/14), 36 pp.. Bolger, P. (1977) Explanatory notes on the Meredith and You Yongs 0.0763888888888889 0 geological maps. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1977/14. . Bolger, P. (1978) Explanatory notes on the Meredith 1:63,360 geological map. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1978/88.. Bolger, P.F. (1980) A note on the cross‑section of the Meredith 1:50 000 geological map. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1980/40, 2 pp.. Bolger, P.F. (1980) Meredith. 1:50 000 scale, geological map.. Bolger, P.F. (1981) Tertiary fluvial sediments at Morrison's, Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1981/40, 10 pp.. Bolger, P.F. (1981) Tertiary fluviatile sediments at Morrisons, Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 93(2), pp. 149‑156. . Bowen K G ,Kennedy J C, () Geology of mineral lease 7755. Parish of Kangerong. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1959/026 Bowen K G, (1967) Daylesford Gold Development NL - Lady Jennifer mine. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/021 Bowen K G, (1967) Golden King mine, Yarrambat. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/032 Bowen K G, (1970) Coimadai antimony mine. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1970/40 Bowen, K. (1962) Seive analyses, Dingley, parish of Mordialloc. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map Y/MISC/125. Plan No 2634. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file.. Bowen, K. (1973) Land Conservation Council of Victoria, Melbourne study area - minerals. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1973/66. Bowen, K.G. and McHaffie, I.W. (1988) Sand. In Geology of Victoria. 2nd ed. (Eds. J.G. Douglas and J.A. Ferguson) Vict. Div. Geol. Soc. Aust. 664 p. . Bowen, K.G. (1960) Dyke rocks of the Melbourne area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/30. Department of Mines, Victoria, 4 pp.. Bowen, K.G. (1960) . Heavy mineral analysis Brooklyn pumping station. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/58. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp.. Bowen, K.G. (1961) Boring for sand ‑ Vella's Sand Pit, Parish of Mordialloc. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1961/66. Department of Mines, Victoria, 5 pp.. Bowen, K.G. (1961) Proposed dam site: South Morang. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1961/85. Department of Mines, Victoria, 5 pp.. Bowen, K.G. (1966) . Report on drilling for basalt, Mill Park, Janefield. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1966/2. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 9 pp.. Bowler, J.M. (1963) Tertiary stratigraphy and sedimentation in the Geelong‑Maude area Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 76, pp. 69‑137.. Bowler, J.M. (1970) Alluvial Terraces in the Maribyrnong Valley Near Keilor, Victoria. Memoirs of the National Museum, of Victoria 30, pp. 15‑59.. Bowman, A., Brinkley, A., and Shugg, A. (1998) Risk Assessment on the Mineral Springs - Daylesford Central Victoria. Proceedings of the IAH International Groundwater Conference - Groundwater: Sustainable Solutions, Melbourne, Australia, Bowman, A., Brinkley, A., Shugg, A. (1996) Assessment of the Mineral Springs - Daylesford, Central Victoria. Groundwater and Land Use Planning Conference Proceedings. organised by the Centre for Groundwater Studies. Fremantle Western Australia September. Brumley J C ,Neilson J L, (1976) Engineering geology report on a proposed site for industrial waste at Avalon. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1976/42 Brumley J C, (1972) Melbourne Underground Rail Loop - Wellington Parade & Wellington Parade South areas. Second engineering geology report for Railway Construction Board. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1972/07 Brumley J C, (1972) Melbourne Underground Rail Loop - Wellington Parade and Wellington Parade South area. Interim engineering geology report. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1972/01 Brumley J C, (1973) Notes on the geology of the Collins Place Project, Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/10 Brumley J C, (1977) Hydrogeology of the Melbourne underground rail loop. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/113 Brumley J C, (1977) Stratigraphy of a development site, City of Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/048

Methods Report


Brumley, J.C. and Neilson, J.L. , (1976) Engineering Report on a Proposed site for Industrial Waste at Avalon. Unpublished Report Geological Survey Victoria. Brumley, J.C. (1974) . Explanatory notes on the 1:5 000 stratigraphic map of Melbourne's Central Business District. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1974/22. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 5 pp.. Buckland, G.L. and Fielding, B.J. eds. (1986) Extractive industries strategy plan for Melbourne - a draft report. Stage 2 study report of the Extractive Industries Strategy Plan Interdepartmental Committee. Department of Industry, Technology and Resources and the Ministry for Planning. Byrnes, A.J., , (1989) The stratigraphy of Quaternary sediments of the Werribee Delta, Victoria. B.Sc. Hons. Thesis, LaTrobe Univ. (Unpubl.). . Carrillo-Rivera J J, () Electric logs and other data from coastal bores in Western Port. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/51 Carrillo-Rivera J J, (1973) Groundwater data from French Island. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/05 Carrillo-Rivera J J, (1973) Progress report on groundwater investigations of the Western Port Basin. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/13 Carrillo-Rivera J J, (1975) A study of the aquifer systems of the Western Port area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/12 Carrillo-Rivera J J, (1975) Western Port ground water basin: estimates of maximum sustained yields for control zones. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/16 Carrillo-Rivera J J, (1976) Recharge testing at Carrum using MMBW treated sewage effluent. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1976/55 Centre for Environmental Studies. , (1977) Webb Dock Study, Summary Report on Stage “A” and Task Specification for “Stage B”. Port of Melbourne Environmental Study (Phase II) July. Ceplecha J P, (1974) Geology and gold mineralisation of Wattle Gully mine and the surrounding region, Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1974/12 CFL (1986) Wetlands near Melbourne. Department of Conservation Forests and Lands brochure. Melbourne. . Chapman F, (1928) Sorrento bore Parish of Nepean. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1928/0 Cidoni, V. (1991) The Gisborne Tertiary volcanics. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne. . Clarke, W. (1984) The geology and hydrogeology of the Lancefield area. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne.. Clemens, J.D. (1973) The geology and petrology of the Newer Volcanics in the Wallan area. Unpublished thesis for the Fellowship Diploma in Geology, Department of Applied Geology, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology.. Coffey (Coffey Partners International Pty Ltd), (1993a) Eleven Melbourne Water wastewater treatment plants : hydrogeological assessments. For Melbourne Water Corporation, Geotechnical Report No. GC-93/071. Melbourne Water Corporation, Melbourne.. Coffey (Coffey Partners International Pty Ltd), (1993b) Melbourne Water Werribee Treatment Complex groundwater study stage 2. Nutrient load to Port Phillip Bay: assessment of seasonal monitoring. For Melbourne Water Corporation, Geotechnical Report No. GC-93/054. Melbourne Water Corporation, Melbourne.. Coffey Partners International Pty Ltd. , (1993) Eleven Melbourne Water wastewater treatment plants: hydrogeological assessments. For Melbourne Water Corporation, Geotechnical Report No. GC-93/07. Coffey Partners International Pty Ltd. , (1993) Melbourne Water Werribee Treatment Complex groundwater study stage 2. Nutrient load to Port Phillip Bay: assessment of seasonal monitoring. For Melbourne Water Corporation, Geotechnical Report No. GC-93/054. Melbourne Water Corporation, Melbourne.. Coffey Partners International Pty.Ltd. (1992) Melbourne Water Groundwater Investigation Werribee Farm Werribee, Victoria: Report No. M23. Collett L.C., Stone, A., and Brown, D., , (1993) Catchment Impacts: the Urban Waterways Challenge. Melbourne Water Corporation. Melbourne.. Cooney, A. M. (1980) Urban geological hazards in Victoria. Geological Survey Victoria Unpublished Report. Cooney, A.C. (1973) Report on Preliminary Exploration for a Liquid Waste Disposal Plant Site south east of Melbourne. Unpublished Report Geological Survey Victoria. Cooney, A.M. (1973) Compilation of existing geological data along proposed alternative route of a tunnel between South Melbourne and Richmond. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/51. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 55 pp.. Cooney, A.M. (1973) Report on the surface geology along the proposed route of the second stage of the Northwestern Intercepting Sewer. Client: MMBW. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/85. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 23 pp. . Cooney, A.M. (1973) Surface geology along the route of the proposed Dandenong Valley trunk sewer. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/29. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 36 pp..

Methods Report


Cooney, A.M. (1975) . Magnetometer traverses across the two so‑called dykes east of Warrandyte. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/88. Department of Mines, Victoria, 2 pp.. Cooney, A.M. (1976) The geology of the area between Donvale and Chirnside Park. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1976/33. Geological Survey of Victoria, 46 pp.. Cooney, A.M. (1980) A compilation of geological data near Werribee Railway Station. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1980/94, 2 pp. . Cooney, A.M. (1982) Logs of bores drilled during the Plenty Corridor mapping project. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1982/97.. Cooney, A.M. (1984) Westgate Park groundwater study. Report on drilling and surface geology. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1984/78, 27 pp.. Craigie R C, (1977) A review of the Mines Department's groundwater pollution monitoring programme in the southeastern suburbs of Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/053 Craigie, R.C. (1977) A review of the Mines Departments groundwater pollution monitoring program in the southeastern suburbs of Melbourne. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vic. 1977/53. . Crohn, P.W. (1951) The geology of the New Phoenix Mine, Taradale. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1951/5. Department of Mines, Victoria, 4 pp.. Crohn, P.W. (1953) Report on boring ‑ David Mitchell estate (Lilydale Limestone Deposit). Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1953/3. Department of Mines, Victoria, 35 pp. . Croker, P.J. (1984) . The lava flows between Melbourne and Wallan : their age and distribution. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne.. Dahlhaus P G, (1986) Engineering geology of Melton - Geology and geomorphology. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1986/04 Dahlhaus P G, (1986) Engineering geology of Melton - Map presentation of data. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1986/06 Dahlhaus, P.G. (1982) Engineering geological investigation of proposed cemetry site at Bundoora. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1982/77, 5 pp.. Dahlhaus, P.G. (1984) . Engineering geological investigation of proposed cemetery site at Melton. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1984/77, 99 pp.. Dahlhaus, P.G. (1985) An engineering geological investigation of the Urban Land Authority's property, Melton. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1985/50, 33 pp.. Dahlhaus, P.G. (1985) Geotechnical investigation for proposed regional cemetry at Pakenham ‑ soil test results. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1985/65, 5 pp. . Dahlhaus, P.G. (1985) An engineering geological investigation of the Urban Land Authority's property, Melton. Geological Survey UR. Dahlhaus, P.G. (1986) Engineering geology of Melton ‑ Drilling, testing and mapping program. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1986/3, 39 pp.. Dahlhaus, P.G. (1986) Engineering geology of Melton ‑ Map presentation of data. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1986/6, 11 pp.. Dahlhaus, P.G. (1986) . Engineering geology of Melton ‑ Summary. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1986/7, 12 pp.. Dahlhaus, P.G. (1986) Engineering geology of Melton ‑ a review. Geological Survey Unpublished Report. Dahlhaus, P.G. (1986) Engineering geology of Melton ‑ Engineering geology. Geological Survey Unpublished Report. Dahlhaus, P.G. (1986) Engineering geology of Melton ‑ The Melton development area. Geological Survey UR. Department of Natural Resources and Environment (1993) Hydrogeological Assessment of contamination risk in the Geelong area. HydroTechnology Report CC/3078A/0. Department of Natural Resources and Environment (1994) Geelong - Corio bore completion report. HydroTechnology Report MC/44049.0. Department of Natural Resources and Environment (1994) Landfill monitoring bores, Clayton - Springvale Groundwater Study. HydroTechnology Report CC/30670/A/. Department of Natural Resources and Environment (1994) State Groundwater Monitoring Review. HydroTechnology Report MC/44032.0. Department of Natural Resources and Environment (1995) Dingley Bore Completion Report. HydroTechnology report for the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Report MC/44049.0. Department of Natural Resources and Environment (1995) Groundwater Quality Position Paper. HydroTechnology Report MC/44052.0. Department of Water Resources (1985) Groundwater Inventory Study Report. Prepared for the Department of Water Resources, by Australian Hydrogeologists International P/L and R. Blake and Ass. November. Department of Water Resources. , (1989) Groundwater Inventory Study Report, Final Report November.

Methods Report


Department of Water Resources. , (1989) Water Victoria: A Resource Handbook Victorian Department of Water Resources, Victorian Government Printing Office, Melbourne Australia.. Department of Water Resources. , (1990) Review of the Groundwater Resources of the South East Region. Water Resources Management Report Series. Report No. 54. G. Walker and F. Mollica, March. Di Paolo, G. (1983) The 1982/83 Australian drought and the south eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1983/44.. Douglas Partners (1991) Report on the Hydrogeological Investigations Proposed Fraser Road No. 2 Landfill Clayton South. December 1990, 12940B. DP , prepared for WBCM consultants. Douglas Partners (1998) Compliance of site plans, bore construction details, leachate monitoring data and bore permits. CSR Landfill at: Spring Valley; Clarke Road; Devil Bend; Heatherton Sands and Lyndhurst for PBM Waste Management CSR Limited. Project No. 25370. June 30th. Dufty, M. (1983) The geology of the Bacchus Marsh region. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne.. DWR (1989) Water Victoria - A resource handbook. Department of Water Resources, Melbourne. Dyson, P.R. (1983) Dryland salting and groundwater discharge in the Victorian Uplands. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. Vol. 95, No. 3 : 113-116. . Easton, M. (1995) Hydrogeology and groundwater quality assessment in the vicinity of the former Bunney Road Landfill, Clarinda, Victoria, March. Eaton A R, (1987) Geological mapping and subdivision of the Strathbogie Granite near Yea. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1987/02 Edwards, J. (1990) Brown coal at Bacchus Marsh. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1990/42, 8 pp.. Elder, G. M. (1981) The Victorian groundwater quality monitoring program 1979/80 Geological Survey Victoria Unpublished Report 1981/066, 1pp. Elder, G.M. , (1994) Documentation for CLPR's dryland groundwater database (CLPR-GDB). Research Note No. 6., Department of Natural Resources and Environment - Centre for Land Protection Research.. EPA (1988a.) Industrial Waste Management Strategy - list of treatment and disposal facilities for prescribed wastes. Environment Protection Authority, Melbourne. . EPA (1989b.) The siting and management of landfills receiving Municipal wastes, Draft SEPP. Environment Protection Authority Publ. No. 265 . EPA (1991b.) Contaminated sites register . Environment Protection Authority Information Bulletin October 1991, Melbourne. EPA (1991d.) State Environment Protection Policy (Siting and Management of Landfills Receiving Municipal Wastes). Environmen Protection Act. Victorian Government Gazette No. 540 Government Printer, Melbourne. . Esplan, W.A. (1096) Esplan, W.A., 1961. Underground water ‑ Monash University. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1961/37. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp.. Farrow, B.B. (1969) Geophysical survey of diamond‑drill holes at Chewton, Victoria, 1968 1969/150.. Fawkes, M.S. (1979) . Geology and hydrothermal alteration in the Macedon area. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne.. Finegan, J.,M. (1996) Transport of organic chemicals in a basalt aquifer system Melbourne Australia, PhD Thesis School of Earth Sciences University of Melbourne.. Foley B J ,Lakey R, (1980) Replacement and expansion of the groundwater irrigation supply for the Department of Agriculture, Frankston. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1980/078 Foley B J, (1978) Comments on static water levels of various spa water bores near Daylesford. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1978/065 Foley, B.J. (1978) Comments on static water levels of various spa water bores near Daylesford. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1978/65, 25 pp.. Foster, R.J. (1970) Origin of the Batesford Limestone (Miocene), Victoria. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. 83 : 191-198. . Garland, K.R. () Cost of groundwater for irrigation. In Port Phillip Environment Study - Groundwater Study, Agriculture. (Ed K.R. Garland) Vic. Dept. Agriculture Internal Report Series No. 18 . Garratt M G, (1975) Notes on the geology of the Yan Yean and Kinglake 1:63 360 geological maps. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/57 Garratt, M.J. (1970) Kinglake geological. 1:50 000 (I). Geological Survey of Victoria, Unpublished geological compilation & field map.. Garratt, M.J. (1970) Kinglake geological. 1:50 000 (II). Geological Survey of Victoria, Unpublished geological compilation & field map.. Garratt, M.J. (1972) Glenburn geological.1:50 000. Geological Survey of Victoria, Unpublished geological compilation & field map.. Garratt, M.J. (1972) Yea geological.1:50 000. Geological Survey of Victoria, Unpublished geological compilation & field map. .

Methods Report


Garratt, M.J. (1972) . Tallarook geological.1:50 000. Geological Survey of Victoria, Unpublished geological compilation & field map.. Garratt, M.J. (1975) Notes on the geology of the Yan Yean and Kinglake 1:63 360 geological maps. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/57. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 85 pp.. Garratt, M.J. (1977) Melbourne Trough, Melbourne. Victorian mining plans and sections. Plan No 657. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file.. Gill, E.D. (1961) Estuary and the Yarra Delta, Victoria, Australia. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. 74(2) : 125-133. . Gill, E.D. (1973) Quaternary sediments of the Maribyrnong River, Keilor. Regional Guide to Victorian Geology (2nd edition). School of Geology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 31‑32.. Golder Associates (1976) Industrial Waste Collection - Clay Blanket Construction Method Bayview Quarry, Tullamarine. Report No. 4797, April. Golder Associates (1993) Hydrogeological and Engineering Review proposed Fraser Road No. 2 Landfill, South Clayton, Victoria. May. Gostin, V.A. (1966) Tertiary stratigraphy of the Mornington district Victoria. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict. 79 : 459-512. . Grant, K. (1972) Terrain Classification for Engineering Purposes of the Melbourne Area, Victoria. Division of Applied Geomechanics Technical Paper No.. Guerin B J, (1972) Geological report on the Brooklyn-Ballarat & Ballan-Daylesford sections of the proposed natural gas transmission pipelines. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1972/16 Guerin, B. (1971) Melbourne Underground Rail Loop ‑ western portal, geological report. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1971/50. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 8 pp.. Guerin, B.J. (1971) Preliminary report on the engineering geology of the Doncaster area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1971/51. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 8 pp.. Guerin, B.J. (1972) Geological report on the Brooklyn‑Ballarat & Ballan‑Daylesford sections of the proposed natural gas transmission pipelines. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1972/16. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 19 pp.. Gunn P J, (1973) An initial quantitive study of groundwater flow in the Western Port sunklands. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/40 Gunn P J, (1973) Geological structure & igneous features of Porrt Phillip & Westernport areas. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/69 Gunn P J, (1974) An initial study of groundwater flow in the Westernport Sunklands. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1974/44 Gunn, P. J. (1974) Resistivity surveys: Westernport, Berwick, Mornington Peninsula, Allansford, Barwon Downs, Stradbroke‑Willung, Kingston. Geological Survey Victoria Unpublished Report. Hancock J S, (1968) Completion Alcoa bores WB-9 and OBF. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1968/023 Hancock J S, (1965) Groundwater for cooling - Anglesea, Victoria: aquifer testing results and proposals. Report for: Alcoa Aust. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1965/033 Hancock J S, (1966) A study of dewatering techniques and a testing program for the proposed Alcoa brown coal open cut, Anglesea, Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/023 Hancock J S, (1966) Geelong Rd, Brooklyn: groundwater for stock and industrial usage. Report for: J.H. Ralph and Sons Pty Ltd. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/018 Hancock J S, (1967) Anglesea regional observation bores Jan Juc 50 and Wormbete 4. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/052 Hancock J S, (1967) Completion report on dewatering tests and a dewatering program for the ALCOA Coal Mine-Anglesea, Victoria, for Cavalier Construction Company Ltd. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/019 Hancock J S, (1967) The hydrogeology of the Anglesea area - Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/012 Hancock J S, (1968) Coalmine dewatering - a review of results obtained from the first operation of the dewatering well field. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1968/014 Hancock, J.S. and Phillips, I. (1992) Groundwater protection and attenuation experience around landfills in south east of Melbourne: Hancock, J.S. (1963) . Underground water investigation Police Stud Depot ‑ Broadmeadows. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1963/2. Department of Mines, Victoria, 2 pp. . Hancock, J.S. (1964) Groundwater survey programme ‑ Western Port Phillips Plains, Completion report on Bulban No. 1. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1964/108. Department of Mines, Victoria, 9 pp.. Hancock, J.S. (1964) . Groundwater investigations Smeaton Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1964/38. Department of Mines, Victoria, 5 pp.. Hancock, J.S. (1964) . Groundwater potential of the Christmas Hills. Parish of Sutton. Shire of Healsville. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1964/36. Department of Mines, Victoria, 9 pp..

Methods Report


Hancock, J.S. (1965) Effluent bores at the Melbourne University Veterinary School, Werribee, Victoria. Report for: Garnet H. Alsop and Partners, Architects. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1965/51. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 3 pp. Hancock, J.S. (1966) Geelong Rd, Brooklyn: groundwater for stock and industrial usage. Report for: J.H. Ralph and Sons Pty Ltd. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1966/18. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 9 pp.. Hancock, J.S. (1968) The results of drilling for groundwater supplies 1968. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1968/15. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 35 pp.. Hancock, J.S. (1968) . Disposal of chemical wastes in basalt quarries in the Brooklyn area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1968/9. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 7 pp.. Hancock, S. (1968) Groundwater potential of the Barwon region. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1968/52. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 14 pp. . Hancock, S.J (1968) The results of drilling for groundwater supplies 1968. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1968/15. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 35 pp. Hancock, S.J. (1968) Disposal of chemical wastes in Basalt Quarries in the Brooklyn area. Report for MS Earle, Consulting Engineer Park Road South Melbourne. Acting for Mayne Nickless P/L. Geological Survey Unpublished Report,. Hancock, S.J. (1963) Underground water investigation Police Stud Depot ‑ Broadmeadows. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Hancock, S.J. (1964) Groundwater survey programme ‑ Western Port Phillip Plains, Completion report on Bulban No.. Hancock, S.J. (1965) Completion report on Cut Paw Paw No.68 (67?), Williamstown, Victoria. Report for: Williamstown Swimming Club. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Hancock, S.J. (1965) Effluent bores at the Melbourne University Veterinary School, Werribee, Victoria. Report for: Garnet H. Alsop and Partners, Architects. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Hancock, S.J. (1966) Geelong Rd, Brooklyn: groundwater for stock and industrial usage. Report for: J.H. Ralph and Sons Pty Ltd. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Hancock, S.J. (1967) Effluent bore management and redevelopment, Veterinary Clinical Centre, Werribee. Report for Garnet, Alsop and Partners. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Harris I F, (1972) Preliminary report on the hydrogeology and pollution of aquifers in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1972/55 Harris I F, (1973) Hydrogeology of the Melbourne study area for the Land Conservation Council. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/75 Harris I F, (1973) Probable effect of proposed Patterson Lakes development on local groundwater aquifer systems. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/88 Harris I F, (1974) Hydrogeology of the Melbourne study area for the Land Conservation Council. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/75 Harris I F, (1974) Progress report on ground water pollution studies in the southeastern suburbs of Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1974/92 Harris I F, (31/12/75) Preliminary report on the hydrogeology of the Mornington Peninsula. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1976/01 Harris I F, (31/12/76) Hydrogeology of the Rosebud area - Preliminary report. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1976/04 Harris I F, (31/12/77) Groundwater - Lysterfield Quarries. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/060 Harris, I.F. (1972) Preliminary report on the hydrogeology and pollution of aquifers in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1972/55. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 10 pp.. Harris, I.F. (1974) Proposed investigation of the effects of a sanitary landfill on groundwater. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1974/88. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 6 pp.. Harris, I.F. (1974) Hydrogeology of the Melbourne study area for the Land Conservation Council. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1974/49. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 12 pp.. Harris, I.F. (1974) Progress report on ground water pollution studies in the southeastern suburbs of Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1974/92. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 5 pp.. Harris, I.F. (1974) Hydrogeology of the Melbourne region. Rept Geol. Surv Vict. 1974/11. . Harris, I.F. (1974) Progress report on groundwater pollution studies in the South Eastern Metropolitan Area. Unpublished Report Geological Survey Victoria,. Harris, I.F. (1974) Proposal to investigate recharge of sub‑surface aquifers, Carrum area. Geological Survey Victoria Unpublished Report. Harris, I.F. (1974) Proposed investigation of the effects of a sanitary landfill on groundwater. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Harris, I.F. (1974) Suitability of disused quarries in the south eastern metropolitan area for the disposal waste. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,.

Methods Report


Harris, I.F. (1974b.) Suitability of disused quarries in the south eastern metropolitan area for the disposal waste. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1974/26. . Harris, I.F. (1974c.) Progress report on groundwater pollution studies in the south eastern metropolitan area. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1974/92. . Harris, I.F. (1976b.) Hydrogeology of the Rosebud area - Preliminary Report. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1976/4. Harris, I.F. (1977) Groundwater ‑ Lysterfield Quarries. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1977/60, 3 pp.. Harris, I.F, (1976a.) Preliminary report on the hydrogeology of the Mornington area. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1976/1. Health Department of Victoria (1974) A Draft Environment Protection Policy for the Groundwater of the South Eastern Suburbs Region of Melbourne with Regard to the disposal of wastes. Health Department of Victoria, Land Waste Division, January. Holdgate C R, (1976) Subsurface stratigraphy of the Nepean Peninsula. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1976/34 Holdgate G R, (1975) Bore hole sample descriptions - Nepean Peninsula. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/92 Holdgate, G. (1976) Subsurface stratigraphy of the Nepean Peninsula. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1976/34. Howitt, A.M. (1933) Boring for water at Coldstream. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1933/43. Department of Mines, Victoria, 2 pp.. Hunter, S. (1926) Report on Boggy Creek mineral spring, Kyneton. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1926/23. Department of Mines, Victoria, 3 pp.. HydroTechnology Pty. Ltd. , (1993) Groundwater nutrient and toxicant inputs to Port Phillip Bay. Technical Report No. 13, Port Phillip Bay Environmental Study, CSIRO, Melbourne.. HydroTechnology (1994) State Groundwater Monitoring Review. for the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Report MC/44032.0. HydroTechnology (1994) Status of Nutrients in Groundwater, Victoria. for the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Report MW/44047.023, September. HydroTechnology (1995) Groundwater Quality Position Paper. for the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, HydroTechnology Report MC/44052.0. Jahnke, F.M. (1973) Structural geology of the Morrisons area. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne. Jenkin, J.J. (1960) Underground water problems at B‑Works, Cheetham Salt Limited, Laverton. Underground water investigation Report No. 8. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/80. Department of Mines, Victoria, 11 pp. Jenkin, J.J. (1974) The geology of the Mornington Peninsula and Western Port. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1974/3. . Jenkin, J.J. (1979) Dryland salting in Victoria Water res. Foundation and Soil Consv. Auth. Vict. Jenkins J.J. (1960) Cheetham salt works, Laverton, parish of Truganina. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2679/S/1. Plan No 2679. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining Jenkins, J.J. , (1962) Underground water problems at B-Works, Cheetham Salt Limited, Laverton. Geological Survey of Victoria. Underground Water Investigation Report No. 8. Jenkins, J.J. (1960) Parish of Truganina. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2679/G/1. Plan No 2679. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. Johns, M.W. (1960) Underground water at the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories' farm, Woodend. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/3. Department of Mines, Victoria, 4 pp.. Johns, M.W. (1960) Water divining. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/44. Department of Mines, Victoria, 5 pp. Johns, M.W. (1961) An outline of the Geochemistry of Underground water in Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1961/7. Department of Mines, Victoria, 22 pp. Keble, R.A. (1950) The Mornington Peninsula. Mem. Geol. Surv. Vict. 17 : 1-18. . Kenley P R ,Hancock J S ,THOMPSON B R ,HARRIS I F ,SHUGG A, (1973) Notes on the aquifer systems in Melbourne metropolitan region. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/01 Kenley P R ,Hancock J S, (1965) The underground water resources of the Melbourne metropolitan area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1965/008 Kenley P R, (1967) Underground water in the Royal Botanic Gardens area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/029 Kenley P R, (1969) Status of geological and groundwater information at Bacchus Marsh. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1969/006 Kenley P R, (1974) Notes on the City of Sunshine tip, Hulett Street, Albion and its effect on ground water quality in the area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1974/01 Kenley P R, (1974) Summary of groundwater data relevant to the hydrological regime of Swan Bay. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1974/11

Methods Report


Kenley P R, (1977) Review of groundwater resources of the Keilor-Werribee Plains. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/024 Kenley, P.R. & HANCOCK, J.S. (1963) . The underground water resources of the Melbourne Metropolitan area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1963/13. Department of Mines, Victoria, 22 pp.. Kenley, P.R. & HANCOCK, J.S. (1965) The underground water resources of the Melbourne metropolitan area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1965/8. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 13 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1960) Notes on water is some basalt quarries and swamps in the Brooklyn area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/73. Department of Mines, Victoria, 3 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1960) Private drilling from water, Shire of Melton. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/49. Department of Mines, Victoria, 3 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1960) Tertiary rock formations in the Melbourne Area and stratigraphic interpretation of strata in bore 1, MMBW sewerage works, Brooklyn. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/62. Department of Mines, Victoria, 5 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1960) The Tertiary deposits of the Melbourne area, statigraphy. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/41. Department of Mines, Victoria, 17 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1961) Underground water and foundation conditons at the Cyanamid Australia Pty. Ltd., Plant Site near Laverton, Parish of Truganina. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1961/48. Department of Mines, Victoria, 4 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1962) Origin of groundwater flooding the Brooklyn Trunck Sewer between M3 & M4. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1962/66. Department of Mines, Victoria, 3 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1962) Preliminary report on the geology of the proposed route for the first stage of the Eastern Freeway. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1962/65. Department of Mines, Victoria, 4 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1962) . Additional notes on groundwater flooding the Brooklyn Trunk sewer between M3 & M4. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1962/71. Department of Mines, Victoria, 5 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1963) . The origin of groundwater flooding the Brooklyn Trunk Sewer between M3 and M4. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1963/15. Department of Mines, Victoria, 7 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1963) Reported petroleum seep at Shoreham. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Kenley, P.R. (1963) Sub‑surface data, South‑eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Kenley, P.R. (1967) Underground water in the Royal Botanic Gardens area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1967/29. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 10 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1969) . Status of geological and groundwater information at Bacchus Marsh. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1969/6. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 3 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1969) Notes on a proposal for underground disposal of neutralized pickling effluent at Bright Steels Pty Ltd works, Clifford Road, Somerton. Geological Survey Victoria Unpublished Report. Kenley, P.R. (1972) Preliminary report on the suitability of the Star No.2 open cut, Bacchus Marsh, for liquid wastes disposal. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Kenley, P.R. (1974) Notes on City of Sunshine Tip Hulett Street Albion and its effects on groundwater quality in the area. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Kenley, P.R. (1975) Preliminary report on suitability of clay pit at Campbellfield for liquid waste disposal. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria Kenley, P.R. (1975) Preliminary report on the suitability of a clay pit at Campbellfield for liquid waste disposal. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Kenley, P.R. (1976) Notes on the hydrogeological suitability of Knox tip site for reception of liquid wastes. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1976/88. Department of Mines, Victoria, 3 pp. . Kenley, P.R. (1976) Notes on the hydrogeological suitability of Knox Tip site for reception of liquid wastes. Unpublished Report Geological Survey Victoria,. Kenley, P.R. (1977) Review of groundwater resources of the Keilor‑Werribee Plains. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1977/24. Department of Mines, Victoria, 11 pp.. Kenley, P.R. (1977) Notes on the suitability of the Vitclay Pipes Ltd clay pit, Mahoney's Rd, Campbellfield for liquid wastes disposal. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Kenley, P.R. (1977) Notes on the suitability of the Vitclay Pipes Ltd, clay pit, Mahoney's Road, Campbellfield for liquid wastes. Unpublished Report Geological Survey Victoria,. Kenley, P.R. (1977) Review of the groundwater resources of the Keilor-Werribee Plains. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1977/24. Kenley, P.R. (1977) Review of the groundwater resources of the Keilor-Werribee Plains. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Kenley, P.R., Hancock, J.S., Thompson, B.R., Harris, I.F. & Shugg, A. (1973) . Notes on the aquifer systems in Melbourne metropolitan region. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/1. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 11 pp..

Methods Report


Kennedy J C, (1966) Report on shales and clay from Daylesford. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/0 Kennedy J C, (1971) Report on shales from Keilor. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1971/0 Kenny J P L, (1944) Elaine mines. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1944/01 Kenny J P L, () Goldie Stairs mine, Greensborough. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 5/3 Kenny J P L, () Matthew's gold mine, Flowerdale. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 4/3 Kenny J P L, (1940) Steeles Creek antimony mine. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1940/09 Kenny, J.P.L. (1933) The Jubilee Lake Mineral Spring, Daylesford. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1933/44. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp.. King R L ,Cochrane R M ,Cooney A M, (1987) Significant geological features along the coast in the City of Sandringham. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1987/35 King R L ,FauL D ,Talbot S, () Sites of geological significance on the Melbourne 1:250,000 geological map. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, King R L, (1978) Geological notes on Point Nepean. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1978/086 King R L, (1984) Geological features and their significance in the Shire of Newham and Woodend. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1984/062 King R L, (1984) Some geological features and their significance in the Shire of Newham and Woodend. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1984/091 King, R.L. (1984) Mineral Springs. Mineral Resources general file. Mineral Resources Compactus, Geological Survey of Victoria.. King, R.L., Ford, A.J., Stanley, D.R., Kenley, P.R., & Cecil, M.K. (1985) Geothermal Resources of Victoria - A Discussion Paper. Department of Industry, Technology and Resources and the Victorian Solar Energy Council, Melbourne. . Knight, J.L. (1977) Brief history of the Alphington Quarry (also known as Adam's Quarry). Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Komerower, P.M (1976) A study of the chemistry of Melbourne groundwaters, B.Sc.(Hons.) Thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne.. Komerower, P.M. and Wall, V.J. (1981) The chemical evolution of the groundwater in the Tertiary Basalts of Victoria. Proceedings of the Groundwater Pollution Conference, Australian Water Resources Council, Conference Series No. 1. Perth 1979. Lacey, G.,C. (1996) The Scaling of Baseflow. Cooperative Centre for Catchment Hydrology. Working Document 91/1. February 1996. Melbourne Victoria. 35p. Lach, A., M. (1996) Hydrogeological Processes in the near vicinity of the former Bunney Road Landfill, South Oakleigh. Melbourne University School of Earth Sciences MSc Thesis,. Laing A C M, (1980) Groundwater in Nepean 37 (Sorrento). Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1980/038 Laing A C M, (1980) Origin, occurrence and development of mineral waters in the Daylesford area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1980/095 Laing, A.C.M. (1975) Sunshine Tip, parish of Cut Paw Paw. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 1600/S/10. Plan No 1600. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. LAING, A.C.M. (1976) Hydrogeology of the Parish of Bungaree, near Ballarat. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1976/79. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 3 pp.. Laing, A.C.M. (1978) Areas in Victoria where groundwater development can be expected. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1978/51. . Laing, A.C.M. (1980) Origin, occurrence and development of mineral waters in the Daylesford area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1980/95, 14 pp.. Laing, A.C.M. (1981) LAING, A.C.M., 1981. Mineral waters of Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1981/69, 84 pp.. Laing, A.C.M. (1981) Mineral water of Victoria. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1981/69. Lakey R, (1977) Carrum recharge project. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/080 Lakey R, (1980) Western Port Groundwater Basin: a quantitative hydrogeological evaluation. Interim report. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1980/033 Lakey R, (1985) Western Port groundwater basin management review: saline intrusion - the present situation. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1985/47 Lakey R.C., and Tickell S. (1981) Explanatory Notes on the Westernport Groundwater Basin 1:100 000 Hydrogeological Map. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 69. Lakey, R.C. (1978) A pilot study of groundwater recharge at Carrum using treated effluent. Geological Survey Victoria, Report 56.. Lakey, R.C. (1990) Clayton Road Sand Pit Assessment, May. Lanarus R ,Giofre C, (1975) Compilation of ground water data from water bores on golf courses in the Heatherton-Dingley area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/84

Methods Report


Land Conservation Council. (1989) Rivers and streams special investigation report. Land Conservation Council, Melbourne.. Langford, K.J., Lottkovitz, S., Vaux, J.: Perry, R., Heeps,D., and Ferguson, J. (1985) A pilot study scheme to use recycled water from the South Eastern Purification Plant to irrigate vegetable crops at Cranbourne. in Recycled Water - Marketing a Valuable Resource. Task Force on Recycled Water.. Lawrence C R ,Stone D M ,Mccutcheon R H, (1971) Summary of boring data for the Dandenong Ranges. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1971/25 Lawrence C R, (1965) Preliminary report on the Hepburn Mineral Springs. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1965/064 Lawrence C R, (1971) Pumping tests on selected mineral springs at Daylesford, Hepburn and Kyneton. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1971/21 Lawrence, C.R. (1965) Preliminary Report on the Hepburn Mineral Springs. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Lawrence, C.R. (1969) Hydrogeology of the Daylesford district with special reference to the mineral springs. Underground Water Investigation Report 12.. Lawrence, C.R. (1979) Feasible containment‑type liquid waste disposal sites. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Lawrence, C.R. (1982) Groundwater Resources, in Atlas of Victoria. (Ed. J.S. Simon) Victorian Government Publication.. Lawrence, C.R., Stone, D.M. & Mccutcheon, R.H. (1971) Summary of boring data for the Dandenong Ranges. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1971/25. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 47 pp.. Learmonth, A.P. (1955) Country roads board bores, Parishes of Cut Paw Paw and Doutta Galla. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1955/5. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp.. Learmonth, A.P. (1955) Progress report on the examination of the drill samples King Street Bridge project. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1955/60. Department of Mines, Victoria, 16 pp.. Learmonth, A.P. (1956) Underground water possibilities? Wiltshire file company, Parish of Cut‑Paw‑Paw. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1956/4. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp.. Learmouth A P, (1955) Boring at Firebrick Co parish of Korkuperrimul. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1955/02 Leonard J G, (1981) Notes on the effects of urbanization and engineering works on the groundwater systems in the Port Phillip catchment. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1981/046 Leonard J G, (1982) Effects to date of uses of groundwater and/or aquifers in the Port Phillip Catchment. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1982/021 Leonard J G, (1982) Hydrochemistry of aquifers in the Port Phillip Catchment. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1982/017 Leonard J G, (1982) Hydrogeology of aquifers in the Port Phillip Catchment - a summary. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1982/016 Leonard J G, (1982) Possible uses of groundwater and aquifers in the Port Phillip Catchment. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1982/023 Leonard J, (1988) Possible uses of groundwater systems in the Port Phillip region. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1988/31 Leonard J, (1988) The Port Phillip region - its natural characteristics, land use development and hydraulic services. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1988/14 Leonard, J.G. (1979) Preliminary assessment of the groundwater resources in the Port Phillip Region. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. No. 66 Leonard, J.G. (1980) Review of the EPA groundwater pollution monitoring program. Consultants report for Land Waste Management Branch, EPA. (Confidential and Unpublished).. Leonard, J.G. (1980) Review of the EPA groundwater pollution monitoring program. Consultants report for Land Waste Management Branch, EPA. (Unpubl.). . Leonard, J.G. (1983) Hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of an unconsolidated Tertiary aquifer system in the south eastern suburbs of Melbourne Victoria. In collected Case Studies in Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology. (Eds. M.J. Knight, E.J. Minty and R.B. Smith) Spec. Pub. Geol. Soc. Aust. No. 11 : 181-208.. Leonard, J.G. (1992) Port Phillip Groundwater Resources - Future Use and Management. Department of Water Resources.. Mack, S. (1978) GDPS database - preliminary analysis and design (No. 1) as presented to the groundwater section. Geological Survey unpublished report 1978/95. Mack, S. (1978) GDPS database - preliminary analysis and design (No. 2) as presented to the groundwater database Processing Committee. Geological Survey unpublished report. Mack, S. (1978) GDPS database - program GW040. Geological Survey unpublished report. Mack, S. (1980) GG‑system. Master‑subsystem. "A computer based system to create, update and maintain borehole master data system using COBOL on the B7700 of the VPS". Geological Survey Victoria Unpublished Report.

Methods Report


Mackram A E ,Neilson J L, (1970) Notes on the geology of the Meredith 1:63 360 military sheet. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1970/34 Macumber, P.G. (1973) . Preliminary report mineral spa water investigation at Daylesford. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/32. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 6 pp. . Macumber, P.G. (1974) Proposed mineral spring investigation in the Hepburn‑Daylesford district. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1974/10, 5 pp.. Makram. (1969) Western Trunk Sewer, parish of Truganina. 40 chains to 1 inch, geological map 2679/S/5‑6. Plan No 2679. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file. . Mallet, C.W., and Holdgate, G. (1985) Subsurface Neogene stratigraphy of Nepean Peninsula Victoria. Spec. Publ., S. Aust. Dept. Mines and Energy, 5 : 233-245. . Maund, J. (1855) On the Mineral Waters of Victoria. Transactions and Proceedings of the Victorian Institute (Philosophical).. Maunsell Pty Ltd (1995) Environment Effects Statement, Point Lillias Port and Bulk Liquid Chemical Storage Facility, Appendix 4 Hydrogeological Assessment. October 1995. prepared for the Department of Business and Employment - Industries Services. MC Laughlin, R.J.W. & Macumber, P.J. (1988) Mineral Springs of the Daylesford District. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 81, pp. 143‑148.. Mchaffie I W, (1970) Investigation of sand and gravel deposits of the You Yangs-Parish of Wurdi Youang. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1970/46 Mckenzie, D.A. (1980) `Rise and Shine' gravel deposit, Strangeways ‑ geologists logs. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1980/19, 5 pp.. Medwell, G.J. (1963) Underground water resources investigation "Walmer Park", Walmer (near Maldon). Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1963/56. Department of Mines, Victoria, 8 pp.. Medwell, G.J. (1968) Summary report on site investigations of bores for underground water, Newstead Shire, Sandon/Werona. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1969/77. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 7 pp. . Mines Department of Victoria (1970) Index of Bores, 1878 - 1969 inclusive. MPA Williams and Associates (1994) Preliminary Hydrogeological Assessment of proposed landfill site, McArthurs Road, North Altona for the City of Footscray. MPA Williams 94004, March. Murphy, L.G. (1983) The geology and hydrogeology of the Bacchus Marsh area.An investigation of the chemistry of groundwaters from the Keilor‑Werribee Plains. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne.. Murphy, L.G. (1983) The geology and hydrogeology of the Bacchus Marsh area. An investigation of the chemistry of groundwaters from the Keilor‑Werribee Plains. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne.. Murray, R.A.F. (1895) Long Tunnel Co., Bullan towards Blakeville. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1895/1136, 1492. Department of Mines, Victoria, 4 pp.. Nahm, G., Y. (1985) Groundwater Resources Evaluation. Geological Survey, Unpub. Report. Nathan R.L. & P.E. Weinmann. , (1993) Low Flow Atlas for Victorian Streams. Long Term Planning Guidelines Background Report L3. Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Victoria.. Neilson (1987) Liquid waste treatment facility - planning and environment report. Report for the MMBW Industrial Waste Project by Neilson and Associates Pty. Ltd. . Neilson Associates Pty. Ltd. (1987) Hydrogeology Map, one of a series to assist in the siting of investigations for industrial waste management facilities. Prepared for the Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works.. Neilson J L ,Guerin B J, (1971) Geological report on connexions to Melbourne Underground Rail Loop, Wellington Parade South to Richmond Station. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1971/53 Neilson J L, (1965) Geological report on St. Kilda Junction and approaches. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1965/015 Neilson J L, (1965) Preliminary geological report on damsites and a tunnel route in the Yarra River-Watson's Creek area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1965/056 Neilson J L, (1966) Geological report no.1, South-Eastern sewerage system. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/060 Neilson J L, (1966) Geology of the Melbourne city area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/033 Neilson J L, (1966) Preliminary report on the geology between Spotswood and Werribee. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/041 Neilson J L, (1966) Silurian rocks of the Melbourne district. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/057 Neilson J L, (1966) South-eastern trunk sewer, Sections 3 and 4, concise geological report. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/032

Methods Report


Neilson J L, (1967) Notes on some C.R.B. bores in the Yarra Delta. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/037 Neilson J L, (1968) Private bores, Parish of Melbourne South. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1968/019 Neilson J L, (1970) Melbourne Underground Rail Loop ground water investigation. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1970/57 Neilson J L, (1976) Geological setting of Coode Island silt. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1976/43 Neilson J L, (1982) Preliminary report on ground conditions along the railway alignment between Ferntree Gully and Belgrave. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1982/062 Neilson, J.L. & Brumley, J.C. (1972) Melbourne Underground Rail Loop ‑ notes on geological observation shafts, 1972. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1972/21. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 20 pp.. Neilson, J.L. & Brumley, J.C. (1973) Notes on the geology of the Northern Loop inspection shaft, Adderley Street Works Area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/9. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 6 pp.. Neilson, J.L. & Guerin, B.J. (1971) . Geological report on connexions to Melbourne Underground Rail Loop, Wellington Parade South to Richmond Station. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1971/53. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 177 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1959) Preliminary report on drilling for Victorian Railways at West Melbourne Swamp, Parish of Douta Galla. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1959/58. Department of Mines, Victoria, 4 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1959) Progress report on drilling at West Melbourne Swamp, Parish of Doutta Galla. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1959/76. Department of Mines, Victoria, 8 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1959) Second progress report on drilling at West Melbourne Swamp, Parish of Doutta Galla. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1959/103. Department of Mines, Victoria, 3 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1960) Report on Drilling for V.R. standard gauge flyover foundations at North Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/120. Department of Mines, Victoria, 5 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1960) Second report on drilling for V.R. standard gauge flyover foundations at North Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/132. Department of Mines, Victoria, 8 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1960) . Conclusion of drilling at West Melbourne swamp. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/10. Department of Mines, Victoria, 3 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1960) . Report on drilling for the new V.R. Bridge over Moonee Ponds Creek, West Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/106. Department of Mines, Victoria, 6 pp. . Neilson, J.L. (1962) . Bore at site of Mines Department workshops and core laboratory, Fishermen's Bend. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1962/61. Department of Mines, Victoria, 1 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1964) Geology of the Victoria Docks area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report. Neilson, J.L. (1965) . Second report on geological section along proposed lowering of Hobson's Bay main sewer under the River Yarra, Spotswood. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1965/9. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 13 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1968) Private bore at Port Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1968/46. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 2 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1968) Private bores, Parish of Melbourne South. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1968/19. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 3 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1970) Melbourne Underground Rail Loop ground water investigation. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1970/57. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 17 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1970) . Boring at Commonwealth clothing factory site, South Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1970/39. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 13 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1970) . Drilling at Australian Broadcasting Commission site, corner of William and Lonsdale Streets, Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1970/20. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 18 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1972) Boundary between basalt and underlying Werribee Formation in pilot tunnel beneath Latrobe Street (proposed Melbourne Underground Rail Loop). Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1972/18. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 10 pp. . Neilson, J.L. (1973) Boring at William Street‑Little Collins Street intersection, City of Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/30. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 1 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1979) Inspection of rock face at the property of the City Brick Works Company P/L, SW corner of the intersection of Toorak Road & Tooronga Road, Hawthorn. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1979/1, 3 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1979) . Log of bore at Swanston Dock, Fishermen's Bend. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1979/28, 1 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1979) . Report on an inspection of the road cutting bordering Lower Heidelberg Road, Ivanhoe. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1979/72, 7 pp.. Neilson, J.L. (1988) Yarra Delta. In Geology of Victoria. (Eds J.G. Douglas and J.A. Ferguson). Vict. Div. Geol. Soc. Aust. pp 387-392. . Neilson, J.L. (1991) Geology of the Yarra Delta. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1991/50, 35 pp..

Methods Report


Neilson, J.L. (1991) Ground conditions in an extended part of the Docklands development area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1991/33, 10 pp. Neilson, J.L., and Jenkin, J.J. (1967) Quaternary in Geology of the Melbourne District, Victoria. Bull. Geol. Surv. Vict. 59 : 47-52. . Newbery, J.C. (1867) Mineral Waters of Victoria. Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict. 8, pp 278-283.. Nott R J, (1978) Geological report on the Exhibition Exchange Excavation, Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1978/046 O’Rourke, M. and Shugg, A, (1998) Impacts of Groundwater Discharges in the Catchments and Streams of the Port Phillip Region. Proceedings of the IAH International Groundwater Conference - Groundwater: Sustainable Solutions, Melbourne, Australia, 8-13 February, 1998. Editors T.R.Weaver and C.R. Lawrence. ISBN 0-646-35127-3, pp 527-532.. O'Rourke, M., Shugg, A. and Collett, L, (1995) Ecological Impact of Groundwater Discharge to Catchment Streams and Port Phillip Bay. Revised and updated from Groundwater Contamination Seminar, International Association of Hydrogeologists and Institute of Engineers. Melbourne,1994. 39 p. Published as a Special Publication of Melbourne Water Corporation Catchment Strategy Division. ISBN 0 7306 8706 6.. O'Rourke, M, F. Shugg, A. and Collett, L. (1994) Ecological Impact of Groundwater Discharge to Catchment Streams and Port Phillip Bay. Groundwater Contamination Seminar, International Association of Hydrogeologists and Institute of Engineers. Melbourne , March. O'shea P J, (1969) Geology of the Fairfield intercepting sewer. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1969/042 O'shea P J, (1969) Geology of the Yarra East main sewer. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1969/052 O'shea P J, (1969) Report on drilling for Merri Creek main sewer. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1969/053 O'shea P J, (1970) Geological report on the city of Melbourne Underground Railway. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1970/18 O'shea P J, (1970) Geological report on the Melbourne Underground Rail Loop. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1970/58 Otto C.J. , (1992) Literature and information review of groundwater input of nutrients and toxicants to Port Phillip Bay. Technical Report No. 4, Port Phillip Bay Environmental Study, CSIRO, Melbourne.. OWR (1990) Macedon Region overview study - a review of the water resources, water and wastewater management. Office of Water Resources, Victoria. . Parker, R.S., and Wolfe, R.D.A. (1990) Groundwater Contamination Assessment of Gaseworks Sites. Water 17(3), pp. 20-23. Peck, W., A., Neilson, J., L., Olds, R.,J., and Seddon, K., D. (1992) Engineering Geology of Melbourne. A.A. Balkema/Rottersam/Brookfield. 407 p.. Plier Malone E N M, (1977) Groundwater for Shire of Melton. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/010 Plier Malone E N M, (1977) Notes on the possible decline of groundwater levels in the Parishes of Kinglake and Flowerdale. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/067 Plier Malone E N M, (1977) Use of groundwater for proposed sewerage treatment plant at MMBW farm, Werribee. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/001 Plier Malone E N M, (1984) Brief report on drought relief drilling, Parish of Jan Juc, 1983. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1984/028 Plier Malone E N M, (1984) Summary of groundwater investigations for Daylesford water supply. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1984/024 Plier Malone, E.N.M. (1984) Drilling for groundwater at Newstead. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1984/25, 3 pp.. Plier‑Malone E.N.M. (1983) Water boring for drought relief in Victoria. Unpub. Rep. Geol. Surv. Vict.. Pratt M, (1985) Groundwater investigation - Shires of Bass and Phillip Island. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1985/48 Pratt M. (1985) Groundwater Investigation ‑ Shires of Bass and Phillip Island. Geol. Surv. Vict. Unpubl. Report.. Reed, K.J. (1958) Underground water investigations, Township of Meredith, Parish of Meredith. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1958/75. Department of Mines, Victoria, 18 pp.. Riha M, 1971) Ground water pollution in the south west suburbs of Melbourne - Werribee Formation aquifer, notes no.2. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1971/35 Riha M, (1972) SE trunk sewer groundwater investigation: feasibility study for lowering the piezometric surface along tunnel through coastal dunes - Gunnamatta Beach. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1972/32 Riha M, (1975) Interim report on shallow aquifers in the western suburbs of Melbourne (April 1975). Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/18 Riha M, (1977) Comments of Taradale mineral springs investigation. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/049 Riha M. & P.R. Kenley. , (1978) Investigation of the hydrogeology and groundwater pollution in the basalt aquifer system, West of Melbourne. Unpublished Report 1978/40, Geological Survey Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria..

Methods Report


Riha, M. & Kenley, P.R. (1978) Investigation of the hydrogeology and groundwater pollution in the basalt aquifer system, west of Melbourne. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1978/40, 84 pp.. Riha, M (1978) Suitability of Wilsons Quarry Berwick for the disposal of industrial and liquid wastes. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Riha, M. and Kenley, P.R. (1978) Investigation of the hydrogeology and groundwater pollution in the basalt aquifers west of Melbourne. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Riha, M. (1969) Preliminary study of groundwater contamination in the Industrial areas of Melbourne. Unpublished Report Geological Survey Victoria,. RIHA, M. (1974) Preliminary report on dewatering of the excavations for the Werribee Sewage Pumping Station. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1974/55. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 6 pp.. Riha, M. (1975) Hydrochemical effects of injecting waste water into a basalt aquifer near Laverton, Victoria. Report Geological Survey Victoria,. Riha, M. (1975) Interim report on shallow aquifers in the western suburbs of Melbourne. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Riha, M. (1976) Hydrochemical effects of waste percolation on groundwater in basalt near Footscray, Victoria, Australia. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1976/86. . Riha, M. (1977) . Comments of Taradale mineral springs investigation. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1977/49. Department of Mines, Victoria, 9 pp.. Riha, M. (1981) Biological reduction of sulfate in a complex aquifer system at Sunshine. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria, 1981/79. Riha, M.,, (1971a.) Contribution to aquifer testing. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1971/72. . Riha, M., (1971b.) Groundwater pollution in the south western suburbs of Melbourne - Werribee Formation aquifer notes No. 2 Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1971/35. . Riha, M.R. (1971) . Ground water pollution in the south west suburbs of Melbourne ‑ Werribee Formation aquifer, notes no.2. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1971/35. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 4 pp.. Ripper D T, (1980) Nepean 37 well completion report. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1980/050 Roberts P S, (1979) Geological map of Werribee Gorge. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1979/114 Roberts, R.S. (1984) Explanatory notes on the Bacchus Marsh and Ballan 0.0763888888888889 0 geological maps. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. No. 76 . Ronan, N.M. (1980) Resource Appraisal. in A Case Study of the Maroondah Catchment. Ed K.J. Langford and P.J. O'Shaughnessy. MMBW, Melbourne . Rural Water Corporation (1992) Evaluation of nitrate concentration in groundwater on the Nepean Peninsula. Selwyn, A.R.C (1845) Report on the geology, palaeontology and mineralogy of the country situated between Melbourne, Western Port Bay, Cape Shank and Point Nepean. Notes and Prog. Leg. Council 1 . Shugg A ,Harris I F, (1973) Preliminary report on the hydrogeology of the Wandin Yallock area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/28 Shugg A ,Harris I F, (1975) Evaluation of pumping test data of an unconfined fractured rock aquifer, Monbulk 3, Parish of Monbulk. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/47 Shugg A ,Harris I F, (1975) Progress report no.1 hydrogeological investigation Wandin Yallock. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/27 Shugg A ,Harris I F, (1975) Pumping test analysis Parker Road test site, Parish of Wandin Yallock, Wandin Yallock 27 and 28. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/90 Shugg A ,Mack S ,Ingram T, (1981) Groundwater hydrograph printout, Parishs of Monbulk and Wandin Yallock. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1981/089 Shugg A ,PASKEVICIUS A, (1977) Brief comments on the tabulation of the results from the groundwater pollution monitoring program in the south eastern suburbs. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/035 Shugg A, (1988) Cranbourne Tip drilling groundwater investigation. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1988/24 Shugg A, (1980) Some hydrogeological aspects of landfill refuse disposal with reference to the Cranbourne tip. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1980/054 Shugg A, (1979) Occurrence of springs at Campbellfield. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1978/110 Shugg A, (1987) Fractured volcanics pumping test WWT Woodend. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1987/55 Shugg A, (1972) Preliminary report on groundwater resources to the north of Melbourne, with special reference to pollution investigations. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1972/39 Shugg A, (1973) Groundwater investigation Green Vale, Parish of Yuroke. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/74 Shugg A, (1973) Report on the hydrogeology of potential sanitary landfill sites, Parish of Morang. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1973/11

Methods Report


Shugg A, (1974) Groundwater investigation, Lyonsville, Parish of Bullarto, County of Talbot. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1974/84 Shugg A, (1975) Progress report on the hydrogeology of the Tullamarine liquid waste disposal site. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/23 Shugg A, (1976) Notes on the groundwater observation bores drilled by the Dept of Mines for the Environmental Protection Authority in the South Eastern suburbs, 1976. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1976/91 Shugg A, (1977) Progress report on the groundwater monitoring program, Tullamarine liquid waste disposal site. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/063 Shugg A, (1977) Results of pumping tests carried out on Kalkallo 10,333 Brick and Pipe Industries, Craigieburn, Parish of Kalkallo. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1977/008 Shugg A, (1978) A case of groundwater pollution, Parish of Wollert. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1978/003 Shugg A, (1978) Extant records of standing water levels from small diameter basalt bores in the northern portion of the Port Phillip Sunklands. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1978/068 Shugg A, (1978) Groundwater pollution observation bore, Jika Jika 467. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1978/010 Shugg A, (1978) Metrification of Packer Tests conducted at Tullamarine I.W.D.S. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1978/030 Shugg A, (1980) Notes on a pumping test conducted at Gunnamatta Beach. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1980/007 Shugg A, (1981) A waste disposal in the basalt aquifer of Maribyrnong. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1981/005 Shugg A, (1981) Brief comment on groundwater level fluctuations recorded in the Parish of Wandin Yallock. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1981/007 Shugg A, (1984) Fractured rock groundwater investigation, Woodend. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1984/018 Shugg A, (1984) Overview, groundwater pollution investigation, excluding the Western suburbs. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1984/032 Shugg A, (1984) Woodend groundwater investigation - Woodend 3. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1984/063 Shugg A, (1985) Occurrence of groundwater in the Kilmore district. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1985/60 Shugg A, (1986) Notes on Bedrock Spring, Scoresby. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1986/55 Shugg A, (1987) Pollution monitoring data SE suburbs. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1987/15 Shugg A. (1987a) Inventory of groundwater pollution studies. Geological Survey Report No. 1987/4. Shugg A. (1987b) Pollution monitoring data south-eastern suburbs. Geological Survey Report No. 1987/15. Shugg A. (1995) Hydrogeology, hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry of the fractured rock aquifers of the Dandenong Ranges Region of Victoria. Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of Technology Sydney 1995, 850 p.. Shugg, A. & Harris, I.F. (1973) . Preliminary report on the hydrogeology of the Wandin Yallock area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/28. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 34 pp.. Shugg, A. & Harris, I.F. (1975) Pumping test analysis, Parker Rd test site, Parish of Wandin Yallock, Wandin Yallock 27 and 28. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/90, 3 pp.. Shugg, A. & Harris, I.F. (1975) . Evaluation of pumping test data of an unconfined fractured rock aquifer, Monbulk 3, Parish of Monbulk. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/47. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 9 pp.. .. Shugg, A. & Paskevicius, A., (1977) Brief comments on the tabulation of the results from the groundwater pollution monitoring program in the south eastern suburbs. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1977/35. Department of Mines, Victoria, 12 pp.. Shugg, A. and Harris, I.F, (1973) Preliminary report on the hydrogeology of Wandin Yallock area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/28. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 34 pp. Shugg, A. and Harris, I.F, (1975) Evaluation of pumping test data of an unconfined fractured rock aquifer, Monbulk 3, Parish of Monbulk. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/47. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 9 pp. Shugg, A. and Harris, I.F, (1975) Progress report no.1 hydrogeological investigation Wandin Yallock. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/27. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 12 pp. Shugg, A. and Harris, I.F, (1975) Pumping test analysis, Parker Rd test site, Parish of Wandin Yallock, Wandin Yallock 27 and 28. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/90, 3 pp. Shugg, A. and Knight, M. (1994) Hydrogeology of the Mineral Springs of Central Victoria. Water Down Under, 25th Congress of the International Association of Hydrogeologists and the International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of the Institute of Engineers Australia.. Shugg, A. and O'Rourke, M, (1994) Groundwater in the Yarra Catchment. Yarracare Waterways Series, Discussion paper No.8. p7.

Methods Report


Shugg, A. and O'Rourke, M, (1995) Groundwater in the Yarra Basin Technical Document. Department of Conservation and natural Resources and Melbourne Water Corporation, July 1995. ISBN 0 7306 7951 9. 81 pp.. Shugg, A. and O'Rourke, M. (1994) Groundwater in the Yarra Catchment. Yarracare Waterways Series, Discussion paper No.8. p7.. Shugg, A. and O'Rourke, M. (1995) Groundwater in the Yarra Basin Technical Document. Department of Natural Resources and Environment and Melbourne Water Corporation July. Shugg, A. (1972) . Preliminary report on groundwater resources to the north of Melbourne, with special reference to pollution investigations. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1972/39. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 17 pp. . . Shugg, A. (1973) .Groundwater investigation Green Vale, Parish of Yuroke. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/74. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 15 pp.. Shugg, A. (1973) . Report on the hydrogeology of potential sanitary landfill sites, Parish of Morang. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1973/11. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 5 pp.. Shugg, A. (1974) . Groundwater investigation, Lyonsville, Parish of Bullarto, County of Talbot. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1974/84. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 8 pp.. Shugg, A. (1975) . Progress report on the hydrogeology of the Tullamarine liquid waste disposal site. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/23. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 17 pp.. Shugg, A. (1975) Annotated bibliography of sanitary landfills and hydrogeology of waste disposals with appendices. Unpublished Report Geological Survey Victoria,. . Shugg, A. (1976) . Notes on the groundwater observation bores drilled by the Dept of Mines for the Environmental Protection Authority in the South Eastern suburbs, 1976. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1976/91. Department of Mines, Victoria, 13 pp.. Shugg, A. (1976) Notes on the groundwater observation bores drilled by the Department of Mines for the Environmental Protection Authority in the South Eastern suburbs. Shugg, A. (1976a.) Notes on the composition of some leachate water samples from Victorian sanitary landfills. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1976/53. . Shugg, A. (1976b.) Notes on the groundwater observation bores drilled by the Department of Mines for the Environmental protection Authority, in the south eastern suburbs. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1976/91. . Shugg, A. (1977) Progress report on the groundwater monitoring program, Tullamarine liquid waste disposal site. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1977/63. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 9 pp. . Shugg, A. (1977) . Results of pumping tests carried out on Kalkallo 10,333 Brick and Pipe Industries, Craigieburn, Parish of Kalkallo. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1977/8, 16 pp.. Shugg, A. (1977) Brief notes on the results from the Groundwater Pollution Monitoring Program in the South Eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Shugg, A. (1977) Notes on the proposal to dispose of liquid trade wastes at Lyndhurst. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Shugg, A. (1977) Progress report on the groundwater monitoring program Tullamarine liquid waste disposal site. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Shugg, A. (1977) Results of pumping tests carried out on Kalkallo 10, 033, Brick and Pipe Industries, Craigie burn, parish of Kalkallo. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1977/8. . Shugg, A. (1977b.) Progress report on the groundwater monitoring program Tullamarine liquid waste disposal site. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1977/63. . Shugg, A. (1978) A case of groundwater pollution, Parish of Wollert. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1978/3, 4 pp.. Shugg, A. (1978) Extant records of standing water levels from small diameter basalt bores in the northern portion of the Port Phillip Sunklands. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1978/68, 8 pp.. Shugg, A. (1978) Groundwater pollution observation bore, Jika Jika 467. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1978/10, 10 pp.. Shugg, A. (1978) Occurrence of springs at Campbellfield. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1978/110, 3 pp.. Shugg, A. (1978) A case of groundwater pollution, Parish of Wollert. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Shugg, A. (1978) Extant records of standing water levels from small diameter basalt bores in the northern portion of the Port Phillip sunklands. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Shugg, A. (1978a.) A case of groundwater pollution, Parish of Wollert, Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1978/3. . Shugg, A. (1978b.) Groundwater pollution observation bore Jika-Jika 467 Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1978/10. Shugg, A. (1978c.) Leachate discharge from a suburban landfill, Parish of Jika-Jika, Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1978/69. . Shugg, A. (1979) An intermediate yielding seventh order spring at Cobaw. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1979/31, 8 pp. Shugg, A. (1979) Tullamarine Report. June 1979 Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria, 1979/67.

Methods Report


Shugg, A. (1980) Notes on the UDS waste disposal site Broadmeadows. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Shugg, A. (1980) Response test conducted upon 14/80/9, Tullamarine. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria, 1980/75. Shugg, A. (1980) Response tests conducted upon 14/80/6, Tullamarine. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria, 1980/70. Shugg, A. (1980a.) Some hydrogeological aspects of landfill refuse disposal with reference to the Cranbourne tip. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1980/54. . Shugg, A. (1980b.) Notes on the UDS waste disposal site Broadmeadows. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. 1980/54. . Shugg, A. (1980c.) Notes on a pumping test conducted at Gunnamatta Beach. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1980/7. Shugg, A. (1981) . A waste disposal in the basalt aquifer of Maribyrnong. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1981/5, 36 pp.. Shugg, A. (1981) . Brief comment on groundwater level fluctuations recorded in the Parish of Wandin Yallock. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1981/7.. Shugg, A. (1981) A waste disposal in the basalt aquifer at Maribyrnong. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria, 1981/5. Shugg, A. (1981) An examination of a liquid waste disposal site, Tullamarine, Victoria. Proceedings of the Groundwater Pollution Conference. Australian Water Resources Council. Conference Series No. 1. Perth 1979. Shugg, A. (1981a.) A waste disposal in the basalt aquifer at Maribyrnong. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1981/5. Shugg, A. (1981b.) An examination of a liquid disposal site, Tullamarine, Victoria. In proceeding of the Groundwater Pollution Conference, Australian Water Resources Council. Conference Series No. 1 pp 308-319. . Shugg, A. (1982) . Results of pumping tests conducted at Woodend. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1982/96, 15 pp.. Shugg, A. (1982) Acid pit waters - Mordialloc. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1982/37. Shugg, A. (1983) Leachate attenuation tests, Brighton Group. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Shugg, A. (1984) Fractured rock groundwater investigation, Woodend. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1984/18, 14 pp. Shugg, A. (1984) Woodend groundwater investigation ‑ Woodend 3. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1984/63, 10 pp. Shugg, A. (1984a.) Dandenong Ranges - Wandin Yallock investigation. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1984/19. Shugg, A. (1984b.) Overview groundwater pollution investigation excluding the western suburbs. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1984/32. . Shugg, A. (1985) Occurrence of groundwater in the Kilmore district. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1985/60, 8 pp. . Shugg, A. (1985a.) Evaluation of nitrate content of groundwater on the Nepean Peninsula. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1985/69. . Shugg, A. (1985b.) Critical review of Rye landfill site. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1985/56. Shugg, A. (1986) Notes on Bedrock Spring, Scoresby. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1986/55, 2 pp.. Shugg, A. (1986) Evaluation of nitrate content of groundwater on the Nepean Peninsula. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1987/3. . Shugg, A. (1987) Fractured volcanics pumping test WWT Woodend. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1987/55, 15 pp.. Shugg, A. (1987) Inventory of Victorian Groundwater Pollution Studies. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Shugg, A. (1987) Review of monitoring results existing Rye Tip. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Shugg, A. (1987) Stauffer Chemicals site Newport. Geological Survey Victoria Unpublished Report. Shugg, A. (1987a.) Review of monitoring results existing Rye Tip. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1987/3. . Shugg, A. (1987b.) Inventory of Victorian groundwater pollution studies. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1987/4. Shugg, A. (1987c.) Occurrence of high nitrate groundwater in Victoria. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1987/14. . Shugg, A. (1987e.) Stauffer chemical site, Newport. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1987/21. . Shugg, A. (1987f.) Notes on Station Pier site, British Petroleum hydrocarbon site Port Melbourne. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1982/56. Shugg, A. (1988) Cranbourne Tip drilling groundwater investigation. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1988/24, 10 pp.. Shugg, A. (1988) Nepean Peninsula Nitrate Investigation. Department of Water Resources/ EPA Internal Report.. Shugg, A. (1989) Groundwater Notes, Gasworks Site Port Melbourne. Internal Staff Report of the Department of Water Resources.. Shugg, A. (1989a.) Nitrate in groundwater, Nepean Peninsula, Shire of Flinders. Depart. Water Resources Unpubl. Rept. Shugg, A. (1989b) Groundwater notes, gasworks site Port Melbourne. Dept. Water Resources Unpubl. Rept. .

Methods Report


Shugg, A. (1990) Report on the Tuerong Quarry landfilling proposal by Waltop Pty. Ltd. Dept. Water Resources Unpubl. Rept. . Shugg, A. (1991) Response test conducted upon 14/80/9, Tullamarine. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria, 1980/75. Shugg, A. (1996) Hydrogeology of the Dandenong Ranges fractured rock aquifers and the comparison with similar aquifers in Victoria. MSc Thesis National Centre for Groundwater Management, University of Technology Sydney. 850p.. Shugg, A., and Harris, I.F. (1973a.) Preliminary report on the hydrogeology of the Dandenong Ranges. In Groundwater Investigation Program Report 1973 Vict. Mines Department : 13-15. Shugg, A., and Harris, I.F. (1973b.) Preliminary report on the hydrogeology of the Wandin Yallock area. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1973/28. . Shugg, A., and Harris, I.F. (1975a.) Progress Rept. No. 1, hydrogeological investigation. Wandin Yallock. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1975/27. . Shugg, A., and Harris, I.F. (1975b.) Evaluation of pumping test data of an unconfined fractured rock aquifer, Monbulk 3, Parish of Monbulk. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1975/47. . Shugg, A., and Harris, I.F. (1975c.) Pumping test analysis Parker Road test site, parish of Wandin Yallock. Wandin Yallock 27 and 28 Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. 1975/90. . Shugg, A., and Paskevicius, A. (1977) Brief comments on the tabulation of results from the groundwater pollution monitoring program in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Unpubl. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1977/35. . Shugg, A., Mack, S. & Ingram, T. (1981) Groundwater hydrograph printout, Parishs of Monbulk and Wandin Yallock. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1981/89, 2 pp. Sinclair Knight Merz, , (1991) Lower Kororoit Creek sediment assessment study. Report by Sinclair Knight to EPA, Melbourne, Victoria. Sinclair Knight Merz (1994) Geelong ‑ Corio Bore Completion Report. For the Department of Natural Resources and Environment. MC/44049.0. Sinclair Knight Merz (1995) Mineral Spring Groundwater and Risk Assessment (Draft). For the Department of Natural Resources and Environment. MC/44045.0. Sinclair Knight Merz (1996) Clayton South Bore Completion Report. For the Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Jun‑96.. Sinclair Knight Merz (1996) Dingley Groundwater Sampling ‑ Report. For the Department of Natural Resources and Environment. May‑96.. Sinclair Knight Merz (1996) Geelong ‑ Corio Groundwater Sampling. For the Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Jun‑96.. Sinclair Knight Merz (1997) Vulnerability mapping of High Beneficial Use Aquifers - A Pilot Study. For the Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Draft Jun-97. Sinclair Knight. (1991) Lower Kororoit Creek sediment assessment study. Report by Sinclair Knight to EPA, Melbourne, Victoria. Smith, M.A. and Meacham, I.R. (1976) Werribee River Basin - proposals for water resource management. State Rivers and Water Supply Commission, Melbourne. Spencer-Jones D, () Explanatory notes on the Geelong 1:63 360 geological map. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1970/01 Spencer‑Jones, D. (1954 Investigation of water bores at Heatherton. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1954/11. Department of Mines, Victoria, 5 pp.. Spencer-Jones, D. (1970) Explanatory notes on the Geelong 1 : 63 360 geological map sheet. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1970/1. State Development Committee. , (1969) Transcripts of the Proceedings before the SDC, Inquiry into Mineral Spa Water Resources of Victoria. Government Printer, Melbourne.. State Development Committee. , (1970) Final Report of the SDC on the Mineral Spa Water Resources of Victoria. Government Printer, Melbourne.. Stewart, C. (1979) Groundwater resources of the Shire of Seymour. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1979/3, 5 pp.. Stewart, G. (1975) The Newer Volcanics lava field: North of Melbourne, part. Stewart, G. (1977) Geological logs of metropolitan Basalt Survey Bores between the Western Highway and Sunbury. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Stewart, G. (1977) Notes on rural sites near Melbourne suitable for disposal of small quantities of intractable waste. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Stewart, G. (1977) The Newer Volcanics lava field: Between Darraweit Guim, Monegeetta and Sunbury. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Stewart, G. (1978) Summary hydrogeological report on proposed site for disposal of hazardous wastes. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,.

Methods Report


Stewart, G. (1979) Brief notes on sites proposed as depots for the disposal of hazardous waste. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Stewart, G. (1981) Augmenting the Lancefield town water supply with groundwater: a preliminary appraisal. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1981/22, 9 pp.. Stewart, G. (1982) Pumping test of exploratory bore, Lancefield Water Works Trust. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1982/50, 34 pp.. Stewart, G. (1982) Groundwater (and weathering) in the Hughes Creek catchment. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1982/59, 77 pp.. Stewart, G. (1983) . Drought relief drilling, Shire of Kilmore 1982/83. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1983/35, 13 pp.. Stewart, G. (1987) Electrical conductivity profiling of shallow groundwater beneath the eastern sector of the Werribee River delta. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1987/60, 24 pp.. Stewart, G. (1988) Hydrogeology of the eastern sector of the Werribee River Delta. RWC Investigations Branch Report No. 1988/19. . Stewart, G. (1988) Hydrogeology of the eastern sector of the Werribee River Delta. RWC Investigations Branch Report No.. Szabo L G, (1975) Progress report on the directional hydraulic conductivities of the mineral spa aquifer at Lithia Spring. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1975/53 Szabo, L. (1975) Hepburn Mineral Springs, Hepburn. Victorian mining plans and sections. Plan No 1510. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open file.. Szabo, L.G. (1975) Pumping test on bore F‑12 Lithia Spring. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/56. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 11 pp.. Szabo, L.G. (1975) Progress report on mineral spa water investigation. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/49. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 11 pp.. Szabo, L.G. (1975) . Progress report on the directional hydraulic conductivities of the mineral spa aquifer at Lithia Spring. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1975/53. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 12 pp.. Szabo, L.G. (1976) . Progress report: Mineral spa water investigation in Hepburn ‑ Daylesford area during 1975. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1976/11. Geological Survey of Victoria, 13 pp.. Taimre, T. (1977) . The geology of the Romsey‑Newham area. Theoretical modelling of liquidus relations in silicate systems. Unpublished Bachelor of Science (honours) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne.. Taylor, J. (1991) An assessment of the City of Camberwell's application to establish and develop a municipal waste disposal facility at a sand extraction site near Clayton Road, South Clayton - a groundwater perspective. Dr Jeff Taylor - Petrogenesis Pty., Ltd., for the City of Oakleigh February 1991. Thomas D E, (1966) Langwarrin no.14 bore and Hastings bore. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/007 Thomas, D.E. (1960) . Underground water for cooling purposes in blast furnaces, Brooklyn. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/118. Department of Mines, Victoria, 2 pp.. Thomas, D.E., Martin, C.G., Kenley, P.R. & Douglas, J.G. (1960) . Note on the flooding of the underground workings at Brooklyn. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1960/77. Department of Mines, Victoria, 10 pp.. Thompson B R ,Lawrence C R, (1967) SE Sewerage System, groundwater investigations. Feasibility study for lowering the piezometric surface along portion of the SE Trunk Sewer Line. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/005 Thompson B R, (1966) A summary of the drilling program on the Mornington Peninsula 1965. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1966/013 Thompson B R, (1967) The Koo-Wee-Rup Basin: comments on depletion and artificial recharge. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/054 Thompson B R, (1970) The geology and hydrogeology of the Western Port Sunklands. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1970/55 Thompson B.R. & I.S. Harris. (1972) A survey of the groundwater resources in the southeastern suburbs of Melbourne. Report 1972/11, Geological Survey, Melbourne, Victoria.. Thompson, B.R. & Lawrence, C.R. (1967) Preliminary report on the dewatering of the S.E. Trunk Sewer tunnel site. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1967/6. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 12 pp.. Thompson, B.R. (1966) . Daylesford mineral springs pumping tests. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1966/11. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 3 pp. Thompson, B.R. (1967) South Eastern sewerage system groundwater investigation. Unpublished Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Thompson, B.R. (1972) A review of the aquifer systems near Melbourne and the possibility of using treated effluent for artificial recharge. Report, Geological Survey Victoria,. Thompson, B.R., and Harris, I.F. (1972) A survey of the groundwater resources in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Rept Geol. Surv. Vict. 1972/7. . Thornton, P. (1987) Industrial Waste Facility Tullamarine, Assessment of Stability of Recut Western Quarry Face. Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works. Geotechnical Report GT87/945..

Methods Report


Tickell S J, (1991) Alternative sites for the proposed basalt quarry at Gisborne, EILA 1341. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1991/01 Tickell S J, (1978) Geology and hydrogeology of the Westernport Basin. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1978/056 Tickell, S.J. (1980) Explanatory notes ‑ hydrogeological map of the Port Phillip catchment area. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1980/35, 7 pp.. Vandenberg A H M, (1988) Explanatory notes on the Kilmore 1:50 000 Geological Map. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1988/83 Vandenberg A H M, (1971) Explanatory notes on the Ringwood 1:63 360 geological map. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1971/01 VandenBerg, A.H.M. (1973) Geology of the Melbourne District, in Regional Guide to Victoria Geology (Ed. J. McAndrew and M.A.H. Marsden). Univ. Melbourne : 14-30. . VandenBerg, A.H.M. (1977) Explanatory notes on the Warburton 0.0416666666666667 250 0 geological map. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1977/7. . VandenBerg, A.H.M. (1979) Explanatory notes on the Ringwood 0.0854166666666667 360 geological map. Rept. Geol. Surv. Vict. 1971/1. . Walker, G., & Mollica, F., (1990) Review of the Groundwater Resources in the South East Region. Walker, G. (1990) Preliminary assessment of the effect of groundwater on surface water salinity, Carrum Swamp Wetlands: Rural Water Commission, Investigation Branch Report No.. Whiting R G, (1955) Antimony mine, Steels Creek. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1955/44 Whiting R G, (1967) Golden King mine, Yarrambat. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1967/032 Whiting R G, (1970) Report on Minerals Pty Ltd kaolin mine, Egerton, Vic. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1970/70 Wilkinson H E, (1969) Bibliography of geological literature relevant to the Maldon goldfield. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report, 1969/044 Wilkinson, H.E. (1972) . Underground water investigation for Castlemaine Golf Club, Parish of Muckleford. Geological Survey of Victoria Unpublished Report 1972/4. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 4 pp. Woodward Clyde, (1997) Hydrogeological Assessment – CSR Heatherton Sands. Prepared for CSR Readymix. May. WRCb (1981) Review of Victoria's water resources and utilisation - Part 2, Detailed information Maribyrnong River Basin. Water Resources Council, Ministry of Water Resources and Water Supply, Victoria. Wylde, L.J. (1975) A Study of Newer Volcanic rocks north west of Melbourne. M.Sc. Qualifying Thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Monash University.

Methods Report


Appendix B – Project Database Table Fields Location Table

Field Description

RECNO Unique database record number – generated for all bores and site details (e.g. EPA sites)

BOREID Bore identification number.

EASTING All data has been projected to GDA 94

NORTHING All data has been projected to GDA 94

USES Provides description of the bore use. Only available for the GMS and GEDIS bores

MGAZONE All bores have been projected to MGA zone 55

RLNS Surface elevation from survey data where available

RLNS_DEM Surface elevation assigned from the project Digital Terrain Model (DTM)

PARISHNO Attributed through querying the bore coordinates against GIS overlay

PARISH Attributed through querying the bore coordinates against GIS overlay

DATASOURCE Source of the data (e.g. GMS, GEDIS, EPA)

GMA Flag to indicate if the bore is located in a Groundwater Management Area

WSPA Flag to indicate if the bore is located in a Water Supply Protection Area

RIVERBASIN Attribution on the basis of river basin

CMA Attribution on the basis of catchment management authority area.

HYDROBASIN Flag to attribute each bore to a hydrogeological basin. This is based on the Groundwater Province mapping from the National Land and Water Audit website.

DATECOMP Date when drilling and construction of each bore was completed.

MAPSHEET Attribution of bores based on the 1:100K map sheets

SURFACEGEO Assignment of surface geology tag to each bore using the 1:250K geology layer

STRATIGRAPHY Enables bores used in the stratigraphy mapping to be identified

GW_CONTOUR Enables bores used in the potentiometric mapping to be identified

SALINITY_CONTOUR Enables bores used in the water quality mapping to be identified

TRANS_MAPPING Enables bores used in the yield/transmissivity mapping to be identified

RLTOP Height of top of bore casing relative to the Australian Height Datum (where available)

OUTCROP_BEDROCK Flag attributed in GIS to identify those bores located in the bedrock areas

BOREDEPTH Depth of bore

AQ_SCREENED Manual field to allow the allocation of a screened aquifer to bores

PUMPINGTEST Manual field to allow bores with pumping test information to be identified

TRANSMISSIVITY Manual field to allow the allocation of transmissivity values to specific bores

PUMP_SOURCE Manual field to allow the source of pumping test information to be recorded

EXCLUDE Manual field to enables suspect/unreliable bores to be identified and removed from the analysis

Methods Report


Field Description

MAPSHEET_REGION

The mapping is being undertaken in three regions (the eastern region: Bacchus Marsh and Geelong sheets, the central region comprising of the Melbourne and Sorrento sheets and the western region containing the Ringwood and Western Port sheets). This field allows for the filtering of bores based on their mapping region.

Construction Detail Table

Field Description

RECNO As per location table

BOREID As per location table

DATASOURCE As per location table

CONSTRUCTED_DEPTH Constructed depth of bore. This may differ from the drilled depth of bore in some instances where the driller may have backfilled the well to install the casing/screen across a specific aquifer unit.

SCREENFROM Depth at which the screen starts

SCREENTO Depth at which the screen length finished

LITHOLOGY Lithology of the screened interval (unique to the GMS)

Stratigraphy Table

Field Description




LOG_SOURCE Differentiates whether the bore log is a driller’s log or a geologist’s log

DEPTH_FROM Starting depth interval for log description

DEPTH_TO Concluding depth interval for log description

DESCRIPT Driller/geologist description for given depth interval

STRATIGRAPHY Stratigraphic unit allocated for selected depth interval

Methods Report


Water Quality Table

Field Description




OBS_DATE Observation date for the water quality reading

SALEC Measured Electrical Conductivity (EC) in �s/cm

SALTDS_SOURCED Measured Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in mg/L

SALTDS_CONVERT Converted TDS value from the SALEC field. Conversion formula is provided in Chapter Four

SALCTDS Selected TDS value, this field takes the SALTDS_SOURCED value where it is available and the SALTDS_CONVERT value where the sourced value is not available

DATAQC Data quality code based assigned to each bore and water quality reading on the basis of the reading date (see Chapter Four for more detail)

USE_DQ Manual Flag that indicates which reading has been selected for inclusion in the water quality mapping. Along with aquifer screens this enables the bores used to develop the quality layers to be identified.

Waterlevel Table

Field Description




OBSERSTATUS Flag to indicate whether the bore has time series waterlevel data or just a single water value taken at the time the bore was drilled

OBS_DATE Observation date for the waterlevel reading(s)

COND_CODE Bore condition code. Indicates whether there was uncertainty associated with particular waterlevel readings (only applies to GMS data)

DEPTH_BDP Depth of groundwater in a bore below a datum point. Commonly the datum point refers to the surveyed top of the bore casing.

DEPTH_BNS Depth of groundwater in a bore below the natural surface

MRWL Groundwater level in a bore relative to Australian Height Datum calculated from the surveyed elevation of the bore

DRWL Groundwater level in a bore relative to Australian Height Datum calculated by subtracting the DEPTH_BNS from the DEM_RLNS (see location table). Effectively this gives a reduced waterlevel relative to the terrain model

DATAQC Data quality code assigned to each bore and waterlevel reading on the basis of the reading date (see Chapter 4 for more detail).

USE_DQ Manual Flag that indicates which reading has been selected for inclusion in the potentiometric mapping. Along with aquifer screens this enables the bores used to develop the potentiometric layers to be identified.

Methods Report


Appendix C – Borehole Database Table Fields Aquifer Table

Field Description

AQF_CODE Code to define the groundwater mapping unit

DESCR Description of groundwater mapping unit

Bore Table

Field Description

BORE_ID Unique identifier for each bore

EASTING GDA 94 Zone 55

NORTHING GDA 94 Zone 55

Stratigraphy Table

Field Description

SG_CODE Code to define the stratigraphic grouping of the unit

STRATGRP Unique identifier of stratigraphic grouping of the unit

COMMENT Comment


Stratigraphic Reference Table

Field Description


REF Report reference

Methods Report


Stratigraphic Interpretation Table

Field Description


RLNS_DEM

Natural surface value assigned to each bore from the project digital elevation

model (DEM)

TOP_QA

Top Quaternary including the Newer Volcanics, Werribee Delta Sediments, Port

Melbourne Sand, Bridgewater Formation, Quaternary Alluvial deposits, Yarra delta

Group)

BASE_QA Base Quaternary (Note: this was not used in the production of the surfaces)

TOP_UTA

Top Upper Tertiary includes Moorabool Viaduct (Otway basin and west of Port

Phillip Basin), Brighton Group (Port Phillip and Nepean Peninsula), Baxter

Formation(Western Port Basin)

BASE_UTA Base Upper Tertiary

TOP_MTA

Top Middle Tertiary includes the Gellibrand Marl, Jan Juc Formation (Otway Basin),

Fyansford Formation, Batesford Limestone (Port Phillip Basin), Sherwood

Formation (Western Port Basin)

BASE_MTA Base Middle Tertiary

TOP_LTA

Top Lower Tertiary includes the Dilywn Formation, Demons Bluff and Eastern View

Formations (Otway Basin and Nepean Peninsula), Werribee Formation, Older

Volcanics (Port Phillip), Childers Formation, Older Volcanics (Western Port)

BASE_LTA Base Lower Tertiary

TOP_PC2 Top Bedrock (defined as Pre‐Tertiary for the Melbourne/Westernport area)

BASE_PC2 Base Bedrock

BH_BASE The elevation of the base of the borehole (mAHD)

Methods Report


Lower Tertiary Unit Reduced Waterlevel (RWL) Table

Field Description


RLNS_DEM


model (DEM)


OBS_DATE Observation date

DBNS Depth of the waterlevel below the ground surface

RWL

Elevation of the waterlevel in metres to the Australian Height Datum, determined

using (RLNS_DEM ‐ DBNS)

OUTLIER Flag to identify those data excluded from the analysis

Lower Tertiary Unit Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Table

Field Description



TDS Groundwater salinity as milligrams per litre (mg/L) total dissolved solids (TDS)


Methods Report


Upper Tertiary Unit Reduced Waterlevel (RWL) Table

Field Description


RLNS_DEM


model (DEM)




RWL


using (RLNS_DEM ‐ DBNS)


Upper Tertiary Unit Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Table

Field Description





Methods Report


Watertable Reduced Waterlevel (RWL) Table

Field Description


OBS_Date Observation date

BORE_DEPTH Total depth of the bore

DEM_RLNS


model (DEM)

RWL


using (DEM_RLNS ‐ DBNS)



Watertable Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Table

Field Description





Methods Report


Reference List

Field Description

REF_ID Unique identifier for reference document

AUTHOR Author of reference document

PUB_DATE Publication date of reference document

TITLE Title of reference document

GSV Geological Survey of Victoria

AVAIL Reference document available in the specified media

SOURCE Source of reference document

creating groundwater directory for greater melbourne final

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